
Class 
BooL 



GopyrigteN? 






COPYRIGRT DEPOSHV 




H^ith its Red for love, and its White for law, 
And its Blue for the hope that our fathers saw 
Of a larger libertjy. 



M 



^ ^ n 



Hi ». w^ n n 



ANUAL OF PATRIOTISM 




FOR USE IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS 
OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 



AUTHORIZED BY ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE 



COMPILED, ARRANGED AND EDITED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF 



CHARLES R. SKINNER, 



State Superintendent of Public Instruction 



...1900.. 



Brandovv Printing Company 
dei'aj«-xme;nt printers 

ALI34^JV^ N. Y. 



93728 






Librairy of Googreaa 

Two Copcs Received 
DEC 26 1900 

SECOND copy 

OeKwraitB 
ORO£fi OIVISiON 

DEC 28 mo 



Copyright, 1900, 

BY 

Charles R. Skinner. 



PREFACE. 

Patriotism is more than a sentiment;. it is a conviction based upon 
a comprehension of the duties of a citizen and a determination loyally 
to perform such duties. Patriotism is love of country, born of 
familiarity with its history, reverence for its institutions and faith in 
its possibilities, and is evidenced by obedience to its laws and respect 
for its flag. 

American citizenship, ^safeguarded by the public schools, stands 
for the best that our institutions can offer to a free and happy people. 
Believing that our schools should be nurseries of patriotism, it has for 
many years been my constant purpose to encourage the study of 
history among the youth of our commonwealth as the strongest inspi- 
ration to patriotic citizenship and all that it impHes. This book 
represents the fulfilment of such purpose, and is offered to the teachers 
of the State in the confident hope that the object sought to be 
accomplished may find ready and enthusiastic supporters among all 
educators who are striving for the best results of educational effort. 

I have been inspired by the belief that to preserve our free insti- 
tutions in all their old-time vigor and prestige, our system of public 
education must more and more lay stress on those civic virtues which 
develop and ennoble true and patriotic citizenship. This belief has 
steadily grown under the encouraging sympathy of thoughtful citi- 
zens, experienced educators, and patriotic organizations. The legis- 
lature of the State has acknowledged the growth of patriotic spirit 
by providing for the publication of a patriotic manual for use in the 
public schools of our State, and for its free distribution among them. 

The task imposed upon the State Superintendent of Public 

Instruction by this enactment has not been easy. The limitations to 

the broad scope of material that could legitimately be made part of 

such a work were by no means easy to determine. The plan finally 

adopted and followed in the compilation of this volume was to present 

(D 



{{ MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

the choicest literature bearing upon love of country, and upon notable- 
events and the achievements of proud names in American history, in 
the belief that love of country grows best when the youth of the land 
have a lively appreciation of what our free institutions have cost in 
individual sacrifice, in sufifering, and in treasure. 

The Manual is now submitted to the teachers and the supervising 
officers of the State, and to them is intrusted the important duty of 
so using the material provided as to make at least some of its noble 
utterances, its vivid pictures of great deeds and patriotic sacrifices,, 
and its quotations from the sayings of men honored for their clear 
patriotic vision, a part of the very souls of the pupils intrusted to their 
care. In this way shall we secure the very result intended by 
the legislature in enacting the law which authorized the publication 
of this volume. This can be done successfully only by much repeti- 
tion and constant reiteration. So well established is this fact that I 
feel warranted in recommending that a few minutes of the opening 
exercises of every public school each day be devoted to observance 
based upon the material found in this Manual, or suggested thereby,, 
and, in addition, that more extended exercises be provided in com- 
memoration of the great days and the great names in our Nation's 
history. 

I would be glad to have every pupil in our public schools commit 
to memory each week some patriotic selection or quotation, no matter 
how brief it may be. Let school be opened by a patriotic song and 
a salute to the flag. This may be followed by a short recitation or 
by several brief patriotic quotations from the masterpieces which have 
been arranged in this work. Let pupils choose from among their 
number one or more classmates whose duty it shall be to see that the 
flag is properly displayed in favorable weather, at other times exhib- 
ited in the schoolroom, and all times sacredly cared for. 

The task of editing this work was placed in the hands of Professor 
William K. Wickes, principal of the high school of Syracuse, to whom 
my acknowledgments are due for his loyal and painstaking efforts. I 
also acknowledge my indebtedness to Professor Isaac H. Stout, a. 
veteran of the civil war associated with me in the educational work of^ 



PREFACE. iii 

the State, who suggested and arranged that part of the Manual relat- 
ing to important dates in American history. I desire especially to 
acknowledge my obligations to Past-Commanders Albert D. Shaw, 
Anson S. Wood and Joseph W. Kay, Col. Joseph A. Goulden, chair- 
man of the special committee on instruction in civics and patriotism, 
and their comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic, Department 
of New York, without number, for their constant encouragement and 
earnest co-operation in all matters pertaining to patriotic education, 
culminating in the publication of this volume. 

This Manual is submitted to teachers, school officers, the people, 
and the legislature in the confident belief that it will be so well used 
in our school work as to reflect credit on the teaching force, prove the 
wisdom of the legislature in authorizing its publication, and justify 
the earnest efforts made in behalf of the law by patriotic citizens and 
organizations. 





State Superintendent: 
Albany, N. Y., May, 1900. 



EDITOR'S ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, 



This Manual is made up from many contributing sources. To all, 
so far as possible, the editor wishes to make his acknowledgments 
and pay his meed of thanks. To Statesmen, Orators, Poets — the dead 
and the living — whose strong and stirring utterances give fresh life 
and beauty to the thought of Patriotism and its noblest symbol, The 
Flag. To the following publishers and composers for the crowning 
grace of music: — the Oliver Ditson Company, for selections from 
their recent book, " Patriotic Songs for School and Home/' filled 
with gems in an admirable musical setting, — Ginn & Co., whose 
wide-ranging and inspiring *' Academy Song Book " would be a 
constant joy in any schoolroom, — Silver, Burdett & Co., in whose 
'" Songs of the Nation " may be found a fine epitome of the best 
in present-day patriotic music, — Houghton, Mifflin & Co., whose 
" Riverside Song Book " contains in compact form, set to music, the 
finest patriotic poems of the noblest American poets, and into whose 
" Riverside Literature Series " have been put illustrations of every 
possible phase, as it would seem, of American history and life, — the 
John Church Company for use of the song, " Our Flag," — Martha 
Moses Peckham (and her publishers, Clayton F. Summy Company/, 
Chicago), for her unique and rousing song, " Dewey at Manila Bay," 
— Prof. Hamlin E. Cogswell for his spirit-caught interpretation of 
" The Liberty Bell " and " The Camp Flag,"— Miss Cornelia A. Moses 
for the music of the brush in her flag-drawing and initial letters. 
Above all, to Prof. Ralph W. Thomas for the music of human speech 
as shown in his many and choice selections of patriotic prose and verse. 

The Editor. 

Civ) 



INTRODUCTION. 

It is well to put in the very forefront of this book, the law in 
accordance with which this '' Manual of Patriotism " has been prepared: 

LAWS OF NEW YORK.— By Authority. 

CHAP. 481. 

AN ACT to provide for the display of the United States flag on the 
schoolhouses of the State, in connection with the public schools; and 
to encourage patriotic exercises in such schools. 

Became a law April 22, 1898, with the approval of the Governor. Passed, three- 
fifths being present. 

The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and 
Assembly, do enact as follows: 

Section i. It shall be the duty of the school authorities of every 
public school in the several cities and school districts of the State to 
purchase a United States flag, flagstaff and the necessar}'- appliances 
therefor, and to display such flag upon or near the public school build- 
ing during school hours, and at such other times as such school authori- 
ties may direct. 

§ 2. The said school authorities shall establish rules and regula- 
tions for the proper custody, care and display of the flag, and when the 
weather will not permit it to be otherwise displayed, it shall be placed 
conspicuously in the principal room in the schoolhouse. 

§ 3. It shall be the duty of the state superintendent of public 
instruction to prepare, for the use of the pubHc schools of the state, a 
program providing for a salute to the flag at the opening of each day 
of school and such other patriotic exercises as may be deemed by him 
to be expedient, under such regulations and instructions as may best 
meet the varied requirements of the different grades in such schools. 
It shall also be his duty to make special provision for the observance 
in such public schools of Lincoln's birthday, Washington's birthday. 
Memorial day, and Flag day, and such other legal holidays of like 
character as may be hereafter designated by law. 

(v) 



vi MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

§ 4. The State superintendent of public instruction is hereby 
authorized to provide for the necessary expenses incurred in developing 
and encouraging such patriotic exercises in the public school. 

§ 5. Nothing herein contained shall be construed tO' authorize 
military instruction or drill in the public schools during school hours. 

§ 6. This act shall take effect immediately. 

Reading the foregoing carefully, it will be noted that, lav^-like, not 
a word is said as to the intent of the law. But whoever will *' read 
between the lines " cannot fail to see its gracious purpose, — nothing 
less or other than to awaken in the minds and hearts of the young a 
strong and abiding regard for the flag and intelligent appreciation of 
the great men and great deeds that have made it to be, to all American 
youth, the rallying-cry of patriotism. In other words, the Empire 
State seeks for its countless host of boys and girls the inculcation of a 
true spirit of Patriotism and a loving regard for its greatest symbol, 
the Flag. 

Note also in the law the constraint that is put upon the authori- 
ties of every public school in the State, to furnish, display, and care 
for a flag. That means that the State is interested to see that those 
into whose hands are put all the great interests of the schools — with 
their large corps of teachers and immense army of pupils — shall make 
clear the will and mind of the State in respect to the patriotic education 
of its children. 

This good law was put upon the statute-book through efforts 
made largely by the Department of New York, Grand Army of the 
Republic. Under " General Orders, No. 6," issued August 9, 1897, a 
special Committee was appointed '' to examine and report to th6 
Department * * * upon the best practical methods of teaching 
Patriotism and Civics in our public schools." The Committee, having 
previously been divided into three parts, viz.: on Civics and History; 
Patriotic Exercises; PubHc Celebrations, — made its triple report in 
November, 1897. This report, under the title, '' To Promote Patriotic 
Study in the Public Schools," was published in pamphlet form by the 
State Superintendent of Public Instruction for general distribution 
throughout the State. This action greatly influenced the patriotic 
legislation embodied in the law above quoted. In '' General Orders, 
No. 10," we read: "The comrades feel deeply indebted to Supt. 



INTRODUCTION. yjj 

Skinner for his most helpful and valuable co-operation in this important 
patriotic work, which lies so close to all their hearts." "Which lies so 
close to their hearts." — ^What pathos in those words! The brave men 
who fought the battles of the Union from '6i to '65 are fast passing 
away. Not many years hence the last heart will have ceased to beat. 
But meantime, how active and strenuous they are in all right efforts to 
vivify and strengthen the sentiment of true patriotism in the hearts of 
the young! Everywhere they keep Memorial Day, — a constant object 
lesson to the present generation. But besides this, in some cities, they 
are the inspiration to a ceremony called the " Transfer of Flags." And 
a special word of praise is due to Col. A. D. Shaw, Commander-in-Chief 
of the G. A. R., for his untiring zeal in the sacred cause of patriotism, 
and for the results he is bringing about in cementing the loyal friend- 
ship of Blue and Gray. Indeed, in many ways, the veterans of War 
are showing a profound interest in all that makes for lasting and 
honorable Peace. 

In this work of beneficent patriotism many a Women's Relief 
Corps is having a large and honorable share. For there are many 
matters connected with the care of the sick and needy that can be 
safely and sympathetically entrusted only to women. And thus, 
through their kind and most unselfish ministrations, patriotism is 
exalted and made more sacred in the eyes of the young. 

But G. A. R. and Women's Relief Corps, though the greatest, 
are not the only organizations that are helping (each in its own way 
and sphere) to strengthen the cause of patriotism. Here are a few 
others: Sons of Veterans, U. S. A., Sons of the Revolution, Sons of 
the American Revolution, Daughters of the American Revolution, 
Daughters of the Revolution, Colonial Dames of America, Association 
of Spanish War Veterans. Let all be welcomed to a part in the work 
of loyalty-building; let none be found negligent or lukewarm therein! 

To no individual, scarcely to any organization, is this Manual so 
greatly indebted as to Charles R. Skinner, State Superintendent of 
Public Instruction. The G. A. R. Committee, in acknowledgment of 
his aid, speaks most gratefully of his '' fruitful counsels and sugges- 
tions." And the editor of the Manual hereby wishes to give his testi- 
mony to the untiring interest shown by the Superintendent, to his 



viii MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

unflagging enthusiasm, his constant wish for the doing of anything,, 
everything, which might increase in youthful hearts the love of the 
Flag and of Native Land. Let the following letter attest his deep 
concern for the patriotic welfare of the young: 

''Albany, March i, 1900. 
" To the Boys and Girls of the Empire State: 

'' It is spring by the calendar to-day,— but outside of my windows^ 
the wind is blowing hard and cold and the snow is piling up great drifts 
in the streets. At such a time how pleasant it would be for me if I 
could gather you all in one great schoolroom around a big, roaring 
fire and talk to you about your school. But I cannot do that. There 
is no room or building on earth large enough to hold you all. So I 
must talk to you, if at all, with my pen. 

" I hope you will all study hard, be obedient to your teachers and 
kind to your schoolmates. Do not shirk any lessons, no matter how 
difficult they may be, for if you master your lessons now, you will be 
better able to conquer many difficulties when you grow to be men 
and women. 

" When you play, I hope you will play as hard as ever you 
can. It will help you to get strong and keep strong in body, just 
as hard study will strengthen your minds. Then, in years to come, 
you will not be in danger of ' breaking down ' when you have much 
work to do with hands or brain. 

'' I suppose you have heard it said that ' all work and no play 
makes Jack a dull boy.' And I believe that all play and no work would 
be just as bad. Don't you? So I want to tell you how to do something 
that certainly is not all work and surely is not all play — indeed, most 
of it is neither work nor play. What to call it I hardly know, — but I 
am sure that no pupil who does it will be a dull boy or a dull girl. 

" When you are tired of work and lessons, and tired, too, of 
play, just stop your work or your play and think about the Flag of 
your country. And not only think about it, but read about it, write 
about it, learn what others have said about it — sing about it. You 



INTRODUCTION. ix 

will find plenty of things to aid you in your thinking, reading, writing 
and singing, in those programs which your good friend, the editor 
of the Manual, has prepared for your special use. Now will not that 
be a pleasant change from work, and far more useful than mere play? 
I am sure also that it will illumine your work and your play with the 
' fine gold ' of Patriotism. 

" Patriotism, dear children, means love of country. It is some- 
thing that lives in the heart, and makes one willing to do anything that 
will be for the good of his country. So' you see you cannot learn it 
from your books, nor get it from your play. But by using the exer- 
cises of this book, I think you can find and put away in your hearts 
that spirit which will make of you all good citizens — true patriots, 
loving your own land and wishing all nations of the earth to possess 
that freedom and happiness which you in America so much enjoy. I 
hope that you will find in this book those symbols of your country 
which stand for the great principles upon which our government is 
founded; that you will have your imagination aroused so that you can 
see, as ' with your eyes shut,' what beautiful lessons in patriotism those 
symbols teach, lessons that will prove to be like pictures of pleasant 
things that you may hang on the walls of Memory, never to fade; that 
in the sweet and strong music of the book you may feel your young 
spirits strengthened to fight, in years to come, in peace or in war, the 
noble battles of Patriotism and the Flag. 

" Sincerely yours, 
" [Signed.] 




^^L 



SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS. 

Do not look upon this Manual as a text-book in American history. 
There are many good books that give the facts, and some that attempt 
the philosophy of the subject. But this does not pretend to do either. 
I am of the mind that neither facts nor philosophy alone, nor both 
combined, can create the sentiment of patriotism, much less foster 
and strengthen it in the minds and hearts of children. Be yourselves 
well grounded in the facts, and teach them as may be needful. Seek 
the philosophy of events, and teach it as far as possible. But when you 
take this book in your hands, let the light of sentiment and imagination 
play over facts and theories — tingeing all as with the beautiful Red, 
White and Blue of the Flag. Put yourselves in the place of the child. 
When your own mind is thus made responsive to the color-touch 
in history, try to make your pupils see and feel the illuminating power 
of great and worthy deeds. Nor of deeds alone. Teach them the 
wonderful power that abides in great personalities. Hold before their 
eyes a vision of the commanding figures of our own American history. 
Inspire them with a sentiment of loyalty and devotion to native land. 
If so profound a reasoner so wonderful an orator as Webster, con- 
stantly wove into the fabric of his most enduring speeches the splendid 
colors of the imagination, surely we need not hesitate, but rather, 
should be eager to use as best we can, though in faint degree, that 
power which he so magnificently wielded. Remember that the imagina- 
tion is the very heart of all the symbols which are found in this book 
and are here used to set forth the noblest principles of government, the 
great underlying truths of our common humanity. 

So, it was with intent that pictorial themes were largely chosen 
for the programs that follow. At the same time, it should be under- 
stood that the prefatory matter which caps each program is meant only 
as a hint or suggestion to be amended or enlarged as any teacher may 

wish. Keep the Flag ever before the mind's eye. Remember, also^ 

(xi) 



xii MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

that so far as patriotism finds oral expression it is through music, 
poetry and prose. They are the gateways beautiful into the mind of 
the child. Teach them to sing the songs, let them learn " by heart " 
the poems and prose selections, — for not a strain of music, not a 
stanza, not a sentence, conveys an unworthy thought. Do not be 
alarmed at any sentiment for fear it is too profound for children to 
comprehend. If they learn it not in early years, they will never learn it. 
But my word for it, the day of a complete understanding of its mean- 
ing will come^ and then they will remember, with undying thanks, the 
faithful one who taught them. Do not let them lose sight of the under- 
lying thought of each program, that special quality in pictorial guise, 
which it is intended to set forth. Perhaps it is sympathy, or freedom 
or protection — no matter what, in the wide range of patriotism. If 
the central, rallying word is not given in the preliminary note, let the 
teacher give it, or better still, let the pupils find it. Let them put it 
in as clear and compact a " composition " form as possible, or explain 
it in oral form. Have class exercises frequently; let pupils sing or 
repeat in concert; borrow the music of other groups or individual 
programs, if time permits; the selections, poetry or prose, of different 
groups or single programs, choosing selections from any part of the 
book. Put in a quotation exercise, now and then, permitting pupils 
to select for themselves. 

Mindful that in school as elsewhere, " time is money," I have 
made the great majority of the programs so brief that any one may 
be compassed in ten minutes or less, at the opening or closing of the 
daily session. All told, the programs number forty, so that a daily 
exercise may be given through the school year without repeating any 
one program more than four or five times, just often enough to keep 
the memory refreshed on the various songs and selections. The pro- 
grams for Memorial Day, Washington's birthday, Lincoln's birthday^ 
Flag Day, have been made longer than others, as befits their great 
importance. Each of these four great themes makes a group by 
itself. The other programs are divided into groups according to the 
relation they bear to the Flag, the central theme of all the programs. 
Near the opening of the book a brief history of the flag is given. 



SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS. xiii 

Straightway followed by exercises pertaining to the flag and by the 
ceremony of " Salutes " and " Pledges of Allegiance." Thus the body 
of the book has been divided into groups, each distinct and separate, 
and similarly into programs closely related to '' The Flag." Even the 
abstract subjects, with their wisely-chosen selections, all find their 
meaning and inspiration in the flag. 

It was the first thought of the editor of this Manual to make 
an extended list of patriotic books for the use of pupils. But that 
does not fall within the province and scope of the law, and so no 
such bibliography appears. It is entirely right and commendable, 
however, for any teacher to point out to his pupils the sources of our 
histor}^ and to give them the knowledge of its facts. For this, any 
good text in United States History will sufhce. Upon the sentiment 
and romance of our history, the books are almost innumerable. Here 
again, the teacher's discretion and opportunity must be his guide. 

It may be that enthusiastic and progressive teachers \vill welcome 
the giving, from time to time, of what may be called a composite pro- 
gram. If so, take any program-subjects, such as liberty bell, sword, 
dove, shield, flag, let a pupil or pupils tell what each symbolizes, and 
then show what use any great statesman or statesmen made of these 
or similar symbols and what the symbols meant to them. Thus, to 
Abraham Lincoln, and through him to the people of this great nation, 
the liberty bell meant freedom; the sword, union; the dove, peace with 
honor; the shield, protection; the flag, loyalty. The possible combina- 
tions of such a plan are many, historically interesting, patriotically 
profitable. 

It is greatly to be desired that the ceremony of the " Transfer of 
Flags " be held in as many schools of the State as possible. Choose 
a national holiday for the exercise. In cities, let each school be repre- 
sented by a color-bearer with a flag. Range the delegates in semi- 
circle on the stage. In smaller places, put all the pupils, or as many 
as possible, upon the stage, accompanied by the flag in the hands 
of a color-bearer. Alike in cities and smaller places, let the flags to be 
transferred be those donated by G. A. R. Posts rather than those 
purchased by the city or district authorities under mandate of the 
State. Invite veterans, parents, friends. Arrange whatever patriotic 



xiv MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

exercises seem best, and near the close, let the teacher, or an old 
soldier, or some adult speaker, give a brief history or eulogy of the 
flag, exhort each new color-bearer to guard it sacredly, to do nothing 
that might bring dishonor to its unsullied colors. Then, at the word 
of command, *' Transfer flag!" let the color-bearer who has had the 
care of the flag for the past year hand it over to another who is to 
be its custodian for the year to come. It is an inspiring and memorable 
sight ! 

For several months, in the scant leisure of a busy life, I have 
wrought at the plan and making of this book. The task has been, to 
me, very pleasurable; I hope it may be to others most profitable — to 
teachers, by strengthening and clarifying their appreciation of the noble 
history of our common country; to the Young America of the Empire 
State, by the creation and exaltation of a pure-minded and intelligent 
patriotism. 

And so I drop my pen, with a silent salute and renewed pledge of 

allegiance to The Flag! 

W. K. W. 




CONTENTS. 



Page. 
Preface , iii 

Introduction , v 

Suggestions xi 

Group I. The Flag: 

Brief History of the Flag; The Stars; The Red, White and Blue; The 
Half-masted Flag; Saluting the Flag; Patriotic Pledges, Interspersed 
Patriotic Songs i 

Group II. The Flag Protects 

The Home; School; Capitol; Restored Union. Songs 37 

Group III. The Flag Waves Over 

The Camp; Hospital; Exposition Buildings; Consulate; Land and Sea. 

Songs 59 

Group IV. The Flag is Symbolized by 

The Liberty Cap; Liberty Bell; Sword and Dove; Eagle; Shield. Songs.. 95 
Group V. The Flag Illumines the Tableaux 

Of the Minute Man; Departure and Return of States; March of Flags; 

Army and Navy; Homage to Columbia 141 

" — Concluded — The Flag Glorifies the Patriotic Utterances 

Of Longfellow, Whittier, Holmes, Lowell 152 

Group VI. The Flag Recalls 

Columbus Day; Landing of the Pilgrims; Lexington and Concord; Fourth 

of July; Yorktown. Songs 155 

The Flag Hallows Memorial Day: 

Prologue: General Grant and the Civil War; Admiral Dewey and the Spanish- 
American War; Quotations. Songs 185 

In Memoriam May 30th. Selections and Songs 227 

The Flag Consecrates the Birthday of George Washington: 

Selections, Quotations and Songs 241 

(XV) 



xvi CONTENTS. 

The Flag Blesses the Birthday of Abraham Lincoln : Pagk. 

Selections, Quotations and Songs 267 

Flag-Day Makes Sacred June 14TH: 

Selections, Quotations and Songs 299 

Selections — in Prose and Poetry — on 

Patriotism.. ^29 

Declaration of Independence 051 

Constitution of the United States 053 

Liberty 355 

Union 35g 

Citizenship -55 

Our Country: 

Quotations 3^2 

The Nobility of Labor '. . 383 

Important Dates in American History ^ 38g 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

GROUP I. 
THE FLAG. 

1. Brief History of the Flag Song, America. 

2. The STi RS Song, The Star-Spangled Banner. 

3. The Red, White and Blue Song, The Red, White and Blue. 

4. The Half-Masted Flag. 
Saluting the Flag Song, A Song of the Flag. 



' Patriotic Pledges Song, The Waving Flag. 



AMERICA. 



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with rap 
their si 
■by 



i ^ 



tain side 
ture thrills 
lence break,- 
Thy might, 



Let free 

Like that 

The sound 

Great God, 



dom 
a 

pro 
our 



T — 

ring! 
bove. 
long. 

King! 



i 



A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE FLAG. 




HERE were many flags of many kinds in our country 
in colonial times — long, long ago. The most 
famous one, perhaps, was that which was raised^ 
for the first time, on January 2, 1776, over the camp 
of the Continental forces at Cambridge. In mid- 
May of the same year, a flag of like design floated 
over the Capitol at Williamsburg. Thus, under 
similar flags, the great colony of Massachusetts and 
that of Virginia together marched towards the free- 
dom they so much wished to see. 

There is good reason to believe, also, that the 
famous naval hero, Paul Jones, was the first man in 
the world to hoist a similar flag upon a regular man-of-war. Nor 
was it long before a sixteen-gun brig, " The Reprisal," commanded by 
Capt. Lambert Wickes, sailing from home soon after the adoption of 
the Declaration of Independence, carried the flag across the seas and 
unfurled it in the harbors of the Old World. 

So, both on land and sea, at home and abroad, waved that Con- 
tinental Banner which seemed to stretch its folds, like hands of wel- 
come, to greet a new nation. 

The first real American flag had its origin in the following resolu- 
tion adopted by the American Congress, June 14, 1777: ^'Resolved, 
That the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes alternate 
red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, 
representing a new constellation." 

But the flag thus resolved upon could not make itself. So, a 
committee of Congress, accompanied by Washington, sought out the 
home and services of Mrs. Elizabeth Ross of Philadelphia — better 
known as '' Betsy Ross " — to aid them in the flag-making. Her skill- 
ful hands and v/illing heart soon worked out a plan, and gave to this 

(5) 



6 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

country that red, white and blue banner which' is the admiration of 
all nations and the unfailing joy of every true American. 

What a pleasant sight it must have been to see Mistress Betsy 
Ross, that good dame of Revolutionary days, at work upon that new 
flag which nowadays we call " the dear old flag." Well may we 
believe that she had a thoughtful yet serene face; that she loved her 
country with a deep and tender love. For, indeed, it was her country, 
though not then free from the grasp of King George. Who can tell 
vvhat a help the sight of the new flag was in gaining that independence 
vv^hich has made our land so great and happy? No wonder that an 
association has been formed to buy and keep, for patriotic purposes, 
the home in which was made, by the hands of Betsy Ross, the first real 

American flag. *- 

^- ^ ■■■' \. . €'^i fe""^' * 

How old, then, is the flag? Less than ai- century and a quarter, 

you see. Yet, curiously enough, it is older than the present banner 

of Great Britain, adopted in 1801; or Spain's, 1785; or the French 

tricolor, 1794; or the flag of the Empire of Germany, 1870. Thus the 

fxag seems as old as though it had lived for centuries. 

What a history the flag has had since those early days when 
Washington looked upon it as he stood under the old Elm at Cam- 
bridge! The thirteen stars and thirteen stripes were unfurled at the 
battle of Brandywine, in 1777; they were at Germxantown in October 
of the same year; in the same red-leaved month they sang their song 
of triumph over defeated Burgoyne at Saratoga; they helped to cheer 
the hungry and half-clad patriot soldiers at Valley Forge; they saw 
the surrender of the enemy at Yorktown; they fluttered their " Good- 
bye " to the British evacuating New York; they made glorious with 
their sky-born colors the drear}^ years of the R-evolution. 

In the W^ar of 181 2, the sea breezes blew over no American ship 
that did not have the flag of the stars and stripes at its fore; its folds 
seemed to be filled with voices that called aloud the names of gallant 
seamen — LawTence, Perry, Hull, Decatur, and many others whose 
names will never perish. 

In the Mexican War, fought in the forties, our flag was carried 
into foreign territory, and waved over many places of great historic 
fame. It is true that not all of our citizens approved of that war, but 



THE FLAG. y 

the flag itself was not allowed to suffer harm; on the contrary, it waved 
triumphant in the very " halls of the Montezumas." 

As for the Civil War, what veteran soldier cannot tell of the trials 
and triumphs of the four memorable years from 1861 to 1865? Then 
it seem^ed, again and again, as though the flag would be rent in twain, 
and the States be severed, never to reunite. Yet to-day we know a 
grander Union than ever before. 

It remained for the Spanish-American War, however, to make 
this reunion clear and strong — beyond a doubt or shadow. Men of 
the North and men of the South clasped hands and marched and sailed 
away, under the same dear flag, to fight on foreign soil for freedom 
to the down-trodden of earth. 

But we must not think that it is only in time of war that the flag 
has a history. It has a far more cheering and pleasant histor)^ in 
times of peace. There is always something sad about war, even when 
the flags are raised to celebrate a victory. For the victory has cost 
a great many brave m.en their lives, and that always saddens the 
Nation's heart. But in a time of peace, how proudly the flag floats 
over our homes and schools; "on land and sea, and in every wind 
under the whole heavens." Then the people are happy, because there 
is no loss of life among them by means of war; fathers stay at home 
and enjoy peace and quiet; their sons are at school or college, in 
business or working at a trade. On holidays the streets are thronged 
with happy people, children are at their games or play, or perhaps are 
in school celebrating the lives and deeds of men and women who have 
helped to make our country so strong and great among the nations of 
the world. And this is the peaceful and happy way in which our 
nation has spent most of its time since the close of the Revolutionary 
War. During more than a hundred years, the whole time occupied 
by war has been less than ten years. Those ten years show that we 
can fight when it is necessary to defend our country, keep our free- 
dom unharmed, our flag unstained; but they also show that we do 
not fight unless we must for the honor of the flag. They show, also, 
that we do not go to war merely for the sake of gaining territory from 
nations that are weak, nor simply to humble the pride of nations that 
are saucy and strong. 



8 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

How different is the story of the nations of the Old World, and 
of the many little countries or repubHcs of South America in the New 
World! Their citizens seem so fond of killing each other that some of 
them keep at it most of the time, until their war-ofBces are filled with 
blood-stained battle-flags that they have carried with them into war, 
or have taken from their enemies, — very much as wild Indians might 
hang up in their wigwams, or fasten at their belts, the scalps they have 
taken from their victims. 

Oh, let us not do anything like that in our dear country. Let us 
rather set the flag flying, and watch it as it waves over a land of peace 
and plenty, — a land where the farmer may till the ground, the mechanic 
work in busy shops, the merchant buy and sell in his store, and thou- 
sands of merry boys and girls troop to school — everybody at work, 
and all in quiet and security because the Red, White and Blue waves 
triumphant over a happy, peaceful land. *" 

Surely it is well for Young America to honor a flag which has 
such resistless Power and gives such adequate Protection in time of 
peace. The flag stands for so much that is worth having and saving; 
it means so much to every citizen, young or old, that no honor paid to 
it can be too great. To be good citizens — keeping the laws, obedient 
to all rightful authority, merciful in the treatment of animals, kind- 
hearted and sympathetic towards the unfortunate, mindful ever of the 
good name and fame of our country, — all these things are quiet yet 
potent ways of doing honor to the flag. Many a veteran, reposing 
in well-earned quiet after marching and battling, is content to gaze 
till his eyes brim with tears at the flag that speaks to him so eloquently 
of days that are gone, of conflicts that are over, of the dearly-boiight 
victories of Peace. 

But the eyes of children dance with joy when they see the flag, 
and they must needs speak and sing and act that joy. And so, it is 
wise to provide some way by which they may use their young voices 
and their ever-moving feet and hands. 



THE FLAG. 



OUR FLAG. 



Fling it from mast and steeple, 

Symbol o'er land and sea 
Of the life of a happy people, 

Gallant and strong and free. 
Proudly we view its colors, 

Flag of the brave and true, 
With the clustered stars and the steadfast bars, 

The red, the white, and the blue. 

Flag of the fearless hearted. 

Flag of the broken chain, 
Flag in a day-dawn started,, 

Never to pale or wane. 
Dearly we prize its colors. 

With the heaven-light breaking through, 
The clustered stars and the steadfast bars, 

The red, the white, and the blue. 

Flag of the sturdy fathers. 

Flag of the loyal sons. 
Beneath its folds it gathers 

Earth's best and noblest ones. 
Boldly we wave its colors. 

Our veins are thrilled anew; 
By the steadfast bars, the clustered stars, 

The red, the white, and the blue. 

— Margaret E. Sangster. 



10 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

THE FLAG THAT HAS NEVER KNOWN DEFEAT. 

On history's crimson pages, high up on the roll of fame, 

The story of Old Glory burns, in deathless words of flame. 

'Twas cradled in war's blinding smoke, amid the roar of guns, 

Its lullabies were battle-cries, the shouts of Freedom's sons; 

It is the old red, white, and blue, proud emblem of the free, 

It is the flag that floats above our land of liberty. 

Then greet it, when you meet it, boys, the flag that waves on high; 

And hats ofi, all along the line, when Freedom's flag goes by. 



All honor to the Stars and Stripes, our glory and our pride, 
All honor to the flag for which our fathers fought and died; 
On many a blood-stained battle-field, on many a gory sea. 
The flag has triumphed; evermore triumphant may it be. 
And since again, 'mid shot and shell, its folds must be unfurled, 
God grant that we may keep it still unstained before the world. 
All hai) the flag we love, may it victorious ever fly, 
And hats off, all along the line, when Freedom's flag goes by. 

— Charles L. Benjamin and George D. Sutton. 



OLD FLAG FOREVER. 

She's up there, — Old Glory, — where lightnings are sped; 
She dazzles the nations with ripples of red; 
And she'll wave for us living, or droop o'er us dead, — 
The flag of our country forever! 

She's up there, — Old Glory, — how bright the stars stream! 
And the stripes like red signals of liberty gleam! ^ 

And we dare for her, living, or dream the last dream, 
'Neath the flag of our country forever! 

She's up there, — Old Glory, — no tyrant-dealt scars. 
No blur on her brightness, no stain on her stars! 
The brave blood of heroes hath crimsoned her bars. 
She's the flag of our country forever! 

-^ Frank L. St anion. 




THE STARS. 

HIRTEEN, and only thirteen stripes, — " alternate 
red and white," are on every American flag, no 
matter when made. These stripes tell us of the 
thirteen colonies that together fought the battles 
of the Revolution, and afterward entered into an 
enduring Union under the Constitution. Let us 
take here the roll-call of that noble band of sister 
colonies : 



Delaware 

Pennsylvania 

New Jersey 

Georgia 

Connecticut 

Massachusetts 



Maryland 
South Carolina 
New Hampshire 
Virginia 
New York 
North Carolina 



Rhode Island. 



Yes, the stripes that run their bright bands of color along the 
length of the flag never number more nor less than thirteen. Not so 
with the stars, — for each new State, a new star. As the evening of 
a clear night draws on, have you not watched the stars one by one 
" peep through the blanket of the dark? " So' in our country's sky, 
State after State, like star after star in the heavens, has flashed upon 
our sight until, in the closing year of the century, the " blue field " is 
filled with the radiant splendor of a '' constellation " of forty-five 
States. 

This is the order in which they entered the Union: Vermont 
(1791), Kentucky (1792), Tennessee (1796), Ohio (1802), Louisiana 
(1812), Indiana (1816), Mississippi (1817), Illinois (1818), A.labam.a 
(1819), Maine (1820), Missouri (1821), Arkansas (1836), Michi- 
gan (1837), Florida (1845), Texas (1845), Iowa (1846), Wisconsin 

(II) 



12 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

(1848), California (1850), Minnesota (1858), Oregon (1859), Kansas 
(1861), West Virginia (1863), Nevada (1864), Nebraska (1867), Colo- 
rado (1876), North Dakota (1889), South Dakota (1889), Montana 
(1889), Washington (1889), Idaho (1890), Wyoming (1890), Utah 
(1896). 

And here is the list of territories which may yet shine as States: 
New Mexico, Arizona, Alaska, Indian Territory, Oklahoma,— though 
perhaps not as States of the first magnitude. 



THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER. 



Solo or Quarte'] 



Francis Scott Key, 



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say, can you see, by the dawn's ear - ly ligh t, What so proud -ly we hail'd at the 
On the shore dim -ly seen thro' the mists of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread 
And where i§ that band who so vaunt-ing - ly swore, That the hav - oc of war and the 
Oh, thus be it ev - er when free-men shall stand Be - tween their loved home and wild 



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twi-light's last gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars,thro' the per - il - ous fight. O'er the 

si - lence re - po - ses. What is that which the breeze, o'er the tow - er - ing steep, As it 

bat -tie's con-fu - sion, A . . . home and a coun - try should leave us no more? Their 

war's des - o - la - tion ; Blest with vie - fry and peace, may the heav'n-res - cued land Praise the 



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ram-parts we watch'd,were so gal - lant - ly stream-ing? And the rock - ets' 
fit - f ul - ly blows, l^^alf con-ceals, h^f dis-clos 
blood has wash'd out their foul foot - steps'pol - lu 
pow'r that hath made and pre-serv'd us a na 



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es? Now it 
tion. No 
tion ! Then 



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red glare, the bombs 
catch - es the gleam of the 
ref - uge could save the 
con - quer we must, when our 

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burst-ing in air. Gave proof 
morn-ing's first beam, In full glo • 
hire-ling and slave From the ter - 
cause it is just. And this 



thro'the night that our flag was still 

• ry re - fleet -ed,now shines on the 

ror of flight or the gloom of the 

be our mot - to : "In God is our 



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there. Oh, say,does that 

stream : 'Tis the star-spangled 

grave : And the star-spangled 

trust !"And the star-spangled 



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star -span-gled ban - ner yet 
ban - ner : oh, long may it 
ban - ner in tri - umph doth 
ban - ner in tri - umph shall 



^ y " 
wave O'er the land 
wave O'er the land 
wave O'er the land 
wave O'er the land 



of the free, 

of the free, 

of the free, 

of the free, 



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and the home of the brave? 

and the home of the brave, 

and the home of the brave, 

and the home of the brave. 



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THE FLAG. 



SELECTIONS. 



15 



It is the flag of history. Those thirteen stripes tell the story of 
cnr colonial struggle, of the days of '76. They speak of the savage 
wilderness, of old Independence Hall, of Valley Forge and Yorktown. 
Those stars tell the story of our nation's growth, how it has come from 
weakness to strength, until its gleam, in the sunrise over the forests of 
Maine, crimsons the sunset's dying beams on the golden sands of 
California. — ^. L. Waterhiiry. 

It is a little thing, perchance, to put the stars and stripes a few 
miles nearer to the pole than has been put the flag of any other nation ; 
but yet, somehow or other, that fact appeals to us as Americans. — 
Adolphus W. Greeley. 

Two years ago, I saw a sight that has ever been present in my 
memory. As we were going out of the harbor of Newport, about mid- 
night, on a dark night, some of the officers of the torpedo station had 
prepared for us a beautiful surprise. The flag at the depot station 
was unseen in the darkness of the night, when suddenly, electric search- 
lights were turned on it, bathing it in a flood of light. All below the 
flag was hidden, and it seemed to have no touch with earth, but to 
hang from the battlements of heaven. It was as if heaven was approv- 
ing the human liberty and human equality, typified by that flag. — 
Benjamin Harrison. 

THE BANNER OF THE STARS. 
Hurrah! boys, hurrah! Fling our banner to the breeze! 

Let the enemies of freedom see its folds again unfurled. 
And down with the pirates that scorn upon the seas 

Our victorious Yankee banner, sign of freedom to the world! 

Chorus* We'll never have a new flag, for ours is the true flag, 
The true flag, the true flag, the red, white, and blue flag. 
Hurrah! boys, hurrah! we will carry to the wars, 
The old flag, the free flag, the banner of the stars. 

And what though its white shall be crimsoned with our blood? 

And what though its stripes shall be shredded in the storms? 
To the torn flag, the worn flag, we'll keep our promise good, 

And we'll bear the starry blue field, with gallant hearts and arms. 

— R. W. Raymond. 



1 6 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM, 

A VISION OF THE STARS. 

His lonely watch a sentinel was keeping, 

While stars were shining clear; 
Within their tents the wearied hosts were sleeping, 

And home in dreams seemed near. 

Near by, in peace, the broad Potomac river 

Ran fleetly on and free, 
And waves, like shafts from full and silver quiver, 

Shot onward to the sea. 

Such was the scene of rare and tranquil beauty, 

That met the soldier's gaze, 
And blended with his thoughts of present duty, 

The light of other days. 

'Neath roof-tree quiet, far remote, were sleeping 

Those whom he loved so well — 
Dreaming perchance of him, or fondly weeping 

At thought of War's dread spell. 

Then as he paced, his watchful eyes upturning. 

He saw the arching sky. 
Where countless stars in silence clear were burning, 

Bespeaking peace on high. 

And gazing thus, he straightway fell to musing 

Upon that wondrous dome, — 
And in his wrapt imaginings was losing. 

For once, the thought of home. 

To him, that might)' dome the Union seeming, 

The stars were soldiers true 
That stood in ranks with watchful eyes a-gleaming. 

And great souls flashing through. 

" No hand," he cried, as raptured he stood gazing, 

" Can hurl the Union down, 
Or pluck from out that dome of might amazing. 

The stars within its crown." 



THE FLAG. ^y 

But as he spake a cloud came blackly drifting 

Across the welkin blue, 
And spreading ever, threatening, dense and shifting, 

Hid every star from view. 

*' Alas/' cried he, " is this the war's dread token? 

The stars all swept away. 
The dome of Union, lost to man, and broken, 

Forever and for aye?" 

Slow grew his step as on he paced, — and musing, 

Sad grew his heart, — 
The portent seemed so direful, so confusing. 

The tears began to start! 

But lo! once more, through tears, his eyes up-glancing, 

The clouds are passing by! 
He sees the dome, and stars with light entrancing, 

Still w^atching in the sky! 

Gone are his fears. Exultant hear him crying, 

" The clouds of War will flee. 
And stars of Peace yet chant in chorus vying, 

* Union and Liberty.' " 



Ah, lonely sentinel, let not thy vision, 

Though now fulfilled, e'er cease; 
Still point the Nation to the fields Elysian, — 

Thy chosen watchword — Peace. 

— W. K. W. 



l8 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

THE FLAG OF THE CONSTELLATION. 

The stars of our morn on our banner borne. 

With the iris of heaven are blended, 
The hands of our sires first mingled those fires 

And by us they shall now be defended! 
Then hail the true — the Red, White, and Blue, 

The flag of the Constellation; 
It sails as it saijed, by our forefathers hailed, 

O'er battles that made us a nation. 

What hand so bold to strike from its fold. 

One star or stripe of its bright'ning; 
To him be each star a fiery Mars, 

Each stripe a terrible lightning. 
Then hail the true, — etc. 

Its meteor form shall ride the storm 

Till the fiercest of foes surrender; 
The storm gone by, it shall gild the sky, 

As a rainbow of peace and splendor. 
Then hail the true, — etc. 

Peace, peace to the world — is our motto unfurled, 

Tho' we shun not a field that is gory; 
At home or abroad, fearing none but our God, 

We will carve out our pathway to gjory! 
Then hail the true, — etc. 

— ■ T. Buchanan Read. 




THE RED, WHITE AND BLUE. 

HEN children pick a flower to pieces, just to see how it is 
made, casting its petals to the ground — that destroys both 
its bright colors and its fragrance. Not so w^hen they first 
look at the flag, see that it is made up of three colors, and 
then try to find out with the '' mind's eye " what each color 
stands for. That is a very pleasant and a very profitable exercise. 
Now, while it would be a good thing for the boys and girls in a school 
to think out the meaning of the tricolor for themselves, it will do no 
harm to give them a hint upon which they may work. 

Take then the red. Did you ever think how the red tide which 
we call '* blood " courses through the body, and how it suppUes the 
very life-power of the body? So, the red in the flag is the symbol of the 
life of the nation. And again: When you read how the life-blood 
of men is poured out upon the battle-field, how can you help thinking 
of the bravery of those men! So, the red of the flag speaks of Courage. 
That for which white stands, the world over, is purity. So, the 
white in the flag proclaims that sense of Honor which is the safeguard 
and strength of the nation — that feeling and conscience which keep 
the citizen from doing anything which will offend against the law or 
weaken the moral power of the nation. 

Who does not know that blue stands for loyalty? WhO' has not 
heard the expression '' true blue? " So, the blue in the flag means 
Patriotism — that steadfastness of purpose, that devotion to native land, 
which makes the citizen proud of every noble deed of his countrymen, 
and willing to undergo any trials for her dear sake. 

(19) 



20 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



SELECTIONS. 

THE RIGHT OF THE LINE. 

When man with things mortal is through, 

When time shall its sceptre resign, 
When follows the final review, 

Who shall hold the right of the line? 
The Captain shall make the award, 

Fit place unto each shall assign. 
Who, who in Thine army, O Lord, 

Shall be given the right of the line? 



The nation which gains the award, 

Which wins by the right that's divine. 
Which holds by the will of the Lord, 

LTnchallenged, the right of the line; 
Shall blazon her banner with stars, 

Stars brighter the sky never knew — 
Shall deck it with rainbow-hued bars, 

The Red and the White and the Blue! 

Our country! to Liberty true, 

Which ne'er in her service shall fail, 
Resisting the rule of the few 

That thus may the many prevail. 
Our country! which fights the good fight 

For manhood where'er it may be, 
Which stands for the right 'gainst the might, 

Inspiring all lands to be free. 

'Tis she who shall be of best cheer 

When summoned to final review; 
She'll answer with never a fear — 

No trembling for those that are true; 
All hail her! 'neath Heaven's blue arch 

No flag can the Union's outshine, 
And they who beneath it shall march 

Will be found at the right of the line. 



THE FLAG. 21 

O goddess of learning, whene'er 

A temple is reared unto thee, 
Raised high let our banner appear, 

The beautiful flag of the free; 
For know that whene'er 'tis unfurled, 

Thou best canst thy mission pursue. 
Thy torch shall illumine the world, 

Beaming bright 'neath the red, white and blue. 

O goddess of learning, whene'er 

A temple is reared unto thee. 
Raised high let our banner appear, 

The beautiful flag of the free. 
Thus they who its splendors behold. 

Shall learn as its fame they recall, 
A lesson more precious than gold — 

The duty of each unto all. 

As they gaze their souls shall expand. 

Till in ecstacy rises their cry, 
" We also at Freedom's command, 
Shall count it all honor to die. 
To our sires we swear to be true. 
Whose memory ever shall shine. 
And m.arch in the final review, 
With them at the right of the line." 

— Wm. H. McElroy. 
[Read before the Albany High School on the occasion of presentation of flags b}'" 
the Grand Army of the Republic] 

At Oriskany five British standards were captured, and upon return- 
ing to Fort Stanwix they were hoisted and above them an uncouth 
flag, intended to represent the American stars and stripes. 

This rude banner, hastily extemporized out of a white shirt, an 
old blue coat, and some stripes of red flannel, was the first American 
flag with stars and stripes ever hoisted in victory. 

It was flung to the breeze on the memorable day of Oriskany, 
August 6, 1777. 

The following explanation of the colors and symbolic meaning 
of the '' Stars and Stripes," was written by a member of the old Con- 
tinental Congress, to whom, with others, was committed the duty of 
selecting a flag for the infant confederacy: 



22 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

'' The stars of the new flag represent the constellation of States ris- 
ing in the West. The idea was taken horn the constellation Lyra, 
which in the hand of Orpheus signifies harmony. The blue in the field 
was taken from the edges of the Covenanter's banner in Scotland, 
significant of the league covenant of the United Colonies against op- 
pression, involving the virtues of vigilance, perseverance and justice. 
The stars were in a circle, symbolizing the perpetuity of the Union; 
the ring, like the circling serpent of the Egyptians, signifying eternity. 
The thirteen stripes showed with the stars, the number of the United 
Colonies, and denoted the subordination of the States to the Union, 
as well as equality among themselves. The whole was the blending of 
the various flags previous to the Union flag, viz. : The red flag of the 
armies and the white of floating batteries. The red color, which in 
the Roman day was the signal of defiance, denotes daring, the blue 
fidelity, and the white purity.'' 

There is the national flag! He must be cold, indeed, who can 
look upon its folds rippling in the breeze without pride of country. If 
he be in a foreign land, the flag is companionship, and country itself, 
with all its endearments. Who, as he sees it, can think of a State 
merely? Whose eye, once fastened upon its radiant trophies, can fail 
to recognize the image of the whole nation? 

It has been called a " floating piece of poetry; " and yet, I know 
not if it have any intrinsic beauty beyond other ensigns. Its highest 
beauty is in what it symbolizes. It is because it represents all, that 
all gaze at it with delight and reverence. It is a piece of bunting, lifted 
in the air; but it speaks sublimely, and every part has a voice. 'Its 
stripes of alternate red and white proclaim the original union of thirteen 
States to maintain the Declaration of Independence. Its stars, white 
on a field of blue, proclaim that union of States constituting our 
national constellation, which receives a new star with every new State. 
The two, together, signify union, past and present. The very colors 
have a language which was oflicially recognized by our fathers. White 
is for purity, red for valor, blue for justice; and all together, bunting, 
stripes, stars, and colors, blazing in the sky, make the flag of our 
country, to be cherished by all our hearts, to be upheld by all our 
hands. — Charles Sumner. 



THE RED, WHITE, AND BLUE. 



D. T. Shaw. 



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The home of the brave and the free, The 

And threaten'dthe land to de - form. The 

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THE HALF-MASTED FLAG. 

f T is well for us to keep in mind not only the birthdays of the 
men who have done great deeds for their country, but on 
•^ certain occasions also their deathdays. Thus, the one 
hundredth anniversary of the death of George Washington 
was observed on December 14, 1899, in many places, by 
many people. At such a time, the flag is not raised clear to 
the top of the pole or '' mast," but about half-way, — and so we 
get the words, '' the flag at half-mast," as a symbol of the sorrow 
of the true patriots for a great soldier and statesman dying long 
ago (like Washington), or perhaps for one just fallen out from the 
ranks of the living, like that brave sailor, Lieut. Brumby (died Decem- 
ber 17, 1899), the flag lieutenant of Admiral Dewey. This heroic 
officer and faithful friend of the Admiral stood by him in the great 
naval fight at Manila. Daring and devoted as he was, why should not 
the flags throughout his native State of Georgia be placed at half- 
mast, and his fellow-citizens recall and record his bravery and 
patriotism? 

So it is by keeping in remembrance the brave deeds of those 
patriots who have died — by telling over again and again the story 
of their loyalty — by visiting the places made famous by them, — by 
all these things and in many other ways, that children even may learn 
many a lesson in true patriotism; and the half-masted flag teaches the 
lesson. 

SELECTIONS. 

HOW SLEEP THE BRAVE ! 

Hoiw sleep the brave, who sink to rest 
With all their country's wishes blest! I 

When Spring, with dewy fingers cold, 
Returns to deck their hallowed mould, 
She there shall dress a sweeter sod I 

Than Fancy's feet have ever trod. I 

(25) I 



26 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

By fairy hands their knell is rung; 
By forms unseen their dirge is sung; 
There Honor comes, a pilgrim gray 
To bless the turf that wraps their clay; 
And Freedom shall awhile repair. 
To dwell a weeping hermit there. 

— William Collins. 

The past rises before me like a dream. Again we are in the great 
struggle for national life. We hear the sounds of preparation, the 
music of the boisterous drums, the silvery voices of heroic bugles. 
We see thousands of assemblages, and hear the appeals of orators; 
we see the pale cheeks of women, and the flushed faces of men, and 
in those assemblages we see all the dead whose dust we have covered 
with flowers. We lose sight of them no more. "^^ * * We see 
them all as they march proudly away under the flaunting flags, keeping 
time to the wild, grand music of war, marching down the streets of 
the great cities, through the towns and across the prairies down to 
the fields of glory, to do and to die for the eternal right. We go with 
them one and all. We are by their side on all the gory fields, in all 
the hospitals of pain, on all the weary marches. We stand guard with 
them in the wild storm and under the quiet stars. We are with them 
in ravines running with blood, in the furrows of old fields. We are 
with them between contending hosts, unable to move, wild with thirst, 
the life ebbing slowly away among the withered leaves. We see them 
pierced by balls and torn with shells in the trenches by forts, and in 
the whirlwind of the charge, where men become iron, with nerves of 
steel. We are at home when the news comes that they are dead. We 
see the maiden in the shadow of her first sorrow. We see the silvered 
head of the old man bowed with the last grief. These heroes are 
dead. They died for liberty. They died for us. They are at rest. 
They sleep in the land they made free, under the flag they rendered 
stainless, under the solemn pines, the sad hemlocks, the tearful wil- 
lows, and the embracing vines. They sleep beneath the shadows of 
the clouds, careless alike of sunshine or of storm, each in the window- 
less palace of rest. Earth may run red with other wars; they are at 
peace. In the midst of battle, in the roar of conflict, they found the 
serenity of death. I have one sentiment for the soldiers living and 
dead: Cheers for the livino^, and tears for the dead. — Robert G. IngersolL 



THE FLAG. 



THE PHANTOM ARMY. 
And I saw a phantom army come, 
With never a sound of fife or drum, 
But keeping step to a muffled hum 

Of wailing lamentation; 
The martyred heroes of Malvern Hill, 
Of Gettysburg and Chancellorsville, 
The men whose wasted bo"dies fill 

The patriot graves of the nation. 

And there came the unknown dead, the men 
Who died in fever-swamp and fen. 
The slowly starved of prison pen; 

And marching beside the others, 
Came the dusky martyrs of Pillow's fight. 
With limbs enfranchised and hearing bright, 
I thought — 'twas the pale moonlight — 

They looked as white as their brothers. 

And so all night marched the nation's dead, 
With never a banner above them spread, 
No sign, save the bare, uncovered head 

Of the silent, grim Reviewer; 
With never an arch but the vaulted sky, 
With not a flower save those which lie 
On distant graves, for love could buy 

No gift that was purer or truer. 

So all night long moved the strange array. 
So all night long till the break of day 
I watched for one who had passed away 

With a reverent awe and wonder; 
Till a blue cap waved in the lengthening line. 
And I knew that one who was kin of mine 
Had come, and I spoke — and lo! that sign 

Wakened me from my slumber. 

— Bret Harte. 



27 



28 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



THE BIVOUAC OF THE DEAD. 

The muffled drum's sad roll has beat 

The soldier's last tattoo; 
No more on Life's parade shall meet 

That brave and fallen few. 
On Fame's eternal camping ground 

Their silent tents are spread, 
And Glory guards with solemn round, 

The bivouac of the dead. 



Thus 'neath their parent turf, they rest, 

Far from the gory field, 
Borne to a Spartan mother's breast 

On many a bloody shield. 
The sunshine of their native sky 

Smiles sadly on them here, 
And kindred eyes and hearts watch by 

The heroes' sepulchre. 

Rest on, embalmed and sainted dead; 

Dear is the blood you gave. 
No impious footsteps here shall tread 

The herbage of your grave. 
Nor shall your glory be forgot 

While Fame her record keeps. 
Or Honor points the hallowed spot 

Where Valor proudly sleeps. 



[It was a Southern soldier, Theodore O'Hara, of Kentucky, who wrote the 
immortal lines above since cast in bronze, and placed in the national cemeteries where 
lie the soldiers who fell for the Union. This refers to last stanza only.] 



DIRGE FOR A SOLDIER. 



Close his eyes; his work is done! 

What to him is friend or foeman, 
Rise of moon or set of sun. 

Hand of man or kiss of woman? 



Lay him low, lay him low, 
In the clover or the snow! 
What cares he? He cannot know; 
Lay him low. 



THE FLAG. ^9 

Fold him in his country's stars, 

Roll the drum and fire the volley! 
What to him are all our wars? 

What but death-bemocking folly? 

Leave him to God's watching eye; 

Trust him to the ""Hand that made him. 
Mortal love weeps idly by, 

God alone has power to aid him. 

— George Henry Boker. 



Let them rest where nodding clover 
Covers husband, friend and lover, 
Where the long cool grass leans over, 

And the stars their watches keep; 
Where, with drov/sy murmurings 
Haunts the bees with tireless wings; 
Where all night the cricket sings. 

Let them sleep. 



Under the guns of the fort on the hill, 
Daisies are blossoming, buttercups fill; 
Up the grey ramparts the scaling vine flings 
High its green ladders, and falters and clings. 

Under the guns, 
Under the guns of the fort on the hill. 

Under the guns of the fort on the hill, 
Once shook the earth with the cannonade's thrill; 
Once trod those buttercups feet that, nov/ still, 
Lie all at rest, in the trench by the mill. 

Under the guns, 
Under the guns of the fort on the hill. 



How they went forth to die! 
Pale, earnest thousands, from the busy mills, 
And sun-browned thousands from the han^est hills, 
Quick, eager thousands from the busy streets, 
And storm-tossed thousands from the fishers' fleets, 

How they went forth to die! 



30 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

A SONG OF THE FLAG. 
(Air: Yankee Doodle — each stanza sung to first half of solo.) 

Roll a river wide and strong, 

Like the tides a-swinging; 
Lift the joyful floods of song, 

Set the mountains ringing. 

Chorus: Run the lovely banner high! 
Morning's crimson glory^ 
Field as blue as God's own sky, 
And every star a story. 

Drown the gun?, outsound the bells, 

In the rocking steeple, 
While the chorus throbs and swells 

Of a happy people. 

Chorus: Run the lovely banner, etc. 

For our darling flag we sing, 

Pride of all the nation. 
Flag that never knew a king. 

Freedom's constellation. 

Chorus: Run the lovely banner, etc. 

Blest be God, fraternal wars 

Once for all are ended, 
And the gashes and the scars 

Peace and time have mended. 
Chorus: Run the lovely banner, etc. 

Massachusetts, Maryland, 

Tennessee, Nebraska, 
One, Columbia's daughters stand 

From Georgia to Alaska. 

Chorus: Run the lovely banner, etc. 

Staff and masthead swing it forth — 

Liberty unblighted, 
West and East and South and North 
Evermore united! 
Chorus: Run the lovely banner, etc. 

— M. Woolsey Stryker. 




SALUTING THE FLAG. 

T is well for each boy and girl to own a flag — small and 
inexpensive, — or for each district to furnish a sufficient 
number. The flags can be lightly fastened upon the wall, 
transforming bare and cheerless spots into a bright glow 
of colors ; or, if patriotic pictures are on the walls, the flags 
may be draped about them with excellent effect. Another 
plan is to '' stack " the flags on the platform or stage, or place them in 
a rack provided for the purpose. 

Now, let us suppose that the day is so fair, the weather so fine, 
that the flags can be displayed out-of-doors. Good! give the chil- 
dren the blessed tonic of the fresh air. At a given signal, let each 
pupil take a flag from wall or stack or rack. Marshalling them into 
line, preceded, if convenient, by a standard-bearer carrying a good- 
sized flag or the school banner, let them march — singing a patriotic 
verse or two — till they come to the flagstaff on the school green, or 
to a spot whence they may see the flag at the roof-peak. Then, at a 
proper signal from the teacher, let them salute the flag and repeat in 
unison any one of the five pledge-forms printed below — then march 
back, '' stack arms " and resume seats — ready, if time permits, for 
any one of the many programs of this book. If the weather is so bad 
that the flag and the children must both stay in-doors, let the salute 
and pledge be given as before, and any ten-minute program be taken 
up, — the only difference between this and the out-door exercise being, 

that in this the flags are left in their places on platform or walls. 

(31) 



32 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

UNCOVER TO THE FLAG 

Uncover to the flag; bare head 

Sorts well with heart as, humbly bowed, 
We stand in presence of the dead 

Who make the flag their shroud. 

Uncover to the flag, for those 

Of Concord and of Bunker Hill, 
The first to fire on Freedom's foes, 

With shouts that echo still. 

Uncover to the flag, for him 

Who sang the song, the gallant Key, 
When in the dawn hour, gray and dim, 

He strained, its stars to see. 

Uncover to the flag, for one 

Who scorned to have his colors dip. 
And fighting all but flying none. 

Cried, " Don't give up the ship." 

Uncover to the flag, for him 

Who stoutly nailed it to the mast^ 
And dauntlessjy, or sink or swim, 

Stood by it to the last. 

Uncover to the flag; the land 

It floats above is one anew, — 
The North and South, now hand in hand, 

See God's skies, gray and blue. 

Uncover to the flag; it flew 

Above the men who manned the Maine, 
The pledge that we will mete the due 

Of vengeance out to Spain! 

Uncover to the flag; it stands 

For all of bravest, all of best, 
In us with flower-laden hands, 

In those who lie at rest. 

— E. C. Cheverton. 



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THE FLAG. 35 



PATRIOTIC PLEDGES. 

No. I. 

Flag of Freedom! true to thee, 

All our Thoughts, Words, Deeds shall be, — 

Pledging steadfast Loyalty! 

No. 2. 

The toil of our Hands, 
The thoughts of our Heads, 
The love of our Hearts, 
We pledge to our Flag! 

No. 3. 

By the Memories of the Past, 
By the Present, flying fast. 
By the Future, long to last, 
Let the dear Flag wave! 

No. 4. 
I pledge myself to stand by the Flag that stands for Loyalty, Liberty and Law! 

No. 5. 
The Youth's Companion " Pledge of Allegiance." (Right hand lifted, palm down- 
ward to a line with the forehead and close to it, standing thus, all repeat together 
slowly:) "I pledge allegiance to my Flag and to the Republic for which it stands; 
One Nation indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for All." (At the words "to my 
Flag," the right hand is extended gracefully, palm upward, towards the Flag and 
remains in this gesture to the end of the affirmation; whereupon all hands imme- 
diately drop to the side.) 

No. 6. 

CIVIC CREED FOR THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF THE GREAT REPUBLIC. 

God hath made one blood all nations of men, and we are His children, brothers 
and sisters all. We are citizens of these United States and we believe our flag 
stands for self-sacrifice for the good of all the people. We want, therefore, to be 
true citizens of our great country and will show our love for her by our works. Our 
country does not ask us to die for her welfare only, — she asks us to live for her, and 
so to live and so to act that her government may be pure, her officers honest, and 
every corner of her territory a place fit to grow the best men and women, who shall 
rule over her. I 



36 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



SPEECH AT TRANSFER OF FLAGS. 



Color-bearers of the public schools: When on the 17th of May last, the flags 
which you now bear were presented by the two posts of the G. A. R. of this city, 
you were chosen to represent your schools, because you were thought worthy. 

The veterans of the Civil War from whose hands you received them were 
men who had shown their loyalty upon bloody battle fields. Tliey felt that they 
were honored in intrusting to you these banners. Young hearts that should beat 
loyally through the years to come. Young hands that should ever be ready to 
strike in defense should the time ever demand it. 

After carefully guarding these banners for the time they have been in your 
custody, you are about to surrender them to other hands. They who follow you 
will in turn be as proud as you. In the years to come all of you will look back 
to your school days, and feel that the greatest honor bestowed upon you by your 
school was your selection as color-bearers. 

My children, you who are delegates from the various schools, this day and cere- 
mony mean much to you. It is not the flag, with its stripes and stars of red and 
white, its field of blue, that of itself means anything. The language it speaks is 
what you should heed, is that which makes it the flag of freedom. Read lessons 
from its beautiful folds as unfolding in the fresh breezes of the morning they are 
kissed by the bright sunlight. It tells us that it is not the flag of war, but the 
flag of peace and good will. Its mission is the friendship of the nations. 

But it also tells us that should it ever be necessary to strike against wrong that 
the blow will be heavy. If ever it is necessary to draw the sword in behalf of 
wronged or oppressed humanity that that sword will not be sheathed until the 
vv^rong is righted, and the hand of the oppressor raised. 

Learn that it teaches us to be good citizens, that in all civic affairs we should be 
upright and not seek of^ce for the sake of pelf. It teaches us that public duty is a 
trust which should be faithfully performed for the good of our country and not for 
personal aggrandizement. 

Go from here to-day impressed with the thought of being better men and women 
because you are to be citizens of this great country, and that you will do your best 
to make it better because you are citizens; then m.y children you shall best honor 
the flags, which we intrust to your color-bearers to-day. — W. H. Scott, G. A. R. 
■veteran. 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

GROUP II. 

THE FLAG PROTECTS 

1. Home Song, Home, Sweet Home. 

2. School Song, The Schoolhouse and the Flag. 

3. Capitol. . Song, The Star of Freedom. 

4. Restored Union Song, 0, Starry Flag of Union, Hail! 

(37) 

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HOME, SWEET HOME. 



John Howard Payne. 
1ST AND 2D Soprano. 



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3. An ex - ile fromhome,splendor daz-zles in vain; Oh, give me my low -lythatch'd 
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THE HOME. 

O need to ask you, my young friends, whether you 
love 3^our home. It is, indeed, as the good old song 
says, " the dearest spot of earth/' 

And yet, I wonder whether you ever think that 
it is only because of the shelter which the flag gives 
you that you have and enjoy your homes! If that 
flag-shelter were taken away, with it would pass at 
once the security of home. The flag, like a guardian angel, spreads its 
folds, like wings, above your dwellings, and guards them with unceas- 
ing care, and with all the mighty power of the government. Let the 
flag, then, fly over your homes. Place it upon the walls of your room, 
so that when morning carries the flaming torch of Day before your 
window, touching the red, white and blue with a fresh splendor, you 
may cry, as once did a famous knight of old, '' There's sunshine on the 
wall." 

SELECTIONS. 

HOME. 

Home's not merely four square walls, 

Though with pictures hung and gilded, — 
Home is where affection calls, 

Filled with shrines the heart hath builded. 
Home! Go watch the faithful dove 

Sailing 'neath the heaven above us. 
Home is where there's one to love; 

Home is where there's one to love us. 

Home's not merely roof and room. 

It needs something to endear it. 
Home is where the heart can bloom, 

Where there's some kind lip to cheer it. 
What is home with none to meet. 

None to welcome, none to greet us? 
Home is sweet and only sweet, 

When there's one we love to meet us. 

(41) — Charles S^vain. 



42 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

THE HOME. THE NATION'S SAFEGUARD. 

A few Sundays ago, I stood on a hill in Washington. My heart 

thrilled as I looked on the towering marble of my country's Capitol. 

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 

A few days later I visited a country home. A modest, quiet 
house, sheltered by great trees and set in a circle of field and meadow, 
gracious with the promise of harvest barns and cribs well filled and 
the old smokehouse odorous with treasure — the fragrance of pink 
and hollyhock mingling with the aroma of garden and orchard, and 
resonant with the hum of bees and poultry's busy clucking — inside 
the house, thrift, comfort, and that cleanliness that is next to godli- 
ness, and the old clock that had held its steadfast pace amid the frolic 
of weddings, and kept company with the watchers of the sick bed, 
and had ticked the solemn requiem for the dead; and the well-worn 
Bible that, thumbed by fingers long since stilled, and blurred with 
tears of eyes long since closed, held the simple annals of the family, 
and the heart and conscience of the home. Outside stood the master, 
strong and wholesome and upright; wearing no man's collar; with 
no mortgage on his roof, and no lien on his ripening harvest; pitching 
his crops in his own wisdom, and selling them in his own time in his 
chosen market; master of his lands and master of himself. Near by 
stood his aged father, happy in the heart and home of his son. And 
as they started to the house the old man's hands rested on the young 
man's shoulder, touching it with the knighthood of the fourth com- 
mandment, and laying there the unspeakable blessing of an honored 
and grateful father. As they drew near the door the old mother 
appeared; the sunset falHng on her face, softening its wrinkles and its 
tenderness, lighting up her patient eyes, and the rich music of her heart 
trembHng on her lips as in simple phrase she welcomed her husband 
and son to their home. Beyond was the good wife, happy amid her 
household cares. And the children, strong and sturdy, trooping down 
the lane with the lowing herd, or weary of simple sport, seeking, as 
truant birds do, the quiet of the old home nest. And I saw the night 
descend on that home. And the stars swarmed in the bending skies, 
and the father, a simple man of God, gathered the family about him, 



THE FLAG PROTECTS. 



43 



read from the Bible the old, old story of love and faith, and then closed 
the record of that simple day by calling down the benediction of God 
on the family and the home! 

And as I gazed, the memory of the great Capitol faded from my 
brain. Forgotten its treasure and its splendor. And I said, " Surely 
here — here in the homes of the people — is lodged the ark of the cove- 
nant of my country. Here is its majesty and its strength. Here the 
beginning of its power and the end of its responsibility." 

The home is the source of our national Hfe. Back of the national 
Capitol and above it stands the home. Back of the President and 
above him stands the citizen. What the home is, this and nothing 
else will the Capitol be. What the citizen wills, this and nothing else 
will the President be. — Henry W. Grady. 

MY COUNTRY. 

I love my country's pine-clad hills, 
Her thousand bright and gushing rills, 
./ Her sunshine and her storms; 

/ Her rough and rugged rocks that rear 

/ Their hoary heads high in the air 

/ In wild, fantastic forms. 

I love her rivers, deep and wide, 

] Those mighty streams that seaward glide 

\ To seek the ocean's breast; 

j- Her smiling fields, her pleasant vales, 

\ Her shady dells, her flowery dales, 

I The haunts of peaceful rest. 

i I love her forests, dark and lone, 

i For there the wild bird's merry tone 

Is heard from morn till night, 
And there are lovelier flowers, I v/een, 
; Than e'er in Eastern lands were seen, 

\ In varied colors bright. 

Her forests and her valleys fair, 

\ Her flowers that scent the morning air, 

\ Have all their charms for me; 

j 

I But more I love my country's name, 

I Those words that echo deathless fame, — 

\ "The land of liberty." 



44 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Oh, give me back my native hills, 
My daisied meads, and trouted rills. 

And groves of pine! 
Oh, give me, too, the mountain air, — • 
My youthful days without a care. 
When rose for me a mother's prayer, 

In tones divine! 

Long years have passed, — and I behold 
My father's elms and mansion old, — 

The brook's bright wave; 
But, ah! the scenes which fancy drew 
Deceived my heart, — the friends I knew 
Are sleeping now, beneath the yew, — 

Low in the grave! 

The sunny spots I loved so well, 
When but a child, seem like a spell 

Flung round the bier! 
The ancient wood, the clif?, the glade, 
Whose charms, methought, could never fade, 
Again I view, — yet shed, unstayed, 

The silent tear! 

Here let me kneel, and linger long, 
And pour, unheard, my native song, 

And seek relief! 
Like ocean's wave, that restless heaves, 
My days roll on, yet memory weaves 
Her twilight o'er the past, and leaves 

A balm for grief! 

Oh, that I could again recall 
My early joys, companions, all, 

That cheered my youth! 
But, ah, 'tis vain, — how changed am I! 
My heart hath learned the bitter sigh! 
The pure shall meet beyond the sky, — 

How sweet the truth! 



Hesperian. 



THE SCHOOLHOUSE AND THE FLAG. 



H. BUTTERWORTH. 

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owe to her name, To her years of pros-per - i - ty past and in store, — A hun-dred be- 
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From Levermore's "Academy Song Book," Ginn and Co., Publishers, by permissioQ. 




THE SCHOOL 

ET US all praise and thank the Legislature of our great 
Empire State for that law which compels every 
schoolhouse to keep the flag flying during school 
time. For if home is '' the dearest spot," hardly less 
pleasant should the schoolhouse be. And what can 
help so much to make it pleasant as the sight of the 
flag? Faces of the sunniest teachers will sometimes be overcast with 
clouds; pleasantest voices sometimes be edged with sharpness; sweetest 
tempers sometimes grow sour, like the richest cream after a thunder- 
storm; but the flag, ah, the flag! As it floats over the proudest or 
poorest schoolhouse in the State, it always greets you in the morning 
with a smile of welcome on its pleasant face, and when you start for 
home, waves its benediction over you, and shakes out from its folds this 
cheery voice: " Come again! I'll be here to greet you." 

SELECTIONS. 

THE SCHOOL LIBERTY'S SAFEGUARD. 

Our glorious Land to-day, 
'Neath Education's sway, 

Soars upward still. 
Its halls of learning fair, 
Whose bounties all may share, 
Behold them everywhere 

On vale and hill! 

Thy safeguard, Liberty, 
The school shall ever be, — 

Our Nation's pride! 
No tyrant's hand shall srnite. 
While with encircling might 
All here are taught the Right 

With Truth allied. 
(47) 



48 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Beneath Heaven's gracious will 
The star of Progress still 

Our course doth sway; 
In unity sublime 
To broader heights we climb, 
Triumphant over Time, 

God speeds our way! 

Grand birthright of our sires, 
Our altars and our fires 

Keep we still pure! 
Our starry flag unfurled, 
The hope of all the world, 
In peace and light impearled, 

God hold secure. 

— Samuel Francis Smith. 



THE COMMON SCHOOL. 

The sheet-anchor of the Ship of State is the common school. 
Teach, first and last, Americanism. Let no youth leave the school 
without being thoroughly grounded in the history, the principles, and 
the incalculable blessings of American liberty. Let the boys be the 
trained soldiers of constitutional freedom, the girls the intelligent 
mothers of freemen. American liberty must be protected. — Hon. 
Chauncey M. Depew. 

UNIVERSAL EDUCATION. 

The " fine, old conservative policy," as it was called two centuries 
ago, of " keeping subjects ignorant in order to make them submissive," 
has happily given place to one which seeks to educate all the people 
in order to preserve liberty, to enforce law, to develop manhood and 
womanhood, and to perpetuate the blessings of good government. 
Free common schools are open to-day all over our broad land. Col- 
leges and universities, high schools, and schools of professional and 
technical training offer their privileges to all who seek them. Two 
glorious centuries of educational growth, unmatched in the history 
of the world! What wondrous changes! What stupendous strides! 



THE FLAG PROTECTS. ^g 

Philosophers and statesmen have ever recognized the truth that 
universal education is the basis of true national prosperity and real 
greatness. '' The fair fabric of Justice raised by Numa/' says Plutarch, 
*' passed rapidly away because it was not founded upon education." 
No truer reason can be given for the decay of everything good in a 
State. No nation will ever realize its full possibilities which does not 
build upon the education of the whole people, upon the enlightenment 
of the masses. Every consideration of public safety points to the 
wisdom of emancipating the people from the slavery of ignorance. 
Might alone has made the struggle for greatness and has failed. War, 
with all its horrors, has proved powerless to make nations great. 
Rome, great as she was, and leader of the world, fell, not because she 
lacked brave generals and great rulers, but because her plan of educa- 
tion did not reach to the foundations of her national life and character. 
In a republic like ours, the system of education, to realize its highest 
aim, must reach the common people, the " plain people," as Lincoln 
loved to call them. It is the highest province of the State to deter- 
mine the character and the quality of the education which will best 
prepare them for their life work as individuals, and as citizens of the 
republic. — Charles R. Skinner, from the President's Address, delivered 
before the National Educational Association of the United States, at 
Milwaukee, Wis., July 6, 1897. 

Our fathers, in their wisdom, knew that the foundations of liberty, 
fraternity and equality must be universal education. The free school, 
therefore, was conceived the corner-stone of the Republic. Washing- 
ton and Jefferson recognized that while religious training belongs to 
the church, and while technical and higher culture may be given by 
private institutions, the training of citizens in the common knowledge 
and in the common duties of citizenship belongs irrevocably to the 
State. We, therefore, uplift the system of free and universal educa- 
tion as the master force which, under God, has been informing each 
of our generations with the peculiar truths of Americanism. — Charles 
R. Skinner, from address before New York State Teachers' Associa- 
tion, 1897. 

4 



50 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

FREE SCHOOLS INSPIRE LOYALTY TO COUNTRY. 
(From the last interview of General Horry with General Marion in 1795.) 

Israel Of old, you know, was destroyed for lack of knowledge ; and 
all nations, all individuals, have come to naught from the same cause; 
what signifies then even this government, divine as it is, if it be not 
known and prized as it deserves? This is best done by free schools. 

Men will always fight for their government according to their 
sense of its value. To value it aright, they must understand it. This 
they cannot do, without education, and, as a large portion of the 
citizens are poor, and can never attain that inestimable blessing with- 
out the aid of government, it is plainly the first duty of government to 
bestow it freely upon them. The more perfect the government, the 
greater the duty to make it well known. * * * 

God knows, a good government can hardly be half anxious enough 
to give its citizens a thorough knowledge of its own excellencies. For 
as some of the most valuable truths, for lack of careful promulgation, 
have been lost, so the best government on earth, if not duly known and 
prized, may be subverted. Ambitious demagogues will rise, and the 
people, through ignorance and love of change, will follow them. 

Look at the people of New England. From Britain their fathers 
had fled to America for religion's sake. Religion had taught them that 
God created men to be happy; that to be happy they must have virtue; 
that virtue is not to be attained without knowledge, nor knowledge 
without instruction, nor public instruction without free schools, nor 
free schools without legislative order. Among a free people who fear 
God, the knowledge of duty is the same as doing it. With minds^well 
informed of their rights, and hearts glowing with love for themselves 
and posterity, when the war broke out they rose up against the enemy, 
firm and united, and gave glorious proof how men will fight when they 
know that their all is at stake. — Francis Marion. 



THE CAPITOL. 




AVE you ever been in the city of Washington, the 
capital of your country? If you have, I am sure 
you never can forget the noble '' Capitol " building, 
at one end of Pennsylvania avenue, while at the 
other end stands the famous '' White House," the 
home of the President of the United States. 

To the Capitol the approach is very beautiful 
and the first sight of the great building very inspiring. Within its 
walls the laws which govern our country are made by United States 
Senators — two from each state in the Union — and Representatives 
from all the states, — the number from each state being based upon 
population. Here indeed, from the loftiest peak of the '' Capitol," 
should our dear flag fly. For the flag is the emblem of that justice 
which the laws of this country must grant to every citizen, no matter 
hov/ poor or humble he may be. In this building also sit the Justices 
of the Supreme Court of the United States. It is their duty to see that 
the laws are right, that justice is done between man and man, and that 
respect and obedience are shown to these just laws. 

Washington is without doubt one of the most beautiful cities in the 
world. It is in the District of Columbia, so-called. This district is 
really a territory of the United States, and as such is under the exclusive 
care and government of Congress. No finer historical program for the 
Capitol could be devised than to have pupils read about the men and 
the events that have made Washington, the Capitol, and the Dis- 
trict of Columbia, the home of the Capitol — so famous. Then let them 
mould their reading into short essays, to be read, compared and con- 
trasted as to knowledge of historical perspective shown and real ^^' com- 
posing " power. 

(51) 



22 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



SELECTIONS. 

A few Sundays ago I stood on a hill in Washington. My heart 
thrilled as I looked on the towering marble of my country's Capitol, 
and a mist gathered in my eyes as, standing there, I thought of its 
tremendous significance and the powers there assembled, and the re- 
sponsibilities there centered — its president, its congress, its courts, 
its gathered treasure, its army, its navy, and its 60,000,000 of citizens. 
It seemed to me the best and mightiest sight that the sun could .find 
in its wheeling course — this majestic home of a Republic that has 
taught the world its best lessons of liberty — and I felt that if wisdom, 
and justice, and honor abided therein, the world would stand indebted 
to this temple on which my eyes rested, and in which the ark of my 
covenant was lodged for its final uphfting and regeneration.- — 
Henry W. Grady. 

With each succeeding year, new interest is added to this spot. It 
becomes connected with all the historical associations of our country, 
with her statesmen and her orators; and alas! its cemetery is annually 
enriched with the ashes of her chosen sons. Before is the broad and 
beautiful river, separating two of the original thirteen states, and which 
a late President, a man of determined purpose and inflexible will, but 
patriotic heart, desired to span with arches of ever-enduring granite, 
symbolical of the firmly cemented union of the North and South. On 
its banks repose the ashes of the Father of His Country; and at our 
side, by a singular felicity of position, overlooking the city which he 
designed, and which bears his name, rises to his memory the marble 
column, sublime in its simple grandeur, and fitly intended to reach a 
loftier height than any similar structure on the surface of the whole 
earth. Let the votive offering of his grateful countrymen be freely 
contributed to carry higher and still higher this monument. May I 
say, as on another occasion: Let it rise! Let it rise, till it shall meet 
the sun in his coming. Let the earliest light of the morning gild it, 
and parting day linger and play on its summit. — Daniel Webster. 






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THE STAR OF FREEDOM. 

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2. O dear Co-lum- bia, glo - riousland! Ev - er we Icrve and bless thee; 



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THE RESTORED UNION. 

HE Boys in Blue! " When can their glory fade? Have you 
not heard your fathers tell of the great Civil War — the 
days from 1861 to 1865? How the flag, so dear to us all 
in the Northland, was lowered at Fort Sumter on a sor- 
rowful April day? How for four years the conflict raged 
between the North and the South, with untold loss of life and treasure? 
Many of you know the story in a far more touching and sacred way 
than text-books could ever tell it to you. 

''The Boys in Gray!" When can their valor fade? Fewer in 
number than the Northern soldiers, with scantier resources, with the 
war raging about their very hearthstones and the beautiful Southland 
filled with lamentation and weeping everywhere, how courageously 
they fought for the things they held dear! And to-day, thank Heaven, 
the flag that was lowered at Sumter floats over an undivided land, a 
united people, a Union restored! 

SELECTIONS. 

A little while after I came home from the last scene of all [the 
funeral of Grant], I found that a woman's hand had collected the 
insignia I had worn in the magnificent, melancholy pageant — the 
orders assigning me to duty and the funeral scarfs and badges — -and 
had grouped and framed them; unbidden, silently, tenderly; and when 
I reflected that the hands that did this were those of a loving Southern 
woman, whose father had fallen on the Confederate side in the battle, I 
said: ''The war indeed is over; let us have peace!'' Gentlemen, 
soldiers, comrades, the silken folds that twine about us here, for all 
their soft and careless grace, are yet as strong as hooks of steel ! They 
hold together a united people and a great nation; for realizing the 
truth at last — with no wounds to be healed and no stings of defeat 
to remember — the South says to the North, as simply and as truly as 
was said three thousand years ago in that far away meadow upon the 
margin of the mystic sea : " Whether thou goest, I will go ; and where 
thou lodgest, I will lodge; thy people shall be my people, and thy God, 
my God." — Henry Watterson, at banquet of the Army of the Tennessee 
in Chicago. (55) 



-5 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

THE PALMETTO AND THE PINE. 

There grows a fair palmetto in the sunny Southern lands; 
Upon the stem New England hills a somber pine tree stands. 
And each towers like a monument above the perished brave; 
A grave 'neath the palmetto — beneath the pine a grave. 

The Carolina widow comes this bright May day to spread 
Magnolia and jessamine above her soldier dead. 
And the Northern mother violets strews upon her son below, — 
Her only son, who fell so many weary years ago. 

Tears for the gallant Yankee boy — one of Grant's heroes he. 

Tears for the stalwart Southern man — the man who marched with Lee. 

But love, and only love, between the lonely ones who twine 

Their wreaths 'neath the palmetto — their chaplets 'neath the pine. 

Oh, tried tree of the Southland! from out whose trunks were wrought 
The ramparts of that glorious fort where Sergeant Jasper fought; 
Oh, true tree of the Northland! whose pictured form supplied 
The emblem for our earliest flag, that waved where Warren died — 

Still watch the dead you've watched so long, the dead who died so well; 
And matrons mourn, as mourn you must, your lost dear ones who fell; 
But joy and peace and hope to all, now North and South combine 
In one grand whole, as one soil bears the palmetto and the pine! 

— Manley H. Pike. 

Sectional lines no longer mar the map of;the United States. Sec- 
tional feeling no longer holds back the love we bear each other. Frater- 
nity is the national anthem, sung by a chorus of forty-five states, and 
our territories at home and beyond the seas. The Union is once nfore 
the common atlas of our love and loyalty, our devotion and sacrifice. 
The old flag again waves over us in peace, with new glories which your 
sons and ours have this day added to its sacred folds. * * * What 
a glorious future awaits us if unitedly, wisely anB bravely we face the 
new problems now pressing upon us, determined to solve them for 
right and humanity! * * * Re-united! one country again and one 
country forever! Proclaim it from the press and pulpit! Teach it in 
the schools! Write it across the skies! — William McKinley, on his 
Southern tour, in 1898. 



O STARRY FLAG OF UNION, HAIL! 



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By permission Silver, Burdett & Co. From "Songs of the Nation." 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

GROUP III. 

THE FLAG WAVES OVER 

1. The Camp Song, The Camp Flag. 

2. The Hospital Song, The Good Comrade. 

3. The Exposition Buildings Song, The Centennial Hymn. 

4. The Consulate Song, Many Flags in Many Lands. 

The Land Song, Our Ozvn Dear Land. 



^ The Sea Song, Ocean-Guarded Flag. 

(59) 




THE CAMP. 

HEN your fathers or your brothers enlist to fight for their 
., country, they do not always march for the battle-field. 
They are sent at first " into camp/' as we say. Some of 
you have seen these camps, — long rows of white tents, 
with streets stretching between the rows on either side. 
Here, the brave men stay for a long time, spending their time in 
drilling, in doing guard duty, and in getting ready for the hardships of 
a soldier's life. Then, perhaps after months of waiting, the Secretary 
of War, at Washington, sends word to them to " break camp " and 
hurry away to the scene of conflict. 

Again, a camp is often placed at the very edge of a battle-field, 
and there the soldiers, in their tents, try to get a httle sleep, not know- 
ing but that the bugle may call them " to arms " at any minute. 
What a joy it is to a soldier, whether in drill-camp or battle-camp, to 
see floating from the tall staff the banner of the stars and stripes, in 
whose folds he finds courage for the day of battle! 

SELECTIONS. 

AN INCIDENT OF THE FRENCH CAMP. 

You know, we French stormed Ratisbon; 

A mile or so away, 
On a little mound, Napoleon 

Stood on our storming day; 
With neck out-thrust, you fancy how, 

Legs wide, arms locked behind. 
As if to balance the prone brow, 

Oppressive with its mind. 

Just as perhaps, he mused, " My plans, 

That soar, to earth, may fall, 
Let once my army leader, Lannes, 

Waver at yonder wall," 
(6i) 



52 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Out 'twixt the battery-smoke, there flew 

A rider, bound on bound 
Full-galloping; nor bridle drew 

Until he reached the mound. 

Then off there flung in smiling joy, 

And held himself erect 
By just his horse's mane, a boy; 

You hardly could suspect — 
(So tight he kept his lips compressed 

Scarce any blood came through) 
You looked twice ere you saw his breast 

Was all but shot in two. 

" Well," cried he, " Emperor, by God's grace 

We've got you Ratisbon! 
The Marshal's in the market place, i 

And you'll be there anon 
To see your flag-bird flap his vans 

Where I, to heart's desire, 
Perched him!" The chiefs eye flashed; his plans 

Soared up again like fire. 

The chiefs eye flashed; but presently 

Softened itself, as sheathes 
A film the mother-eagle's eye 

When her bruised eaglet breathes: 
"You're wounded!" "Nay," the soldier's pride 

Touched to the quick, he said: 
"I'm killed. Sire!" And his chief beside, 

Smiling, the boy fell dead. 

— Robert Browning. 

On the morning of July ist, 1862, five thousand Confederate 
cavalry advanced upon Booneville, Mo., then held by Col. Philip 
Sheridan with less than a thousand troopers. The Federal line, being 
strongly entrenched, was able to hold its ground against this greatly 
superior force. But Sheridan, fearful of being outflanked, directed a 
young captain to take a portion of two companies, make a rapid detour, 
charge the enemy in the rear and throw its line into confusion, thus 
making possible a simultaneous and successful attack in front. Sheri- 
dan said to him: *' I expect of your command the quick and desperate 
work usually imposed upon a forlorn hope," at the same time bidding 



THE FLAG WAVES OVER. 63 

him what promised to be an eternal farewell. Ninety-two men rode 
calmly out knowing the supreme moment of their lives had come. 
What was in their hearts during- that silent ride? What hghts and 
shadows flashed across the cameras of their souls? To one pale boy, 
there came the vision of a quaint old house, a w^hite-haired woman on 
her knees in prayer, an open Bible by her side, God's peace upon her 
face. Another memory held a cottage, all imbedded in the shade of 
sheltering trees and clinging vines; stray bits of sunshine around the 
open door; within, a fair young mother, crooning lullabies above a 
baby's crib. And one old grizzled hero seems to see, in mists of un- 
shed tears, a bush-grown corner of the barnyard fence, and through 
the rails a blended picture of faded calico, and golden curls, and laugh- 
ing eyes. And then the little column halted on a bit of rising ground 
and faced — destiny. 

Before them was a brigade of cavalry three thousand strong. 
That way lay death. Behind them were the open fields, the sheltering 
woods, safety, and dishonor. Just for a moment every cheek was 
blanched. A robin sang unheeded in a neighboring limb; clusters of 
purple daisies bloomed unseen upon the grassy slope; the sweet fresh 
breath of early summer filled the air, unfelt by all. They only saw 
the dear old flag of Union overhead; they only knew that foes cf 
country blocked the road in front; they only heard the ringing voice 
of their gallant leader ordering the charge, and with a yell, the little 

troop swept on. 

Flashed every sabre bare, 
Flashed as they turned in air, 
Charging an army, 
While all the world wondered. 

So sudden and unexpected was the attack, so desperate and irresistible 
the charge that this handful of men cut their way through the heart of 
the whole brigade. Then, in prompt obedience to the calm command 
of their captain they wheeled, re-formed, and charged again. At this 
opportune moment, while the Confederates were in confusion, Sheri- 
dan's whole line dashed forward with mighty cheers, and the day was 
won. That night, forty of the ninety-two kept their eternal bivouac 
on the field of battle, their white faces kissed by the silent stars. — John 
M. Thursfon. 



64 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

THE SONG OF THE CAMP, 

" Give us a song! " the soldiers cried, 
The outer trenches guarding, 

When the heated guns of the camps alUed 
Grew weary of bombarding. 

The dark Redan, in silent scoff, 
Lay grim and threatening, under; 

And the tawny mound of the Malakoff 
No longer belched its thunder. 

There was a pause. A guardsman said: 
"We storm the forts to-morrow; 

Sing while we may, another day 
Will bring enough of sorrow." 

They lay along the battery's side, 
Below the smoking cannon: 

Brave hearts from Severn and from Clyde, 
And from the banks of Shannon. 

They sang of love, and not of fame; 

Forgot was Britain's glory; 
Each heart recalled a different name. 

But all sang " Annie Laurie." 

Voice after voice caught up the song, 

Until its tender passion 
Rose like an anthem, rich and strong, — 

Their battle-eve confession. 



Beyond the darkening ocean burned 
The bloody sunset's embers, 

While the Crimean valleys learned 
How English love remembers. 

And once again, a fiery hell 

Rained on the Russian quarters. 

With scream of shot, and burst of shell, 
And bellowing of the mortars. 



THE FLAG WAVES OVER. 65 

And Irish Nora's eyes are dim 

For a singer, dumb and gory; 
And English Mary mourns for him 

Who sang of " Annie Laurie.'* 

Sleep, soldiers! still in honored rest 

Your youth and valor wearing: 
The bravest are the tenderest, — 

The loving are the daring. 

— Bayard Taylor. 



THE FLAG OF FREEDOM. 

The flag of Freedom floats in pride 
Above the hills our fathers saved; 

It floats as, in the battle tide. 
Above the brave and good it waved. 

It wakes the thought of other days, 

When they, who sleep beneath its shade, 

Stood foremost in the battle blaze 
And bared for us the patriot blade. 

High o'er its stars our spirits leap 
To gratulate their deathless fame, 

With them the jubilee to keep, 

And hail our country's honor'd named. 

Above the plains, above the rocks, 
Above our fathers' honor'd graves. 

Free from a thousand battle shocks, 
Our striped and starry banner waves. 

What was the price which bade it ride 
Above our loved and native plains? 

And are there men would curb its pride, 
And bind our eagle fast in chains? 

5 



66 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Spirit of Washington, awake! 

And watch o'er Freedom's chartered land; 
The battle peal again may break, 

Again in arms thy children stand! 

— AUniso Lewis. 

REVEILLE. 

The morning is cheery, my boys, arouse! 
The dew shines bright on the chestnut boughs. 
And the sleepy mist on the river lies, 
Though the east is flushing with crimson dyes. 

Awake! awake! awake! 

O'er field and wood and brake. 

With glories newly born, 

Comes on the blushing morn. 
Awake! awake! 

You have dreamed of your homes and your friends all night; 
You have basked in your sweethearts' smiles so bright; 
Come, part with them all for awhile again, — 
Be lovers in dreams; when awake, be men. 
Turn out! turn out! turn out! 
You have dreamed full long, I know, 

Turn out! turn out! turn out! 
The east is all aglow. 

Turn out! turn out! 

From every valley and hill there come 
The clamoring voices of fife and drum; 
And out on the fresh, cool morning air 
The soldiers are swarming everywhere. 
Fall in! fall in! fall in! 
Every man in his place. 

Fall in! fall in! fall in! 
Each with a cheerful face. 
Fall in! fall in! 

— Michael O'Connor. 



THE CAMP FLAG. 



W. K. W. 

Moderato. 



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THE HOSPITAL. 

AR is a very cruel thing, never to be begun unless 
the honor or safety of the nation demands it; 
never to be continued for a single hour beyond 
that which is needful. For in every war, many 
brave men are killed and many more are wounded. 
Now, it is for these poor wounded fellows, as wxll as for those who 
are taken sick, that hospitals are needed. Many of them are only 
large tents, put up outside the line of battle. In these hospital- 
tents, surgeons and nurses (noble-hearted women) do all they can 
to relieve the sick and wounded. If they get better, they are often 
sent to a permanent hospital, or better still to the dear home from 
which they started for the war. 

Nowadays, over every battle-field hospital in all civilized countries 
is seen the flaming '' Red Cross " of the society of that name. That is 
the pledge that the sick and hurt soldiers will not be attacked by the 
enemy. And yet, even with that cross of mercy, how dear to the 
wounded patriot is the sight of that flag for which he is wilHng to 
give his life — '' the last full measure of devotion." 

In hospitals, women are the '' ministering angels." What a fine, 
patriotic exercise children could make up from the services of such 
immortal names as Florence Nightingale, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and 
Clara Barton. Theirs is a heroism and patriotism no less grand and 
self-sacrificing than that of the bravest soldier they ever nursed back 

to life and health. 

(69) 



70 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

SELECTIONS. 

SANTA FILOMENA. 
Whene'er a noble deed is wrought. 
Whene'er is spoken a noble thought. 

Our hearts in glad surprise, 

To higher levels rise. 

The tidal wave of deeper souls 
Into our inmost being rolls. 
And lifts us unawares 
Out of all meaner cares. 

Honor to those whose words or deeds 
Thus help us in our daily needs, 
And by their overflow 
Raise us from what is low! 

Thus thought I, as by night I read 
Of the great army of the dead, 
The trenches cold and damp. 
The starved and frozen camp, — 

The wounded from the battle-plain. 
In dreary hospitals of pain, 
The cheerless corridors. 
The cold and stony floors. 

Lo! in that house of misery 
A lady with a lamp I see 

Pass through the glimmering gloom, 
And flit from room to room. 

And slow, as in a dream of bliss, 
The speechless sufferer turns to kiss 
Her shadow, as it falls 
Upon the darkening walls. 

As if a door in heaven should be 
Opened and then closed suddenly, 
The vision came and went, 
The light shone and was spent. 

On England's annals through the long 
Hereafter of her speech and song. 
That light its rays shall cast 
From portals of the past. 

A Lady with a Lamp shall stand 
In the great history of the land, 

A noble type of good, 

Heroic womanhood. 



THE FLAG WAVES OVER. 71 S 

Nor even shall be wanting here j 

The palm, the lily, and the spear, I 

The symbols that of yore \ 

Saint Filomena bore. ' 

— H, W. Longfellow. j 



AN INCIDENT. ! 

! 

Do you remember, in that disastrous siege in India, when the little | 

Scotch girl raised her head from her pallet in the hospital, and said to i 

the sickening hearts of the English: '' I hear the bagpipes; the Camp- j 

bells are coming! " And they said, *' No, Jessie; it is delirium.'* " No, j 

I know it; I heard it far off." And in an hour, the pibroch burst upon \ 

their glad ears, and the banner of St. George floated in triumph over | 

their heads. — George William Curtis. \ 

\ 

i 

WOMEN OF THE WAR. j 

1 

(An anonymous poem composed during the Civil War.) j 

j 
The dim light of the hospital j 

Shone on the beds of pain, ' 

And the long night seemed endless, j 

When in walked " Betsy Jane." ] 

" My God! is this a woman? " j 

Said one poor soldier boy, ''■ 

And tears rolled down his manly cheeks, \ 

But they were tears of joy. i 

And chaos turned to order, ' 

As Betsy Jane stepped in, i 

And cleanliness which, we are told, 1 

" To godliness is kin." ; 

Hard tack and salted bacon J 

i 

To chicken broth gave way, \ 

And sanitary stores came in, ] 

And beef tea won the day. \ 

" Oh, see my soft white pillow! j 

My bed is clean once more." \ 

And '' some one's darling " smiled upon i 

This Woman of the War. ^ 



72 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

I know not if our " Betsy Jane " 

Was fair to other eyes, 
But to her " Boys in Blue " she seemed 

An angel from the skies. 
Her apron and her gown of serge 

Each soldier loved to see. 
And blessed her footsteps as she brought 

Such " heavenly toast and tea." 
All the sweet charities of home 

In plenty there she poured, 
And each day's work now brought its own 

" Exceeding great reward! " 

It was not in the earthquake, . 

Or in the fiery fxame, 
But in the soothing gentle voice 

That then God's angel came. 
And when He comes whose right it is 

Within our hearts to reign. 
And reads from out the Book of Life 

The name of " Betsj'^ Jane " — 

Oh, in that great Muster Roll 

Before the Judge of all, 
When faithful servants of the Lord 

Shall answer to His call, 
Perhaps He'll say to some of them: 

" For inasmuch as ye 
Have done it to the least of these, 

Ye've done it unto Me." 
And then with psalms and tossing palms, 

Like banners waving o'er. 
The pearly gates will open wide 

To " Women of the War." 



THE GOOD COMRADE. 



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EXPOSITION BUILDINGS. 

N the year 1876 there was a great exposition, or exhibition, at 
Philadelphia, to celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of 
our independence as a nation. To that Quaker city gathered 
people from every part of the globe — many bringing with 
them strange wares or costly merchandise from across the 
seas. It was a sight never to be forgotten; it made Americans better 
acquainted with all the nations of Christendom. 

In the year 1893, another and greater exposition was held at Chi- 
cago, to celebrate the four hundredth anniversary of the landing of 
Columbus upon our shores. So many were the buildings, so beautiful 
even by day, so fairy-like by night when lighted by thousands of dazzling 
lights, that the millions who saw the sight called it the finest the world 
had ever known. 

But the fairest vision, after all, both at the '' Centennial " and the 
'* Columbian Exposition " were the countless flags of red, white and 
blue that flamed out by night and day — telling of the peace and pros- 
perity of our nation, and inviting the people of every nation to a share 
in our happiness. 

SELECTIONS. 

A travelled Frenchman was asked the other day how the buildings 
of the Columbian World's Fair compared with those of the last ex- 
position in the French capital. After reflecting a moment, he replied: 
*' The buildings at Chicago are what you might have expected at Paris; 
the buildings in Paris were what you might have expected in Chicago." 

No world's exhibition was ever better housed, or more conveni- 
ently arranged. As it stood on the day of its formal dedication in Octo- 
ber (1892), incomplete, its decoration in progress, with the scaffolding 
and building stages still marring the architectural effect, in the midst of 
the debris of ten thousand working-men, driving on the work, night 

and day, it was already a sufficient answer to the doubt whether the 

(75) 



76 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

American genius is equal to the creation of any works except those of 
mechanical ingenuity. The distinction of the Columbian Exhibition 
is not in its magnitude; it is not that it contains the largest building 
ever erected in the world; it is in its beauty, its harmonious grouping, 
its splendid landscape and architectural effects. This is best compre- 
hended as a whole in the approach from the lake. The view there, 
especially at the coming of evening, when the long rows of classic 
columns, the pillars and domes, are in relief against a glowing sunset 
sky, is a vision of beauty that will surprise most and will appeal most 
to those familiar with the triumphs of man's genius elsewhere. The 
little city of the lagoon, reflected in the water as distinctly as it stands 
out against the sky, seems like some fairy exhalation on the shore, sug- 
gesting the long perspective of columns on the desert of Palmyra, the 
approach by the sea of Marmora to Constantinople, and the canals and 
palaces of Venice as seen from Lido. In its light and airy grace it is 
like a city of the imagination. — Charles Dudley Warner, in Harper's 
Magazine. 

NEW YORK DAY AT THE WORLD's FAIR. 
******* 

Due honor to the lands 
From which we sprung: all hail the ancient fame 

Of kindred hearts and hands! 
But we began with all that they had won, 

A counsel of protection calls us on; 
To do no more than they have done were shame. 

'Twere better far, I hold, 
To see the Iroquois suprem.e once more 

Among the forests old 
From hill-girt Hudson's current, broad and slow. 

To where 'twixt Erie and Ontario, 
Leaps green Niagara with a giant's roar; 

To see the paths pursued 
By commerce with her flying charioteers 

Tangled with solitude. 
The Indian trail uncoil among the trees: 

The council-runner's torch against the breeze 
Its signal fling — "The smoke that disappears." 



THE FLAG WAVES OVER. yy 

To have the wigwams rise 
By summer-haunted Horicon so fair; 

Fruit blooms and grain-gold dyes 
Fade from the shadows in Cayuga's tide, 

The vineyards fail on Keuka's sun-beat side, 
The mill-crowned cliffs of Genesee made bare; 

'Twere more to my desire 
To see Manhattan's self laid desolate. 
* sK * * * ♦ ♦ 



But out on dreams of dread! 
In him I put my waking faith and trust, 

A king in heart and head 
Who masters forces, shapes material things. 

Who loves his kind, whose common sense has wings, 
The true American, the kindly just, 

Full prompt in word and deed. 
And ready to make good som.e human hope 

In time of utter need; 
To cross at Delaware the ice's gorge. 

Or tread blood-bolted snow at Valley Forge, 
Or keep at Gettysburg the gun-shook slope! 

* * * :f: * :): if. 

— Joseph O'Connor. 
[From poem read at World's Columxbian Exposition on New York State Day.] 

Jackson Park, the pride to-day of Chicago, upon whose buildings, 
vast and stately, the majesty of the nation descended this morning in 
dedicatory services, tells of the resolve to redeem all promises, to realize 
all hopes. Hither shall be brought the products of labor and art, the 
treasures of earth and sea, the inventions of this wondrously inventive 
century, the fruits of learning and genius. The entire globe is astir 
in preparation to fill to repletion the palaces we have erected. The 
invitation has gone out to the world in all the fullness and warmth of 
the heart of this republic, and the nations of the world have barkened 
to it as they never did before to a voice calling men to an exposition. 
The best that America can bring, the best the world owns, shall soon 
be in Jackson Park. 

What may be added? I will give reply. What is there more im- 
portant, more precious than matter and all the forms in which matter 



jS MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

may be invested? Is there not mind? What is there greater than all 
the results of the thought — the labor of man? Is there not man 
himself, the designer, the maker of his works? Bring hither, then, 
mind. Bring men — not merely the milHons, anxious to see and to 
learn. These do we need; they do not suffice. Bring the men whom 
the millions desire to contemplate, and from whom they may receive 
valued lessons. Bring the thinkers, the workers, the scholars, the 
apostles of action, who have rendered possible or have produced the 
marvels which will be housed in Jackson Park, whose dreams make 
toward the building up of humanity, whose arms reach out to the 
improvement of men along all the lines of human progress. Let 
us have the Columbuses of our time. Let us have Parliaments of the 
leaders of men convoked from all lands under the sun. In this manner 
is your exposition complete in all its parts, truly representative of the 
age and truly great. You have matter and men; you have the works 
and the workers. In men far more than in matter you have the highest 
products of progress. There is progress only when men grow. In 
men you have the potent means to determine the progress of the future. 
God has made men the agents of progress. — Right Rev. John Ireland, 
D. D., at dedication of World's Columbian Exposition. 



CENTENNIAL HYMN. 



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1 

of 
of 
of 
tice 



r 



sand, We meet to - day, 
Thine Whose ech - o is 

use, We thank Thee ; but, 

strong; A - round our gift 






I 

u - nit - ed, free, And 

the glad re - frain Of 

with - al, we crave The 

of free - dom, draw The 



m 



-(2_ 



r7\ 



#- 



P 



% 



-s»- 



^- 



^ 



^ 



^^ 



d: 



d: 



«=-^ 



land and 

fall - ing 

strong to 

right - eous 



-s>- 



l^ 



loy - al to our 

rend - ed bolt and 

au - stere vir - tues 

safe - guards of Thy 



Thee, 

chain, 

save, 

law; 



To 
To 
The 
And, 



thank Thee 
grace our 
hon - or 
cast in 






^ 



--£ 






J- 



for 

fes - 
proof 
some 

-&- 

X^ — 



the 
tal 
to 
di 



pf 






^ 



S 



I 



-f9- 



^ If.- 

o - p'ning 
guests we 
bought nor 
shame the 



e • ra 

time, from 
place or 
vin - er 



m 



-B 



done, 
all 

gold, 
mould, 

-^- 



And 
The 
The 
Let 



1 I Nw| 

trust Thee 

zones of 

man - hood 

the new 



for 

earth, 

nev 

cy 



the 
our 
er 

cle 



f 



one. 
call, 
sold! 
old! 



i 



T 



Words by special arrangement with Houghtos', Mifflin & Co. 
Music used by permission of Oliver Ditson Company, owners of copyright. 



THE FLAG WAVES OVER. 8l 

New York has built two houses at the Fair. One is the palatial 
structure before us, a fitting representation of the dignity and opulence 
of the Empire State. The other is an humble structure at the opposite 
end of the park destined to show how a workingman and his family 
may be enabled to live with due regard to the requirements of sanitation 
and healthful nutriment. The house in which we stand has been one 
of the sights of the fair. It has been a matter of pride to every New 
Yorker visiting Jackson Park that the headquarters of his state were 
so beautiful, so commodious, and so popular. He has found here the 
conveniences of a club, the educating influence of a museum, and the 
rest and refreshment of a summer villa. The true attitude of the people 
of New York toward this Exposition has nowhere been more fitly rep- 
resented than in the superb proportions and princely magnificence of 
this their State house of call. But if this be New York's idea of the 
regal attire which befits her as a guest at the table of nations, the other 
edifice - — the model workingman's home — is no less typical of her 
care for the welfare of the lowly, and her sense that the qualities that 
go to make her great are those which are nourished in the homes of the 
toilers. — Roswell P. Flower, at World's Columbian Exposition, New 
York State Day. 

PROGRESS. 

O Progress, with thy restless eyes, 

Sleepless as fate and tireless as the sun, 
The mighty mother of the world's emprise — 

Here, where we bring- the treasures thou hast won, 
Bend thou thine ear and list to our acclaim. 

Stay thy imperial march by land and sea, 
While we this temple, vocal with thy name, 

We dedicate to thee! 

Whatever here shall show mankind 

That, spite of history's lying page, 
Not buried in the years behind. 

But forward lies the golden age; 
Whatever here shall worthiest stand, 

The boon of ages yet to be. 
Best fruitage of the brain or hand, 

We dedicate to thee. 



82 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Whatever here shall truest teach 

How round the world may wiser grow 
The clearer eye, the wider reach, 

The rule of heaven here below; 
Whate'er makes Learning's torch more bright, 

Or wides the boundaries of the free, 
The jewels of our empire's might. 

We dedicate to thee! 

— William H. McElroy. 

[At dedication of New York State Building, World's Columbian Exposition.] 



MANY FLAGS IN MANY LANDS. 



m 



1. There are man - y flags 

2. I know where the pret 

3. I would cut a piece 

4. Then I'd want a part 



5. We shall al 



ways 



love 



in 


man 


ti - est 


col 


from an 


eve 


of 


fleec 



the 



y lands, There are 

ors are, And I'm 

ning sky, Where the 

y cloud. And some 

"Stars and Stripes," And we 



i 



^ 



^ 



-^-r- 



E# 



i 



flags 


of 


ev - 


'ry 


hue; 


But there is 


no 


flag 


how - 


sure 


if I 


on - 


ly 


knew 


How to get 


them 


here. 


I could 


stars 


were 


shin - 


ing 


through, 


And use 


it 


just 


as it 


red 


from a 


rain - 


bow 


bright ; 


And put 


them to - 


geth 


- er 


mean 


to be 


ev - 


er 


true 


To this land 


of 


ours 


and the 



t# 



ev 


er 


grand, 


Like 


our 


own 


"Red, 


White 


and 


Blue." 


make 


a 


flag 


Of 


glo - 


rious 


"Red, 


White 


and 


Blue." 


was 


on 


high, 


For 


my 


stars 


and 


field 


of 


blue. 


side 


by 


side, 


For 


my 


stripes 


of 


red 


and 


white. 


dear 


old 


flag, 


The 


"Red, 


the 


White, 


and 


the 


Blue." 



i 



Chorus. 



Then hur 



rah 



for the flag, 



Our 



coun - try's flag. 



It's 




stripes and white stars. 



too 



There is 



flag 



m 



-<5'— 



an 



land 



Like 



our 



own 



"Red, White and 



Blue. 




THE CONSULATE. 

^HE word '' consulate " is taken from the Latin and, with 
Americans, refers to the building in which any man ap- 
pointed by our government transacts, in any foreign port, 
or town or city, such business affairs of the government 
as may be entrusted to him. Always, except in very 
small places, the office is filled by American citizens, perhaps resid- 
ing abroad, but more commonly leaving home for the express pur- 
pose of representing our country and its interests in foreign lands. But 
the Consul — for by that name is he called — has a more sacred duty 
to do — that of protecting any American citizen who may be in danger 
in a foreign land. Then the flag flying over the Consulate seems to 
demand protection for any and all its citizens seeking its shelter. Even 
more, — it often protects men of other nationalities. When a Mr. Poin- 
sett was our Minister to Mexico from 1825 to 1829, the Mexicans, in 
a rage, sought the lives of certain European Spaniards. The Spaniards 
fled to the Consulate; the Mexicans pursued, and were about to at- 
tack the building, when Mr. Poinsett unfurled the Stars and Stripes, 
and standing beneath its folds saved his own Hfe and that of the 
frightened Spaniards. 

SELECTION. 

Moral influence is good, but it is also a good thing to have some- 
thing material behind it. A missionary who recently arrived in this 
country, from Turkey in Asia, mentioned the following experience: 

*' I left," he said, the " town of in the morning. In the 

afternoon of that day it was attacked by the Kurds, and several hundred 
of the inhabitants were slaughtered. When I reached the seaport, in- 
tending to take the steamer on the way to America, I was told by the 
local authority that I could not have a permit to embark, for he was 
commanded to detain a person answering to my description until fur- 

(85) 



36 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

ther orders. I explained to him the necessity of my taking the steamer, 
and the great inconvenience of delay. He expressed his regret, but 
declared his inability to allow me to proceed. Presently the steamer 
sailed without me, and I had to wait another week. 

" Day after day passed, bringing only politeness and promises. 
The Consul telegraphed to Constantinople, but the telegram had to 
pass through the hands of the Government, and my name was pur- 
posely so muddled that the Minister could only telegraph back, ' I have 
received your communication, but cannot make out to whom it refers.' 
At last the Consul managed to get word to the commander of the gun- 
boat, which was lying about sixty miles off. Next morning, looking 
out on the Mediterranean, I saw the smoke of an approaching steamer. 
As it came nearer, I said to myself, ' Why, that looks like one of the 
White Squadron.' Presently I saw at her fore-peak the Stars and 
Stripes. She anchored in the port, and the commander called on the 
local authority, and said to him, ' I have come to inquire into the case 

of Mr. .' The local magistrate, with great urbanity, said, ' Oh, 

that is all right. His papers are in order, and he can go at any time.' 
The commander replied, ' I am very glad of it, for otherwise I should 
have been compelled to demand him.' " 




THE LAND. 

HE land, your geographies tell you, makes up a large 
part of the earth's surface. And I am sure all chil- 
dren know that the extent of land, in this " Coun- 
tr}^ of Ours," as Benjamin Harrison calls it, is very 
great; very great also the stretches of sea-coast 
hemming in the land. But the larger the land the 
worse for the people, unless on every part of it — 
on every mountain, in every valley — there is en- 
joyed the order and protection which the flag represents. In 
olden times beacon-fires on hill-tops were the signals for free- 
men to rally to their country's aid. Let ours be the better, more 
inspiring, signal of the waving flag! 



SELECTIONS. 

I remember reading a short time ago about a Celtic regiment, 
called the Black Watch, which had been gone from home for many 
years, and when it landed again upon the shores, the men immediately 
kneeled down and kissed the sands of Galway. That's the kind of 
patriotism we want now-a-days; the patriotism that loves the soil upon 
which we tread, that loves the air that surrounds us here in America, 
that loves the stars and stripes because they represent this great re- 
public; the kind of patriotism that not only seeks to defend our in- 
.stitutions,, but seeks to elevate our manhood and womanhood. — Anon. 

(87) 



88 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

LOVE OF COUNTRY. 

Breathes there the man with soul so dead, 
Who never to himself hath said, 

"This is my own, my native land!" 
Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned, 
As home his footsteps he hath turned, 

From wandering on a foreign strand! 
If such there breathe, go, mark him well! 
For him no minstrel raptures swell; 
High though his titles, proud his name, 
Boundless his wealth as wish can claim. 
Despite those titles, power, and pelf, 
The wretch, concentred all in self, 
Living, shall forfeit fair renown. 
And, doubly dying, shall go down, 
To the vile dust from whence he sprung, 
Unwept, unhonored, and unsung. 

— Sir Walter Scott. 



OUR OWN DEAR LAND. 



Ee 



Allegretto, 
mf re 



--it — *- 



gJfeE 



1. Our 

2. Our 

3. Our 



own 

own 

fa 



dear land ! our 
dear land! our 
thersspurn'd op 

N _ 



na - tive 
na - tive 



land ! Home 
land ! None 



of 
can 



the brave 
com -pare 



pres-sion's laws, And fought for God 



-Hl 



t^ 



and 

with 
and 



fc^ 



P 



^ 



§%i 



free! In vain we search 

thee ! The fair - est work 

Right! So may their sons, 



old 
of 

in 

-»- 



o - cean's strand To find a land like 
na - ture's hand — Our own dear land for 
Free-dom's cause Be fore - most in the 



-^ 



fc=t 



i^- 



>: 



-^ 



^ 



=F=^ 



-1=1 



P b u 


jup 1 












1 


1 


N 


cres. 

1 


N 


1 






S g 


— r— 


-d — 


1~~ 


— 1 — , 


— ^1 — 


=^= 


^ 


-^^^ 




^—ir- 




J^=^ 


-»- 




i — 

-0- 


-0- 


-m- 


H- 


-^•- 


— ^ 




» 


* — 


__S=d 


thee! 


Thy 


tow'r 


- ii^g 


hills, 


thy 


prai - 


ries 


wide, 


Thy 


hoar 


- y for - 


ests 


me! 


Our 


own 


dear 


land, 


our 


na - 


tive 


land, 


O'er 


all 


our homes 


thy 


fight ! 


Our 


own 


dear 


land, 


our 


na - 


tive 


land, 


Home 


ev - 


er of 


the 


1S" 


mp^_ 




^ 













'f\a 


cres. 


■^ -f- 


-•- 


C\' (1 1 1 


1 


s • 


A 




S 


^ 


___* 





_R2 




1 1 


T*, ^ H 


^ 




H» 


w 


F 


r 1 i •. 'r 


1 


1 






>^-b^-J — - 


_?< ^ 


-^ — 


s^— 


...-'[. 


— 1 1 


^ 


_^_ 


pi— 


^ — 1 


__^ 


p 9 — 


-^-H 




1 










■ 1 


.... 1 . 


1 




1 


y 




1 



n 1 -^1" '"-^ 


1 N 1 


at 


-H 1 , 1 


1 


— ^~ir: 


^-n 

1— ^ 


k^ '^-K ^ . 


H ^ ";^f ^"^ 


hs— 3— d=i^ 


1 


d ^-^— 

\ ^ 


=5 1 


old and dim, Thy st 
ban - ner waves, And 
brave and free; The 


J.. • « 

reams that roll 
na - tions yet 
fin - est work 

s 


in 

un - 
of 

1 


5 • .ji.. 

matchless pride. Thy tor - 

born shall stand Be - side 

na- ture's hand — Our own 

f^ f^ . # - 


rent's thun 
thy he - 
dear land 


• 

-der 
roes' 
for 


Ci* K , ; i ; ' k* 






t P r 


r r # • • n 


T • , t? b hf« • L I'? 


\ r 


^ • 


w . 


» 1 


-^ h k^ ^1 1 F 1 


V \ 


I 


* 1 f 


r ; ,11 


■^1? 1 


P • * 




"^ 




1 J 1 


L/ 1 


' 


1 




i 1 1 1 









fc?: 



cres. 



dun. 



I 



s 



A=* 



3: 



ii; 



hymn, 

graves, 

me ! 



9-^^ 



J 1 ' ' 

Thy streams that roll 
And na - tions yet 
The fi - nest work 

1 'P'cres:^ 

a — r— • » V~- 



in match-less pride, Thy tor - rent's thun - der 
un - born shall stand Be - side thy he - roes' 
of na-ture's hand — Our own dear land for 
^ dim. 



-&- 

hymn. 

graves. 

me! 



¥=i±=t 



I 



Eg 



^ 



-^^ 



:s- 



From Levekmore's " Academy Song Book,'' Ginn & Co., Publishers, by permission. 



THE OCEAN-GUARDED FLAG. 



James Riley. 




L. V. H. Crosby. 
Air, " Dearest Mae." 



►-^— • -\ 



A— (•- 



-J ^ I 



1. That o - cean- guard - ed flag of light, for - ev - er may it fly! It 

2. Tim-bers have crash'd and guns have peal'd be - neath its ar - dent glow ; But 

3. Its stripes of red, e - ter - nal dyed with heart-streams of all lands; Its 



^H-- 


— ^ — r 


- 1^ — 1 


=f--=i— 


K — i 

id • 


— • — 0— 


— m 


1 1 K - 

^-i ^ ^ 








-^ — & — 




-^ P- 


— 1 

— t/ ' 


— «_: ff 1 

1 — ^.^^,^;^ « J 



flashed o'er Mon- mouth's blood - y fight, and lit Mc - Hen - ry's sky; It 

nev - er did that en - sign yield its lion - or to the foe; Its 

white, the snow-capped hills that hide in storm their up - raised hands; Its 




i^ 



tit: 



tf— 



bears up - on its folds of flame to earth's re - mot - est wave The 
fame shall march with mar - tial tread down a - ges yet to be . . To 

blue, the o - cean waves that beat round free-dom's cir - cled shore; Its 




t=4: 



T- 



names of men whose deeds of fame shall e'er in - spire the brave, 
guard those stars that nev - er paled in fight on land or sea. 
stars, the prints of an - gels' feet, that shine for ev - er - more. 



Chorus. 

.-S ^ 



i 



:J:^-i=^^ 



mi& 



For - ev 



er may it fly! For - ev - er may it 

-» — ! — 0^^^^m » — I — » o p — '■ — o- 



-t: 



fly! 



That 



:t=:= 



-f=^-- 



t=t=p^f 




r//. 



:1;^;=t 



cean-guard - ed flag 



of light, For 



ev 



er may 



rzf. 



:Sz=zgz=^=g 



fly! 



i 



Words by permission of Cassell & Co., Limited. 




THE SEA. 

SEA, with all its perils and shipwrecks, seems to 
have had little of terror for the hardy seamen 
of America. In every war in which we have 
fought, their skill and courage have been 
shown. And not only ships of war, but ships 
of trade have run the gauntlet of the waves. 
But battle-skill and commercial supremacy 
count for little unless the flag flies from the masthead of every ship and 
brightens every harbor and haven into which our ships enter. In 
ancient times, the galley-prows bore figures of heathen gods and 
heroes. Better far, the adornment of that flag which stands for the 
living manhood and immortal valor of our sailor lads! 



SELECTIONS. 

THE SHIP OF STATE. 

Thou too, sail on, O ship of state! 
Sail on, O Union, strong and great! 
Humanity, with all its fears. 
With all the hopes of future years, 

Is hanging breathless on thy fate! 
We know what Master laid thy keel, 
What Workman wrought thy ribs of steel. 

Who made each mast, and sail, and rope, 
What anvils rang, what hammers beat. 
In what a forge and what a heat, 

Were shaped the anchors of thy hope! 
Fear not each sudden sound and shock, 
'Tis of the wave and not the rock, 
'Tis but the flapping of the sail. 
And not a rent made by the gale! 
(91) 



92 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



In spite of rock, and tempest's roar, 
In spite of false lights on the shore. 
Sail on, nor fear to breast the sea, 
Our hearts, our hopes, are all with thee! 
Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears, 
Our faith, triumphant o'er our fears. 
Are all with thee — are all with thee! 

— Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. 



ADMIRAL FARRAGUT. 

During the Civil War it was an easy thing in the North to support 
the Union, and it was a double disgrace to be against it. But among 
the highest and loftiest patriots, those who deserved best of the whole 
country, were the men from the South who possessed such loyalty and 
heroic courage that they stood by the flag and followed the cause of the 
whole nation, and the whole people. Among all those who fought in 
this, the greatest struggle for righteousness, these men stand pre- 
eminent, and Farragut stands first. 

He belongs to that class of commanders who possess in the highest 
degree the qualities of courage and daring, of readiness to assume great 
responsibility and to run great risks. 

As a boy he had sailed as a midshipman, and he saw the war of 
1 812, in which, though our frigates and sloops fought some glorious 
actions, our coasts were blockaded and insulted, and the Capitol at 
Washington burned, because our statesmen and people had been too 
short-sighted to build a big fighting navy; and Farragut was able to 
perform his great feats on the Gulf coast because in the Ciyil War we- 
had ships as good as any afloat. 

No mxan in a profession as highly technical as the navy can win 
great success unless he has been specially brought up in and trained 
for that profession, and has devoted his life to the work. Step by step 
Farragut rose, but never had an opportunity of distinguishing him- 
self in his profession until, when he was sixty years old, the Civil War 
broke out. He was made flag-ofUcer of the Gulf squadron; and the 
first success that the Union forces met with in the southwest was 
scored when one night he burst the iron chains stretched across the 



THE FLAG WAVES OVER. 



93 



Mississippi, swept past the forts, sank the rams and gunboats that 
sought to bar his way, and captured New Orleans. 

In the last year of the war he was permitted to attempt the cap- 
ture of Mobile. All he wanted was a chance to fight. He possessed 
splendid self-confidence, and utterly refused to be daunted by the 
rumors of the formidable nature of the defences against which he was 
to act. " I mean to be whipped or to whip my enemy," he said, " and 
not to be scared to death." 

The attack was made early on the morning of August 5. Every 
man in every craft was thrilling with excitement. For their foes who 
fought in sight, for the forts, the gunboats, and the great ironclad 
ram, they cared nothing; but all, save the very boldest, dreaded the 
torpedoes — the mines of death — which lay, they knew not where, 
thickly scattered through the channels. Farragut stood in the port 
main-rigging of the Hartford, close to the main-top, lashed to the mast. 
As they passed the forts, Farragut heard the explosion of a torpedo 
and saw the monitor Tecumseh, then but five hundred feet from the 
Hartford, reel violently, lurch heavily over, and go down head-fore- 
most. This was the crisis of the fight, and the crisis of Farragut's 
career. The column was halted in a narrow channel, right under the 
fire of the forts. A few moments' delay and confusion, and the golden 
chance would have been past, and the only question would have been 
as to the magnitude of the disaster. Ahead lay terrible danger, but 
ahead lay also triumph. The other ships would not obey the signal 
to go ahead, and the admiral himself resolved to take the lead. Back- 
ing hard, he got clear of the others and then went ahead very fast. 
A warning cry came that there were torpedoes ahead. " Go ahead, 
full speed," shouted the admiral, and he steamed forward. The cases 
of torpedoes were heard knocking against the bottom of the ship; but 
they failed to explode, and the Hartford went through the gates of 
Mobile Bay. Within three hours the Confederate flotilla was destroyed, 
the bay was won, and the forts around were helpless. 

Farragut had proved himself the peer of Nelson, and had added 
to the annals of the Union the page which tells of the greatest sea-fight 
in our history. — Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, adapted from '' Hero Tales." 



94 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

UNFURL OUR STANDARD HIGH. 

Unfurl our standard high! 

Its glorious folds shall wave 
Where'er the land looks to the sky, 

Or ocean's surges lave! 
And when, beneath its shade, the brave, 

With patriotic ire. 
Combat for glory or the grave, 

It shaU their hearts inspire 
With that chivalric spark which first 
Upon our foes in terror burst! 

Unfurl the stripes and stars! 

They evermore shall be 
Victorious on the field of Mars — 

Triumphant on the sea! 
And when th' o'erruling fates decree 

The bolt of war to throw, 
Thou, sacred banner of the free, 

Shall daunt the bravest foe; 
And never shall thy stars decline 
Till circling suns have ceased to shine. 

— Owen Grenliife Warren. 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

GROUP IV. 

THE FLAG IS SYMBOLIZED 

BY 

1. The Liberty Cap Song, The Liberty Cap. 

2. The Liberty Bell Song, The Liberty Bell. 

The Sword (War) Song, The Szvord of Bunker Hill. 

The Dove (Peace) Song, Angel of Peace. 

4. The Eagle Song, Where the Eagle is King. 

5. The Shield Song, Battle Hymn of the Republic. 

(95) 



3 



THE LIBERTY CAP. 



Words by Gertrude Sneller. 




T^w^ 



JT-UH^ 



^r? 



E. Dora Cogswell. 



^ti^ 



*tS2ilt3t 



Piano. 
Allegretto, 






* Fed. ^ Fed, 



f^^^ 



^^9-, ,^ 




Voice. 

nPi^^ 


V^' 


— ft- 




^ 


— ^' 


— N^ 
1 




-jv- 














^- 


-^ 


— M 


A^-i?--^r-i:- 


-ih 


— •- 


-^ 




-i^- 


-#— 


^ 


-^ 


— T ^- 


-- ^ 


-^ 


-W-^ 


-^- 


-f^ 


-p- 


_«_ 


_^__ 


^^ ^ IB il 




^ 


1/ 


* 






^ 


, 






-•— 


-^ 


y 


\^ 








kJ K y 




"^ 








^"^ 




-J • 














I. When 


old 


moth 


-er 


Free-dom 


a par 


- 


ty gave 


To 


her 


sons 


and her 


daugh - 


ters 


2. Now Co- 


lum 


-bi - 


a's 


cap 


was 


of red, white, 


and blue, 


And 


be-came 


her, 


the dear lit 


-tie 


3. She 

n h 1 


looked 


so 


charm-ing 


that night 


at 


the ball, 


With the lib - 


er 


-ty 


cap 


on 


her 


V 1 1? b 


! 




^> 


1 




_._. N 


1 




,^ 1 






__ 




IS 


1 




jV 1 


i^ b K^ 1 


J 


J 1 1 _ i _ 1 1 1 ! 11 


r"\^ 17 ' 


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THE LIBERTY CAP. 

E in America do not often see a liberty cap. That is indeed 
too bad. For there could not be a prettier emblem to 
grace the heads of America's boys and girls, whenever 
they wish to celebrate that Freedom which is the birth- 
right of every American. How straight the cap stands! With what 
a free and jaunty grace it carries itself! How the ever-beautiful red, 
white and blue blend in that bewitching headgear! So, may children 
often 

Don them to wear, 

Doff them to cheer, — for the Flag. 



SELECTIONS. 

FREEDOM. 
Of old sat Freedom on the heights, 

The thunders breaking at her feet; 
Above her shook the starry Hghts, 

She heard the torrents meet. 

There in her place she did rejoice, 
Self-gathered in her prophet mind. 

But fragmenls of her mighty voice, 
Came rolling on the wind. 

Then stepped she down thro' town and field 
To mingle v/ith the human race. 

And part by part to men revealed 
The fullness of her face. 

Grave mother of majestic works. 
From her isle altar gazing down, 

Who, godlike, grasps the triple forks, 
And kinglike, wears the crown, 
iioi) 



J 02 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Her open eyes desire the truth. 

The wisdom of a thousand years 
Is in them. May perpetual youth 

Keep dry their light from tears. 

That her fair form may stand and shine, 

Make bright our days and light our dreams, 

Turning to scorn with lips divine 
The falsehood of extremes. 

— Alfred Tennyson. 



All who stand beneath our banner are free. Ours is the only flag- 
that has in reality written upon it Liberty, Fraternity, Equality, the 
three grandest words in all the languages of men. Liberty: give to 
every man the fruit of his own labor, the labor of his hand and of his 
brain. Fraternity: every man in the right is my brother. EquaHty: 
the rights of all are equal. No race, no color, no previous condition, 
can change the rights of men. The Declaration of Independence has at 
last been carried out in letter and in spirit. To-day, the black man looks 
upon his child, and says: The avenues of distinction are open to you; 
upon your brow may fall the civic wreath. We are celebrating the 
courage and wisdom of our fathers, and the glad shout of a free people, 
the anthem of a grand nation, commencing at the Atlantic, is follow- 
ing the sun to the Pacific, across a continent of happy homes. — Robert 
G. Ingersoll. 

WILLIAM TELL's ADDRESS TO HIS NATIVE HILLS. 

Ye crags and peaks, I'm with you once again! 
I hold to you the hands you first beheld, 
To show they still are free! Methinks I hear 
A spirit in your echoes answer me, 
And bid your tenant welcome home again, 

O sacred forms, how fair, how proud you look! 
How high you lift your heads into the sky! 
How huge you are! how mighty, and how free! 
Ye are the things that tower, that shine; whose smile 
Makes glad, whose frown is terrible; whose forms. 
Robed or unrobed, do all the impress wear 
Of awe divine! Ye guards of liberty, 



THE FLAG SYMBOLIZED. 103 

I'm with you once again! I call to you 
With all my voice! I hold my hands to you, 
To show they still are free! I rush to you 
As though I could embrace you! 

Scaling yonder peak, 
I saw an eagle wheeling, near its brow, 
O'er the abyss. His broad expanded wings 
Lay calm and motionless upon the air, 
As if he floated there, without their aid, 
By the sole act of his unlorded will 
That buoyed him proudly up. Instinctively 
I bent my bow; yet wheeled he, heeding not 
The death that threatened him. I could not shoot. 
'Twas liberty! I turned my bow aside. 
And let him soar away. 

Oh! with what pride I used 
To walk these hills, look up to God, 
And bless Him that 'twas free. 'Twas free! 
From end to end, from clifT to lake^ 'twas free! 
Free as our torrents are, that leap our rocks, 
And plough our valleys, without asking leave; 
Or as our peaks that wear their caps of snow. 
In very presence of the regal sun. 
How happy was I then! I loved 
Its very storms. Yes, I have >^at and eyed 
The thunder breaking from his cloud, and smiled 
To see him shake his lightnings o'er my head; 
To think I had no master save his own. 

Ye know the jutting cliff, round which a track 
Up hither winds, whose base is but the brow 
To such another one, with scanty room 
For two abreast to pass? O'ertaken there 
By the mountain blast, I've laid me fiat along; 
The while, gust followed gust more furiously. 
As if to sweep me o'er the horrid brink, 
And I have thought of other lands, whose storms 
Are summer flaws to those of mine, and just 
Have wished me there. The thought that mine was free 
Has checked that wish, and I have raised my head, 
And cried in thraldom to that furious wind, 
Blow on! This is a land of liberty! 

— /. Sheridan Knozules. 



104 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

THE VISION OF LIBERTY. 

A massive castle, far and high, 

In towering grandeur broke upon my eye. 
Proud in its strength and years, the ponderous pile 

Flung up its time-defying towers; 
Its lofty gates seemed scornfully to smile 

At vain assaults of human powers, 
And threats and arms deride. 
Its gorgeous carvings of heraldic pride 

In giant masses graced the walls above; 

And dungeons yawned below. 

Bursting on my steadfast gaze. 

See, within, a sudden blaze! 
So small at first, the zephyr's slightest swell. 

That scarcely stirs the pine-tree top, 

Nor makes the withered leaf to drop, 
The feeble fluttering of that flame would quell. 

But soon it spread, 

Waving, rushing, fierce and red. 

From waU to wall, from town to town. 

Raging with resistless power; 

Till every fervent pillar glowed, 

And every stone seemed burning coal. 

Beautiful, fearful, grand. 

Silent as death, I saw the fabric stand. 

At length a crackling sound began; 

From side to side, throughout the pile it ran; 

And louder yet and louder grew, 

Till now in rattling thunder peals it grew; 

Huge, shivered fragments from the pillars broke. 

Like fier}'- sparkles from the anvil's stroke. 

The shattered walls wevQ rent and riven. 

And piecemeal driven, 

Like blazing comets through the troubled sky. 

'Tis done; what centuries have reared 

In quick explosion disappeared, 
Nor e'en its ruins met my wondering eye. 

But in their place. 

Bright with more than human grace. 

Robed in more than mortal seeming. 
Radiant glory in her face. 

And eyes with heaven's own brightness gleaming, 



THE FLAG SYMBOLIZED. 

Rose a fair, majestic form, 

As the mild rainbow from the storm. 

I marked her smile, I knew her eye; 

And when with gesture of command, 
She waved aloft a cap-crowned wand, 

My slumber fled 'mid shouts of " Liberty." 



Read ye the dream? and know ye not 

How truly it unlocked the world of fate? 

Went not the flame from this illustrious spot, 

And spread it not, and burns in every state? 

And when their old and cumbrous walls. 
Filled with this spirit, glow intense, 
Vainly they rear their impotent defence: 

The fabric falls! 

That fervent energy must spread. 

Till despotism's towers be overthrown. 

And in their stead 

Liberty stands alone. 



Hasten the day, just Heaven! 

Accomplish thy design. 
And let the blessings thou hast freely given 

Freely on all men shine. 
Till equal rights be equally enjoyed, 
And human power for human good employed; 
Till law, not man, the sovereign rule sustain. 
And peace and virtue undisputed reign. 



THE BLACK REGIMENT. 

Dark as the clouds of even, 
Ranked in the western heaven, 
Waiting the breath that lifts 
All the dead mass, and drifts 
Tempest and falling brand 
Over a ruined land; — 
So still and orderly, 
Arm to arm, knee to knee, 
Waiting the great event, 
Stands the black regiment. 



105 



■Henry Ware, Jr. 



I06 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Down the long, dusky line 
Teeth gleam and eyeballs shine; 
And the bright bayonet. 
Bristling and firmly set, 
Flashed with a purpose grand, 
Long ere the sharp command 
Of the fierce rolling drum 
Told them their time had come, 
Told them what work was sent 
For the black regiment. 

" Now," the flag-sergeant cried, 
" Though death and hell betide. 
Let the whole nation see 
If we are fit to be 
Free in this land; or bound 
Down, like the whining hound — 
Bound with red stripes of pain 
In our cold chains again!" 
Oh! what a shout there went 
From the black regiment! 

** Charge!" Trump and drum awoke; 
Onward the bondmen broke; 
Bayonet and sabre-stroke 
Vainly opposed their rush. 
Through the wild battle's crush, 
With but one thought aflush, 
D-riving their lords like chaff. 
In the guns' mouths they laugh; 
Or at the slippery brands 
Leaping with open hands, 
Down they tear man and horse, 
Down in their awful course; 
Trampling with bloody heel 
Over the crashing steel; — 
All their eyes forward bent. 
Rushed the black regiment. 

'■'Freedom!" their battle-cry — 
"Freedom! or leave to die!" 
Ah! and they meant the word. 
Not as with us 'tis heard, 



THE FLAG SYMBOLIZED. 

Not a mere party shout; 
They gave their spirits out, 
Trusted the end to God, 
And on the gory sod 
Rolled in triumphant blood; 
Glad to strike one free blow. 
Whether for weal or woe; 
Glad to breathe one free breath. 
Though on the lips of death; 
Praying — alas! in vain! — 
That they might fall again, 
So they could once more see 
That burst to liberty! 
This was what " freedom " lent 
To the black regiment. 

Hundreds on hundreds fell; 
But they are resting well; 
Scourges and shackles strong 
Never shall do them wrong. 
Oh, to the living few, 
Soldiers, be just and true! 
Hail them as comrades tried; 
Fight with them side by side; 
Never, in field or tent. 
Scorn the black regiment. 



107 



— George Heivry Boker. 



OUR STATE. 



The south-land boasts its teeming cane, 
The prairied west its heavy grain, 
And sunset's radiant gates unfold 
On rising marts and sands of gold! 

Rough, bleak, and hard, our little State 
Is scant of soil, of limits strait; 
Her yellow sands are sands alone. 
Her only mines are ice and stone! 

From autumn frost to April rain. 
Too long her winter woods complain; 
From budding flower to falling leaf, 
Her summer time is all too brief. 



108 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Yet, on her rocks, and on her sands, 
And wintry hills, the school-house stands; 
And what her rugged soil denies 
The harvest of the mind supplies. 

The riches of the commonv/ealth 

And free, strong minds, and hearts of health; 

And, more to her than gold or grain. 

The running hand and cultured brain. 

For well she keeps her ancient stock. 
The stubborn strength of Pilgrim Rock; 
And still maintains, with milder laws 
And clearer light, the good old cause! 

k 

Nor heeds the sceptic's puny hands. 

While near her school the church-spire stands; 

Nor fears the blinded bigot's rule, 

While near her church-spire stands the school. 

— John Greenleaf WhiUier 



W. K. W. 

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THE LIBERTY BELL. 




HAT boy or girl is there in all this broad land who 
does not know the story of the wonderful old 
Liberty Bell; how it rang out the glorious tid- 
ings of the adoption of the Declaration of In- 
dependence? How this message came down 
from the steeple as though sent from the skies 
to the eager and cheering crowds in the streets 
of Philadelphia? How the bell, now old and 
cracked, bears upon its surface those words 
which can never be uttered without stirring 

the pulse of every patriot, '' Proclaim Liberty throughout all the land 

to all the inhabitants thereof.'* 

SELECTIONS. 

INDEPENDENCE BELL, JULY 4; 1 776. 

There was tumult in the city. 

In the quaint old Quaker's town, — 
And the streets were rife with people, 

Pacing, restless, up and down; — 
People, gathering at corners, 

Where they whispered, each to each, 
And the sweat stood on their temples. 

With the earnestness of speech. 

As the bleak Atlantic currents 

Lash the wild Newfoundland shore, 
So they beat against the State House, — 

So they surged against the door; 
And the mingling of their voices 

Made a harmony profound, 
Till the quiet street of Chestnut 

Was all turbulent with sound. 
(Ill) 



112 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM 

"Will they do it?" — "Dare they do it?" — 

"Who is speaking?" — "What's the news?" 
"What of Adams?" — "What of Sherman?" — 

"Oh, God grant they won't refuse!" — 
" Make some way there! " — " Let me nearer! " 

"I am stifling!" — " Stifle, then! 
When a nation's life's at hazard, 

We've no time to think of men!" 

So they beat against the portal, 

Man and woman, maid and child; 
And the July sun in heaven 

On the scene looked down and smiled; 
The same sun that saw the Spartan 

Shed his patriot blood in vain, 
Now beheld the soul of Freedom, 

All unconquered, rise again. 

See! See! The dense crowd quivers 

Through all its lengthy line, 
As the boy beside the portal 

Looks forth to give the sign! 
With his small hands upward lifted, 

Breezes dallying with his hair, 
Hark! with deep, clear intonation. 

Breaks his young voice on the air. 

Hushed the people's swelling murmur, 

List the boy's strong, joyous cry! 
"Ring!'' he shouts, "Ring! Grandpa, 

Ring! Oh, Ring for Liberty!" 
And, straightway, at the signal, 

The old bellman lifts his hand. 
And sends the good news, making 

Iron music through the land. 

How they shouted! V/hat rejoicing! 

How the old bell shook the air. 
Till the clang of Freedom ruffled 

The calm, gliding Delaware! 
How the bonfires and the torches 

Illumed the night's repose, 
And from the flames, like Phoenix, 

Fair Liberty arose! 



THE FLAG SYMBOUZED. n^ 

That old bell now is silent, 

And hushed its iron tongue, 
But the spirit it awakened 

Still lives, — forever young. 
And, while we greet the sunlight, 

On the fourth of each July^ 
We'll ne'er forget the bellman, 

Who, 'twixt the earth and sky. 
Rung out Our Independence; 

Which, please God, shall never die! 



THE BELL. 

In some strange land and time, — for so the story runs, — they 
were about to found a bell for a mighty tower, — a hollow, starless 
heaven of iron. 

It should toll for dead monarchs, " The king is dead; " and it 
should make glad clamor for the new prince, *' Long live the king! " 
It should proclaim so great a passion, or so grand a pride, that either 
would be worshipped; or, wanting these, forever hold its peace. Now, 
this bell was not to be dug out of the cold mountain; it was to be made 
of something that had been warmed with a human touch, or loved 
with a human love. 

And so the people came like pilgrims to a shrine, and cast their 
offerings into the furnace. 

By and by, the bell was alone in its chamber; and its four windows 
looked out to the four quarters of heaven. For many a day it hung 
dumb. 

The winds came and v/ent, but they only set it sighing; birds came 
and sang under its eaves, but it was an iron horizon of dead melody 
still. All the meaner strifes and passions of men rippled on below it; 
they out-grouped the ants; they out-wrought the bees; they out- 
watched the shepherds of Chaldea; but the chamber of the bell was as 
dumb as the cave of Machpelah. 

At last there came a time when men grew grand for Right and 
Truth, and stood shoulder to shoulder over all the land, and went down 
like reapers to the harvest of death; looked into the graves of them 

8 



114 MANUAL GF PATRIOTISM. 

that slept, and believed there was something- grander than living; 
glanced on into the far future, and discerned there was something 
better than dying; and so, standing between the quick and the dead, 
they quitted themselves like men. 

Then the bell awoke in its chamber; and the great wave of its 
music rolled gloriously out, and broke along the blue walls of the 
world like an anthem. Poured into that fiery heat together, the 
humblest gifts were blent in one great wealth, and accents feeble as a 
sparrow's song grew eloquent and strong; and lo! a people's stately soul 
heaved on the waves of a mighty voice. 

We thank God, in this our day, for the furnace and the fire; for the 
good sword and the true v/ord; for the great triumph and the little 
song. 

By the memory of the Ramah into which war has turned the land, 
for the love of the Rachels now lamenting within it, for the honor of 
Heaven and the hope of mankind, let us who stand here, past and 
present clasping hands over our heads, the broad age dwindled to a 
line under our feet, and ridged with the graves of dead martyrs; let us 
declare before God and these witnesses, — " We will finish the Work 
that the Fathers began." — B. F. Taylor. 




THE SV/ORD. 

T may seem strange to call upon the boys and girls of the 
Empire State to celebrate the sword — the instrument 
by which, in days gone by, in our own land, thousands 
have been slain. For the Sword here stands for muskets^ 
bayonets, guns — small and great — and every sort of 
w^eapon by which brave men have lost their lives in bat- 
tle. In other words, it stands for War, with all its cruelties and horrors. 
And yet, there come times in the history of every people when they 
must draw the sword, or perish. Bad as war always is, slavery is 
worse, the loss of freedom is worse. That is why the American colo- 
nists, armed with old-fashioned flint-lock muskets, stood so bravely 
against the attacks of the British redcoats; that is why 

" The farmers gave them ball for ball^ 
From behind each fence and barnyard wall." 

Yes, and more than that: At first the colonists were anxious 
merely to secure such rights as they thought were fairly theirs under 
the British government; but soon and fast grew the wish for Inde- 
pendence — the gift of God to all men. Now, was it not worth while 
to fight in such a cause and to gain such a priceless thing? Let other 
examples be recalled, and let us not be afraid to rejoice over all true 
victories won by The Sword. 



SELECTIONS. 

Americans need to keep in mind the fact that as a nation they 
have erred far more often in not being willing to fight than in being 
too wilHng, Once roused, our countrymen have always been danger- 
ous and hard-fighting foes, but they have been over-difficult to rouse. 
The educated classes in particular need to be perpetually reminded that, 

(115) 



Xl6 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

though it is an evil thing to brave a conflict needlessly, or to bully and 
bluster, it is an even worse thing to flinch from a fight for which there 
is legitimate provocation. 

America is bound scrupulously to respect the rights of the weak, 
but she is no less bound to make stalwart insistence on her own rights 
as against the strong. — Gov. Theodore Roosevelt. 



THE RISING IN I776. 

Out of the North the wild news came. 
Far flashing on its wings of flame, 
Swift as the boreal light which flies 
At midnight through the startled skies. 
And there was tumult in the air, 

The fife's shrill note, the drum's loud beat, 
And through the wide land everywhere 

The answering tread of hurrying feet; 
While the first oath of Freedom's gun 
Came on the blast from Lexington; 
And Concord roused, no longer tame, 
Forgot her old baptismal name, 
Made bare her patriot arm of power, 
And swelled the discord of the hour. 

Within its shade of elm and oak 

The church of Berkeley Manor stood; 
There Sunday found the rural folk, 

And some esteemed of gentle blood. 

In vain their feet with loitering tread 
Passed 'mid the graves where rank is naught; 
All could not read the lesson taught 

In that republic of the dead. 

The pastor came; his snowy locks 

Hallowed his brow of thought and care; 

And calmly, as shepherds lead their flocks, 
He led into the house of prayer. 

The pastor rose; the prayer was strong; 

The psalm was warrior David's song; 

The text, a few short words of might, 

"The Lord of hosts shall arm the right! " 



THE FLAG SYMBOLIZED. 

He spoke of wrongs too long endured, 
Of sacred rights to be secured; 
Then from his patriot tongue of flame 
The startling words for freedom came. 
The stirring sentences he spake 
Compelled the heart to glow or quake; 
And, rising on his theme's broad wing, 

And grasping in his nervous hand 

The imaginary battle brand, 
In face of death he dared to fling 
Defiance to a tyrant king. 

Even as he spoke, his frame, renewed 
In eloquence of attitude, 
Rose, as it seemed, a shoulder higher; 
Then swept his kindling glance of fire 
From startled pew to breathless choir; 
When suddenly his mantle wide 
His hands impatient flung aside. 
And lo! he met their wondering eyes, 
Complete, in all a warrior's guise. 

A moment there was awful pause. 

When Berkeley cried, " Cease, traitor! cease, 

God's temple is the house of peace! " 

The other shouted, "Nay, not so! 
When God is with our righteous cause 
His holiest places, then, are ours. 
His temples are our forts and towers. 

That frown upon the tyrant foe; 
In this, the dawn of Freedom's day, 
There is a time to fight and pray! " 

And now before the open door. 
The warrior priest had ordered so, 

The enlisting trumpet's sudden roar 

Rang through the chapel o'er and o'er. 
Its long reverberating blow, 

So loud and clear, it seemed the ear 

Of dusty death must wake and hear. 

And there the startlmg drum and fife 

Fired the living with fiercer life; 



117 



Il8 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

While overhead, vv^ith wild increase, 
Forgetting its ancient toll of peace, 

The great bell swung as ne'er before; 
It seemed as it would never cease; 
And every word its ardor flung 
From off its jubilant iron tongue 

Was, "War! War! War!" 

"Who dares?" this was the patriot's cry, 
As striding from the desk he came, 
" Come out with me, m Freedom's name. 
For her to live, for her to die?" 
A hundred hands flung up reply, 
A hundred voices answered, " I." 

— T. Buchanan Read. 



Be it in the defense or be it in the assertion of a people's rights, I 
hail the sword as a sacred weapon; and if it has sometimes taken too 
deep a dye, yet, like the anointed rod of the High Priest, it has at 
other times, and as often, blossomed into celestial flowers to deck the 
freeman's brow. Abhor the sword? Stigmatize the sword? No! for 
in the passes of the Tyrol it cut to pieces the banner of the Bavarian, 
and through those craggy defiles struck a path to fame for the peasant 
insurrectionist of Innspruck, Abhor the sword? Stigmatize the 
sword? No! for it swept the Dutch marauders out of the fine old 
towns of Belgium, scourged them back to their own phlegmatic 
swamps, and knocked their flag and sceptre, their laws and bayonets 
into the sluggish waters of the Scheldt. Abhor the sword? Stigma- 
tize the sword? NO! For at its blow a giant nation started from 
the waters of the Atlantic, and by the redeeming magic of the sword, 
and in the quivering of its crimson light, the crippled colonies sprang 
into the attitude of a proud repubhc, — prosperous, limitless, invinci- 
ble. — Thomas Francis Meagher. 



THE SWORD OF BUNKER HILL. 



William Ross Wallace. 
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Music used by permission of Oliver Ditson Company, owners of copyright. 



ANGEL OF PEACE. 



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PEACE. 



THE DOVE. 




DOVE is quite a common sight to children Hving" 
in the country — and a great many boys and girls 
could write very interesting compositions about 
its beauty, its quiet ways, and its contented life. 
They could weave into their thoughts, also, that 
beautiful story of olden times about the dove that 
was once sent forth from an ark, at a time when the whole of the 
Earth's surface was covered with water, to see if she could find a 
resting place "for the sole of her foot;" and how at first she could 
find none, but going forth again, after seven days resting in the ark, 
she returned at evening — '' and, lo, in her mouth was an olive leaf 
pluckt off; " so the people in the ark knew that the waters had abated. 
Well, ever since that time, almost, the oHve leaf, or branch, has meant 
victory — just as the dry land gained a victory over the water, — and 
the Dove has been the symbol of Peace — just as peace and happiness 
came to the dwellers shut up in the storm-tossed ark on the top of the 
mountain. Now what more pleasant celebration can happy children 
have, than to read and talk and sing about the glory and prosperity 
which comes to a nation that is at peace with all the world? Let us 
talk about the sword and cruel war v/hen we must because our country 
is in peril; but let the songs of Peace and its praises be ever upon our 
lips, until 



" The war-drums beat no longer, 
And the battle-flags are furled 
In the Parliament of Man, 
The Federation of the World." 
(125) 



126 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



SELECTIONS. 

There is a story told 
In Eastern tents, when autumn nights grow cold, 
And round the fire the Mongol shepherds sit 
With grave responses listening unto it; 
Once, on the errands of his mercy bent, 
Buddha, the holy and benevolent. 
Met a fell monster, huge and fierce of look, 
Whose awful voice the hills and forests shook. 
"O son of Peace!" the giant cried, "thy fate 
Is sealed at last, and love shall yield to hate." 
The unarmed Buddha looking, with no trace 
Of fear or anger, in the monster's face, 

With pity said: " Poor fiend, even thee I love." 
Lo! as he spake, the sky-tall terror sank 
To hand-breadth size; the huge abhorrence shrank 

Into the form and fashion of a dove; 
And where the thunder of its rage was heard. 
Brooding above him sweetly sang the bird; 
" Hate hath no harm for love," so ran the song, 
And peace unweaponed conquers every wrong! " 

— John Greenleaf WUttier. 



It is a beautiful picture in Grecian story, that there was at least 
one spot, the small island of Delos, dedicated to the gods, and kept at 
all times sacred from war. No hostile foot ever sought to press this 
kindly soil; and the citizens of all countries here met, in common 
worship, beneath the aegis of inviolable peace. So let us dedicate our 
beloved country; and may the blessed consecration be felt in all its 
parts, throughout its ample domain! The temple of honor shall 
be surrounded here at last, by the Temple of Concord, that it 
may never more be entered by any portal of war; the horn of abun- 
dance shall overflow at its gates; the angel of religion shall be the 
guide over its steps of flashing adamant; while within its enraptured 
courts, purged of violence and wrong, justice, returning to earth 
from her long exile in the skies, with mighty scales for nations as for 
men, shall rear her serene and majestic front; and by her side, greatest 



THE FLAG SYMBOLIZED. 127 

of all, CHARITY, sublime in meekness, hoping all and enduring all, 
shall divinely temper every righteous decree and with words of infinite 
cheer shall inspire those good works that cannot vanish away. And 
the future chiefs of the Republic, destined to uphold the glories of a 
new era, unspotted by human blood, shall be '* the first in Peace, and 
the first in the hearts of their countrymen." 

But while seeking these blissful glories for ourselves, let us strive 
to extend them to other lands. Let the bugles sound the Truce of God 
to the whole world forever. Let the selfish boast of the Spartan 
women become the grand chorus of mankind, that they have never 
seen the smoke of an enemy's camp. Let the iron belt of martial 
music, which now encompasses the earth, be exchanged for the golden 
cestus of Peace, clothing all with celestial beauty. — Charles Sumner , 
from " The True Grandeur of Nations," an oration delivered before the 
authorities of the city of Boston, July 4, 1845. 



THE ARSENAL AT SPRINGFIELD. 

This is the arsenal. From floor to ceiling, 
Like a huge organ, rise the burnished arms; 

But from their silent pipes no anthem pealing 
Startles the villages with strange alarms. 

Ah! what a sound will rise, how wild and dreary, 
When the Death-angel touches these swift keys I 

What loud lament and dismal Miserere 
Will mingle with their awful symphonies! 

I hear even now the infinite fierce chorus, 
The cries of agony, the endless groan. 

Which, through the ages that have gone before us. 
In long reverberations reach our own. 

On helm and harness rings the Saxon hammer, 
Through Cimbric forest roars the Norseman's song, 

And loud, amid the universal clamor, 

O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar gong. 



128 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

I hear the Florentine, who from his palace 
Wheels out his battlei-bell with dreadful din, 

And Aztec priests upon their teocallis 

Beat the wiid war-drums made of serpent's skin. 



The tumult of each sacked and burning village; 

The shout that every prayer for mercy drowns; 
The soldiers' revels in the midst of pillage; 

The wail of famine in beleaguered towns; 

The bursting shell, the gateway wrenched asunder, 
The rattling musketry, the clashing blade; 

And ever and anon, in tones of thunder, 
The diapason of the cannonade. 

Is it, O man, with such discordant noises, 
With such accursed instruments as these, 

Thou drownest Nature's sweet and kindly voices, 
And j arrest the celestial harmonies? 

Were half the power that fills the world with terror, 
Were half the wealth bestowed on camps and courts, 

Given to redeem the human mind from error, 
There were no need of arsenals or forts: 

The warrior's name would be a name abhorred! 

And every nation that should lift again 
Its hand against a brother, on its forehead 

Would wear for evermore the curse of Cain! 

Down the dark future, through long generations. 
The echoing sounds grow fainter, and then cease; 

And like a bell, with solemn, sweet vibrations, 
/ hear once more the voice of Christ say, "Peace! " 

Peace! and no longer from its brazen portals 
The blast of War's great organ shakes the skies! 

But, beautiful as songs of the immortals. 
The holy melodies of love arise. 



— H. W. Longfellow, 




THE EAGLE. 



HIS, surely, is true: If you have ever seen an Eagle 
shut up in a cage, deprived of the power to fly, and 
no scream of triumph ever issuing from his throat, it 
must have given you a faint idea of the forlorn and 
unhappy plight of any human being when deprived of 

liberty, pining away in hopeless captivity. 

If you have ever watched that same bird flying high and strong, 

or have seen him. perched upon some tall clifif or crag, rejoicing in the 

upper air, and gazing with unblinking eyes upon the sun, — you have 

seen a fine illustration of the joys of Freedom. 

SELECTIONS. 

THE EAGLE. 
Bird of the broad and sweeping wing 

Thy home is high in heaven, 
Where wide the storms their banners fling, 

And the tempest clouds are driven. 
Thy throne is on the mountain top; 

Thy fields — the boundless air; 
And hoary peaks that proudly prop 

The skies, thy dwellings are. 



And where was then thy fearless flight? 

" O'er the dark, mysterious sea. 
To the lands that caught the setting light, 

The cradle of liberty. 
Tliere on the silent and lonely shore, 

For ages I watched alone, 
And the world, in its darkness, asked no more 

Where the glorious bird had flown. 

But then came a bold and hardy few, 
And they breasted the unknown wave; 

I caught afar the wandering crew. 

And I knew they were high and brave. 

9 (129) 



130 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

I wheeled around the welcome bark, 

As it sought the desolate shore; 
And up to heaven, like a joyous lark, 

M'y quivering pinions bore. 

And now that bold and hardy few 

Are a nation wide and strong; 
And danger and doubt I have led them through, 

And they worship me in song; 
And over their bright and glancing arms 

On field, and lake, and sea, 
With an eye that fires, and a spell that charms, 

I guide them to victory." 

— James Gates Percival, 

THE AMERICAN EAGLE. 

Bird of Columbia! well art thou 

An emblem of our native land; 
With unblenched front and noble brow, 

Among the nations doomed to stand; 
Proud, like her mighty mountain woods; 

Like her own rivers wandering free; 
And sending forth from hills and floods 

The joyous shout of liberty! 
Like thee, majestic bird! like thee. 

She stands in unbought majesty, 
With spreading wing, untired and strong, 

That dares a soaring far and long. 
That mounts aloft, nor looks below. 

And will not quail, though tempests blow 

The admiration of the earth. 
In grand simplicity she stands; 

Like thee, the storms beheld her birth, 
And she was nursed by rugged hands; 

But, past the fierce and furious war, 
Her rising fame new glory brings. 

For kings and nobles come from far 
To seek the shelter of her wings. 
And like thee, rider of the cloud. 
She mounts the heavens, serene and proud, 
Great in a pure and noble fame, 
Great in her spotless champion's name, 
And destined in her day to be 
Mighty as Rome, more nobly free. — C. W. Thompson. 



WHERE THE EAGLE IS KING, 



1 



Thomas Buchanan Read. 
Martial style. 



William F. Hartley. 



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WHERE THE EAGLE IS KING. 



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And laugh at King George,where the Ea - gle is king. 




THE FLAG SYMBOLIZED. 

THE GRAY FOREST EAGLE. 
******** 

An emblem of freedom, stern, haughty, and high, 

Is the Gray Forest Eagle, that king of the sky. 

When his shadows steal black o'er the empires of kings, 

Deep terror, — deep, heart-shaking terror, — he brings; 

Where wicked oppression is armed for the weak, 

There rustles his pinion, there echoes his shriek; 

His eye flames with vengeance, he sweeps on his way. 

And his talons are bathed in the blood of his prey. 

O, that Eagle of Freedom! when cloud upon cloud 
Swathed the sky of my own native land with a shroud. 
When lightnings gleamed fiercely, and thunderbolts rung, 
How proud to the tempest those pinions were flung! 
Though the wild blast of battle rushed fierce through the air 
With darkness and dread, still the eagle was there; 
Unquailing, still speeding his swift flight was on. 
Till the rainbow of peace crowned the victory won. 

O, that Eagle of Freedom! age dims not his eye, 
He has seen earth's mortality spring, bloom, and die! 
He has seen the strong nations rise, flourish, and fall, 
He mocks at Time's changes, he triumphs o'er all; 
He has seen our own land with forests o'erspread. 
He sees it with sunshine and joy on its head; 
And his presence will bless this his own chosen clime, 
Till the Archangel's fiat is set upon time. 

— Alfred B. Street. 

THE EAGLE. 

He clasps the crag with crooked hands; 
Close to the sun in lonely lands, 
Ring'd with the azure world, he stands. 

The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls; 
He watches from his mountain walls; 
And like a thunderbolt he falls. 

-"Alfred Tennyson, 



133 



134 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



Many years ago, a white-headed eagle was taken from its nest 
when only four months old, and sold to a Wisconsin farm.er for a 
bushel of corn. The bird was very intelligent, and attracted the atten- 
tion of a gentleman, who purchased and presented him to the Eighth 
Regiment of Wisconsin, then preparing to go to the front. The eagle 
was gladly received, and given a place next to the regimental flag. 
For three years he followed the " Live Eagle Regiment/' being near 
its flag in thirty battles. 

This majestic bird was always moved and most demonstrative at 
the sound of martial music. He shared all the battles of the regiment, 
but no drop of his blood was ever sacrificed. Vainly did rebel sharp- 
shooters aim at his dark figure, conspicuously '' painted on the crimson 
sky; " he seemed to bear a charmed life; and his loyal comrades almost 
looked up to him as their leader, and with pride believed in him as a 
bird of good omen. He was named '' Old Abe," sworn into the ser- 
vice, and proved to be every inch a soldier, listening to and obeying 
orders, noting time most accurately, always after the first year giving 
heed to " attention," insisting upon being in the thickest of the fight, 
and when his comrades, exposed to great danger from the terrible fire 
of the enemy, were ordered to lie down, he would flatten himself upon 
the ground with them, rising when they did, and with outspread pin- 
ions soar aloft over the carnage and smoke of the battle. When the 
cannons were pouring forth destruction and death, above the roar and 
thunder of the artillery rose his wild, shrill, battle-cry of freedom. He 
was always restless before the march to the encounter, but after the 
smoke of the battlefield had cleared away he would doff his soldier- 
like bearing, and with wild screams of delight would manifest his joy 
at the victory; but if defeat was the result his discomfiture and deep 
sorrow was manifested by every movement of his stately figure, but 
drooping head. — Adapted from M. S. Porter. 




THE SHIELD. 

OW great was the reliance of the Roman soldier upon 
his shield! "With it, he warded off the arrows of his 
enemies aimed at his body; holding- it over him, like 
a roof, he sheltered his head from storms of mis- 
siles hurled at him from higher places. But woe be 
to him, if his shield was not strong enough to vv^th- 
stand the weapons dashed against it! 

Recall, also, the command of the Spartan mother to her soldier- 
son: ''My son, return with your shield or upon it." That meant 
that the soldier was to win the victory if possible; if not, was to give 
up his life in defense of his country, and be borne home upon his shield 
as a pall of honor. 

So, Our Country is a shield of Law and Justice, giving to every 
citizen its sure and safe protection. ]\Iay that shield never be so 
weak that it cannot withstand the attacks of any and ever}^ foe! 

On the other hand, every citizen should be as a shield for his 
country — trying to win right victories for her, or ready, if need be, to 
die for her, like the Spartan soldier of old. 

SELECTIONS. 

THE TRUE PATRIOT. 

E'en when in hostile fields he bleeds to save her, 

'Tis not his blood he loses, 'tis his country's; 

He only pays her back a debt he owes. 

To her he's bound for birth and education, 

Her laws secure him from domestic feuds, 

And from, the foreign foe her arms protect him. 

She lends him honors, dignity, and rank. 

His wrong revenges, and his merit pays; 

And like a tender and indulgent mother, 

Loads him with comforts, and would make his state 

As blessed as nature and the gods designed it. 

— William Cowper. 
(135) 



136 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



I do not know how far the United States of America can inter- 
fere in Turkey, but American citizens are suffering in Armenia, and 
so far as American citizens are concerned, I would protect them there 
at any cost. We have given no assent to the agreement of European 
nations that the Dardanelles should be closed; and if it were necessary 
to protect American citizens and their property, I would order United 
States ships^ in spite of forts, in spite of agreements, to sail up the 
Dardanelles, plant themselves before Constantinople, and demand that 
Am.erican citizens should have the protection to which they are entitled. 
I do not love Great Britain particularly; but I think that one of the 
grandest things in all the history of Great Britain is that she does 
protect her subjects everywhere, anywhere, and under all circum- 
stances. This incident is a marvellous illustration of the protection 
which Great Britain gives to her subjects: The King of Abyssinia took 
a British subject, about twenty years ago, carried him up to the fortress 
of Magdala, on the heights of a rocky mountain, and put him into a 
dungeon, without cause assigned. It took six months for Great 
Britain to find that out. Then she demanded his immediate release. 
King Theobald refused. In less than ten days after that refusal was 
received, ten thousand English soldiers were on board ships of war, 
and were sailing down the coast. When they reached the coast, they 
were disembarked, marched across that terrible country, a distance of 
seven hundred miles, under a burning sun, up the mountain, up to the 
very heights in front of the frowning dungeon; and there they gave 
battle, battered down the iron gates of the stone walls, reached down 
into the dungeon, and lifted out of it that one British subject. Then 
they carried him down the mountain, across the land, put him on board 
a white-vv^inged ship, and sped him home in safety. That cost Great 
Britain twenty-five millions of dollars. But was it not a great thing 
for a great country to do? A country that can see across the ocean, 
across the land, away up to the mountain height, and away down to 
the darksome dungeon, one subject of hers, out of thirty-eight millions 
of people, and then has an arm strong enough, and long enough to 
stretch across the same ocean, across the same lands, up the same 
mountain heights, down to the same dungeon, and lift him out and 



THE FLAG SYMBOLIZED. 1 37 

carry him home to his own country and friends, in God's name, who 
would not die for a country that will do that? Well, our country will 
do it, and our country ought to do it; and all that I ask is that our 
country shall model itself after Great Britain in this one thing: The 
life of an American citizen must be protected, wherever he may be. — 
William P. Frye, from a speech delivered in the United States Senate, 
on the Armenian resolutions. 



STARS IN MY COUNTRY'S SKY ARE YE ALL THERE? 

Are ye all there? Are ye all there. 

Stars in my country's sky? 
Are ye all there? Are ye all there, 

In your shining homes on high? 
"Count us! Count us," was their answer, 

As they dazzled on my view, 
In glorious perihelion, 

Amid their field of Wue. 

I cannot count ye rightly; 

There's a cloud with sable rim; 
I cannot make your number out, 

For my eyes with tears are dim. 
O bright and blessed angel. 

On white wing floating by, 
Help me to count, and not to miss 

One star in my country's sky! 

Then the angel touched mine eyelids, 

And touched the frowning cloud; 
And its sable rim departed, 

And it fled with murky shroud. 
There was no missing Pleiad 

'Mid all that sister race; 
The Southern Cross gleamed radiant forth, 

And the Pole Star kept its place. 

Then I knew it was the angel 

Who woke the hymning strain 
That at our Redeemer's birth 

Pealed out o'er Bethlehem's plain; 



138 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

And still its heavenly key-stone 

My listening country held. 
For all her constellated stars 

The diapason swelled. 



Lydia Huntley Sigourney. 



E PLURIBUS UNUM. 

Though many and bright are the stars that appear 

In that flag by our country unfurled, 
And the stripes that are swelling in majesty there, 

Like a rainbow adorning the world, 
Their light is unsullied as those in the sky 

By a deed that our fathers have done. 
And they're linked in as true and as holy a tie 

In their motto of " Many in one." 



Then up with our flag! — let it stream on the air; 

Though our fathers are cold in their graves, 
They had hands that could strike, they had souls that could dare, 

And their sons were not born to be slaves. 
Up, up with that banner! where'er it may call, 

Our millions shall rally around, 
And a nation of freemen that moment shall fall 

When its stars shall be trailed on the ground. 

— George Washington Cutler. 



BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC. 



Note: — This song was inspired by a visit of Mrs. Howe to the " Circling Camps " around Washington, gathered for the defence of 
the Capital, early in the War of 1861-5. 



A llecrretto. 




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Julia Ward Howe. 

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By special arrangement with Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

GROUP V. 
THE FLAG ILLUMINES THE TABLEAUX 

OF 

1. The Minute Man, 3. March of Flags, 

2. Departure and Return of 4. Army and Navy, 

States, 5. Homage to Columbia, — 

and 
THE FLAG GLORIFIES THE PATRIOTIC UTTERANCES 

of 

1. Longfellow, 3. Holmes, 

2. Whittier, 4. Lowell. 

(141) 




TABLEAUX. 

HERE is hardly any kind of patriotic exercise in which 
children give so much pleasure, or from vvhich they re- 
ceive so much profit, as in the representation, in costume, 
of a great historical event. It is true that such picture- 
grouping cannot easily be arranged for an ordinary school- 
opening. But now and then, on a public occasion in afternoon 
or evening, there is nothing into which children will so heartily 
enter as such a pictorial exercise; and there is always some teacher, 
or children's friend, to be foimd who has the needful enthusiasm, 
intelHgence and ingenuity to make the matter a success. And let 
nobody think that great elaboration or expense of costuming is 
needful. Things simply and inexpensively made, or the use of an 
old-time coat or dress found in a garret or unused drawer at home, 
may serve all needful purposes. To all taking part, the meaning of 
the exercise should be made clear, — and indeed it is wxll, on printed 
program, or by oral explanation, to give a preliminary hint to the 
audience. Several pictorial programs follow, for the benefit of those 
who beheve that novelty induces interest, and interest — in things 
patriotic as in things financial — begets profit. 

NO. I. '' THE MINUTE MAN." 

The name, " Minute Man " refers to those patriots in the time of 
the American Revolution, who were ready, '' at a minute's notice " to 
seize their muskets and fight against the British. This w^as exactly 
what they did when the " Redcoats " came marching from Boston on 
through Lexington to Concord. No better idea could be given of the 
intention of the British than is conveyed by Longfellow's poem of 
'' Paul Revere's Ride." This might be read or recited before the 
tableau is shown. In the tableau the central figure should be a minute 
man. A good model of him may be had by studying a photograph of 

(143) 



144 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

French's " Minute Man/' a finely chiseled bronze statue, standing near 
the Concord bridge, at a point where the colonial farmers met the 
British regulars, and sent them, frightened and flying, back towards 
Boston. About this central figure group thirteen girls, in white, repre- 
senting the original colonies that stood " shoulder to shoulder " during 
the Revolution; their arms raised and hands extended as if to bid the 
rustic soldier " God speed " in his defence of native land. While the 
tableau is still in view, let a clear-voiced and intelligent pupil repeat the 
famous ode written and recited by the great American scholar and 
patriot, Ralph Waldo Emerson. Here it is: 



By the rude bridge that arched the flood, 
Their flag to April's breeze unfurled, 

Here once the embattled farmers stood, 
And fired the shot heard round the world. 

The foe long since in silence slept; 

Alike the conqueror silent sleeps; 
And Time the ruined bridge has swept 

Down the dark stream which seaward creeps. 



On this green bank, by this soft stream, 

We set to-day a votive stone; 
That memory may their deed redeem. 

When, like our sires, our sons are gone. 

Spirit, that made these heroes dare 
To die, and leave their children free. 

Bid Time and Nature gently spare 

The shaft we raise to them and thee. 



As the poem ends, or even before if the young folks cannot hold 
their positions, let the curtain fall, and have a good boy speaker declaim 
" The Minute Man " by another great American, George William 
Curtis. 



THE FLAG ILLUMINES THE TABLEAUX. 145 

THE MINUTE MAN. 

The Minute Man of the Revolution! And who' was he? He was 
the husband and father, who left the plough in the furrow, the hammer 
on the bench^ and, kissing wife and children, marched to die or to be 
free! He was the old, the middle aged, the young. He was Captain 
Miles, of Acton, who reproved his men for jesting on the march! He 
was Deacon Josiah Haines, of Sudbury, eighty years old, who marched 
with his company to South Bridge, at Concord, then joined in that hot 
pursuit to Lexington, and fell as gloriously as Warren at Bunker Hill. 
He was James Hayward of Acton, twenty-two years old, foremost in 
that deadly race from Charlestown to Concord, who raised his piece at 
the same moment with a British soldier, each exclaiming, '' You are a 
dead man! " The Briton dropped, shot through the heart. Hayward 
fell, mortally wounded. This was the Minute Man of the Revolution! 
The rural citizen, trained in the common school, the town meeting, 
who carried a bayonet that thought, and whose gun, loaded with a 
principle, brought down, not a man, but a system. With brain and 
heart and conscience all alive, he opposed every hostile order of British 
council. The cold Grenville, the brilHant Townsend, the reckless Hills- 
borough, derided, declaimed, denounced, laid unjust taxes, and sent 
troops to collect them, and the plain Boston Puritan laid his finger on 
the vital point of the tremendous controversy, and held to it inexorably. 
Intrenched in his own honesty, the king's gold could not buy him; 
enthroned in the love^ of his fellow-citizens, the king's writ could not 
take him; and when, on the morning at Lexington, the king's troops 
marched to seize him, his sublime faith saw, beyond the clouds of the 
moment, the rising sun of the America we behold, and careless of him- 
self, mindful only of his country, he exultingly exclaimed, '' Oh, what 
a glorious morning! " He felt that a blow would soon be struck that 
would break the heart of British tyranny. His judgment, his con- 
science told him the hour had come. Unconsciously, his heart beat 
time to the music of the slave's epitaph: 

" God wills us free; 
Man wills us slaves; 
I will as God wills: 
God's will be done!" 

— George William Curtis. 

10 



146 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



NO. 2. DEPARTURE AND RETURN OF THE STATES. 

In the year 1861, as every intelligent boy and girl should know, 
the following States resolved to sever their connection with the Union, 
or, as the phrase ran in those days — "to secede" from the Union: 
South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, 
Texas. Arkansas, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee followed. It 
was a sad day for our country when they decided thus to leave the 
National roof and the House of the Union that had sheltered them so 
long! But they seemed to think they were right, and so they marched 
forth with a very defiant air. Choose, then, seven girls of spirit to repre- 
sent these' departing States. Let South Carolina, bearing a palmetto 
branch, be the leader, — and all attired in white. Then let the Northern, 
Eastern, Western States be each represented by a girl, — or if that 
would make the number too great, let three girls stand, one each, for 
the North, the East, the West. Let these, in black, take their places 
in the background, center of the stage or platform, with their eyes 
downcast, while, to the playing of a piece in a minor key, the procession 
of the Southern States sweeps by. As they disappear, the North, East, 
West pass slowly off at the opposite side of the platform. Straight- 
way a sympathetic voice repeats the following poem: 

/ THE BLUE AND THE GRAY. 

/ By the flow of the inland river, 
/ Whence the fleets of iron have fled, 

I Where the blades of the grave-grass quiver, 

Asleep arc the ranks of the dead; 
Under the sod and the dew. 

Waiting the judgment day; 
Under the one, the Blue; 
\ Under the other, the Gray. 

These in the robings of glory, 
■; Those in the gloom of defeat; 

\ All with the battle-blood gory, 
\ In the dust of eternity meet; 

\ Under the sod and the dew, 
\ Waiting the judgment day; 

\ Under the laurel, the Blue; 
\ Under the willow, the Gray. 



THE FLAG ILLUMINES THE TABLEAUX. 



147 



From the silence of sorrowful hours. 

The desolate mourners go, 
Lovingly la3en with flowers, 

Alike for the friend and the foe; 
Under the sod and the dew. 

Waiting the judgment day; 
Under the roses, the Blue; 

Under the lilies, the Gray. 

So, with an equal splendor, 

The morning sun-raj^s fall. 
With a touch impartially tender, 

On the blossoms blooming for all; 
Under the sod and the dew, 

Waiting the judgment day; 
Broidered with gold, the Blue; 

Mellowed with gold, the Gray. 



So, when the summer calleth. 

On forest and field of grain, 
With an equal murmur falleth 

The cooling drip of the rain; 
Under the sod and the dew. 

Waiting the judgment day; 
Wet with the rain, the Blue; 

Wet with the rain, the Gray. 

Sadly, but not with upbraiding, 

The generous deed was done; 
In the storm of the years that are fading 

No braver battle was v/on; 
Under the sod and the dew. 

Waiting the judgment day; 
Under the blossoms, the Blue; 

Under the garlands, the Gray. 

No more shall the war-cry sever, 

Or the winding rivers be red; 
They banish our anger forever. 

When they laurel the graves of our dead. 
Under the sod and the dew, 

Waiting the judgment day; 
Love and tears for the Blue; 

Tears and love for the Gray. 

— Francis Miles Finch. 



148 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Just as the voice dies away, to a march in major key, the Northern 
States, in white, march in with flags waving, escorting the Southern 
StatevS, waving flags also — and all march about the stage singing as 
only patriotic children can sing, "My Country! 'tis of Thee." After 
the curtain falls, let the children be seated, or grouped, upon the stage. 
When the curtain has been raised, let a good speaker declaim the 
following extract from that great Union Southern citizen, Henry W. 
Grady; another, the next selection from a great Northern citizen, 
Robert C. Winthrop. 



SELECTIONS. 

With consecrated service, what could we not accomplish; what 
riches we should gather; what glory and prosperity we should render 
to the Union; what blessings we should gather into the universal 
harvest of humanity. As I think of it, a vision of surpassing beauty 
unfolds to my eyes. I see a South, the home of fifty millions of people, 
who rise up every day to call from blessed cities, vast hives of industry 
and thrift; her country-sides the treasures from which their resources 
are drawn ; her streams vocal with whirring spindles ; her valleys tranquil 
in the white and gold of the harvest; her mountains showering down 
the music of bells, as her slow-moving flocks and herds go forth from 
their folds; her rulers honest and her people loving, and her homes 
happy and their hearth-stones bright, and their waters still and their 
pastures green, and her conscience clear; her wealth diffused, and poor- 
houses empty; her churches earnest and all creeds lost in the gospel. 
Peace and sobriety walking hand in hand through her borders; honor 
in her homes; uprightness in her midst; plenty in her fields; straight 
and simple faith in the hearts of her sons and daughters ; her two races 
walking together in peace and contentment ; sunshine everywhere and 
all the time, and night falling on her gently as from the wings of the 
unseen dove. 

All this, my country, and more, can we do for you. As I look, the 
vision grows, the splendor deepens, the horizon falls back, the skies 



THE FLAG ILLUMINES THE TABLEAUX, 



149 



Open their everlasting gates, and the glory of the Almighty God streams 
through as He looks down on His people who have given themselves 
unto Him, and leads them from one triumph to another until they 
have reached a glory unspeakable^ and the whirling stars, as in their 
courses through Arcturus they run to the Milky Way, shall not look 
down on a better people or happier land. — Henry W. Grady, from an 
address delivered at Dallas, Texas, October 26, 1887. 

We are one, by the memories of our fathers! We are one, by the 
hopes of our children! We are one, by a Constitution and a Union 
which have not only survived the shock of foreign and of civil war, but 
have stood the abeyance of almost all administration, while the whole 
people were waiting, breathless in alternate hope and fear, for the issues 
of an execrable crime! We are one, bound together afresh, by the 
electric chords of sympathy and sorrow, vibrating and thrilling, day by 
day, of that live-long summer, through every one of our hearts, for 
our basely wounded and bravely suffering President, bringing us all 
down on our knees together, in common supplication for his life, and 
involving us all at last in a common flood of grief at his death! I 
dare not linger on that great affliction, which has added, indeed, '' an- 
other hallowed name to the historical inheritance of our Republic," 
but which has thrown a pall of deepest tragedy upon the falling curtain 
of our first century. Oh, let not its influence be lost upon us for the 
century to come, but let us be one, henceforth and always, in mutual 
regard, conciliation, and affection !• 

" Go on, hand in hand, O States, never to be disunited! Be the 
praise and heroic song of all posterity! Join your invincible might to 
do worthy and godlike deeds! — Robert C. Winthrop, 



150 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

NO. 3. THE MARCH OF THE FLAGS. 

In this tableau, an even number of boys and girls — any con- 
venient number, all carrying flags, march upon the stage to the music 
of '' Stars and Stripes Forever," by Sousa. It may be well also to 
have one additional boy and one girl^ with larger flags, round which the 
rest of the little flag-company may march or wheel. If blue suits for 
the boys and white for the girls cannot be had, ordinary costumes will 
do — especially if the boys will wear soldiers' caps, and the girls, sailor 
or liberty caps. The marching may be very simple or very intricate, 
according to time and ingenuity. A pleasing effect will be produced 
if during the march the flags are massed or " stacked " in the center of 
the stage, leaving the two standard-bearers there as a guard of honor 
while the rest of the company resume the march around the flags. 
After a time, the marchers return to the center, each taking a flag 
from one or other of the standard bearers. Then marching away, but 
soon returning to the stage-center, they form a tableau, by grouping 
themselves about the two leaders — • the latter standing erect and fac- 
ing front, while the rest, each holding the flag in the left hand, with 
the right remove the cap, bowing to and saluting the two central ban- 
ners on the stage. Then the curtain falls. 

NO. 4. THE ARMY AND NAVY. 

To the music of familiar tunes, the thirteen colonies, represented 
by as many girls, march in, in single file, and in the order of the creation 
of the various colonies as states. They are followed, similarly, by 
other girls representing the remaining thirty-two states. All march as 
they may be directed by their teacher-leader, going through, for a 
little time, with evolutions more or less varied. Finally, as they range 
into lines at opposite sides of the stage, the boys march in, in single 
file — the " Army " distinguished by blue coats and soldier caps — 
the '' Navy " by blue blouses and sailor caps. They form a tableau- 
group in center oi stage, with a tall boy as color-sergeant, flag in hand, 
in the midst of the group. Then the " States " resume their march, 
circling about the mid-stage soldiers and sailors — and at length all 
march off the stage in the following order: (i) The Color-Bearer; (2) 



THE FLAG ILLUMINES THE TABLEAUX. 151 

The Thirteen Colonies; (3) The Army and Navy; (4) The States. A 
beautiful color effect will be added to the stage-picture if each girl will 
carry a short staff with a small " banneret " of red or blue, with the 
name of colony or state in white letters in the center. Let the soldier- 
boys carry muskets, easily made — the sailor-boys, cutlasses. One flag 
will suf^ce to give distinction to the entire tableau. 

NO. 5. HOMAGE TO COLUMBIA. 

Columbia should be impersonated by the '' Goddess of Liberty " — 
a girl whose pleasing face and tall figure may come nearest to the ideal 
of such a character. She should be seated in a chair placed upon a 
platform or dais. The best costume, — a white dress with the flag 
draped over it, — or^ a flag-dress, such as any skillful and tasty lady 
teacher can readily make. Upon the head of the Goddess, let a crown, 
or wreath, or liberty cap be placed; let her right hand carry a spear, 
surmounted by an eagle. Thus placed and ready, the curtain may be 
raised. To the sound of march-music the States of the Union, repre- 
sented by girls, march in, — and following, an equal number of boys, 
as soldiers and sailors, to stand for the Army and Navy. In single 
file they pass before the Goddess, each one in turn bowing to her, 
then passing to form a line at the back of the stage. The march proper 
may then begin — changing from '' ones " tO' '' twos " and '' fours," or 
even wider lines — a boy and girl marching together, well-matched in 
size and bearing. How to vary the march and execute its '' figures," 
some teacher in every school will well understand. I have tried the 
plan — and it worked admirably — of having each girl carry a ban- 
neret of red cloth on which was sewed, in white letters, the name of a 
state; the soldier boys carrying toy guns; the sailor lads, paper cut- 
lasses. At the proper time, the Goddess rises — signals for the troop 
to wheel before her, raise aloft their bannerets and weapons, then bow 
— as the Goddess extends her spear — bowing lower as the curtain 
descends. 



PATRIOTIC POETS. 

1. Henry W. Longfellow, born February 27, 1807. ^ 

2. John G. Whittier, born December 17, 1807. 

3. Oliver Wendell Holmes, born August 29, 1809. 

4. James Russell Lowell, born February 22, 1819. 

It would not be possible to estimate the influence which these four 
poets have had upon our national life and character. They were all 
born in New England; — yet they all wrote on themes that concerned 
the whole country. Surely a half-hour, or indeed a half-day, could not 
be more profitably spent than in reading aloud or reciting a few of the 
poems of each. So, a few suggestions, easily amplified, are here set 
down: 

I. Longfellow, 

1. Sketch of Longfellow's Life. 

2. Reading from Hiawatha. (Selected.) 

3. Recitation, The Ship of State. 

4. Recitation, Killed at the Ford. 

5. Singings America. 

2. Whittier. 

1. Essay, The Life of Whittier. 

2. Recitation, Barbara Frietchie. 

3. Reading, Laus Deo. 

4. Singing, The Centennial Hymn. 

5. Recitation, At Port Royal. 

(152) 



PATRIOTIC POETS. 153 

3. Holmes. 

1. Sketch of the Poet's Life. 

2. Recitation, Old Ironsides. 

3. Singing, The American Hymn. 

4. Reading, A Ballad of the Boston Tea Party. 

5. Recitation, Grandfather's Story of Bunker Hill. 

4. LowelL 

1. Lowell's Life. 

2. Reading, Character of Washington. 

3. Singing, True Freedom. (Riverside Song Book.) 

4. Recitation, Selection from the Commemoration Ode. 

5. Singing, The Fatherland. (Riverside Song Book.) 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

GROUP VI. 
THE FLAG RECALLS 

1. Columbus' Day Song, Columbus. 

2. Landing of the Pilgrims . Song, The Breaking Waves Dashed High. 

3. Lexington and Concord. . .Song, Three Cheers for the Olden Time. 

4. Fourth of July Song, Independence Day. 

5. Yorktown Song, The Land of Washington. 

(155) 




COLUMBUS DAY. 

FEW years ago '' this country of ours " made a great cele- 
bration in honor of the four hundredth anniversary of 
the landing of Christopher Columbus on this continent. 
I suppose all Empire State boys and girls can point 
out on the map just the spot where the landing was 
made, the cross planted, and the flag raised. Of course, it was not 
the dear flag of the stars and stripes. Who can tell what banner 
it was? I am quite sure you know that, — but perhaps you have for- 
gotten the precise day — October 12, 1492 — when Columbus stepped 
on shore, saved from the perils of the sea, and from death at the hands 
of his own crew. Perhaps some of you — the older children — went 
to Chicago in 1893 and saw the ''White City" — a wonderful group 
of buildings, filled with rare and beautiful things from every part of 
the earth. And it was all in memory of the great sailor and discoverer, 
Columbus. But you children cannot celebrate in that way — not even 
by building palaces of play-blocks. You can recall the great navi- 
gator by telling the story of his life, — his birth in far-off Genoa — his 
longing for the sea — his appearance at the Court of Spain — his 
reception by Queen Isabella — the sacrifices which, for his sake, she 
made — his various voyages — his imprisonment and death. It is a 
wonderful story, is it not? Such a story as boys and girls should 
cherish because of the lessons of Faith and Perseverance which it 
teaches, — lessons which may help them to the use of the same noble 
qualities. 

(157) 



1^8 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

SELECTIONS. 

OBSERVATIONS ON THE CHARACTER OF COLUMBUS. 

In Columbus were singularly combined the practical and the 
poetical. His mind had grasped all kinds of knowledge, whether pro- 
cured by study or observation, which bore upon his theories; impatient 
of the scanty aliment of the day, his impetuous ardor, as has well been 
observed, threw him into the study of the fathers of the Church, the 
Arabian Jews, and the ancient geographers; while his daring, but 
irregular, genius, bursting from the limits of imperfect science, bore 
him to conclusions far beyond the intellectual vision of his con- 
temporaries. If some of his conclusions were erroneous, they were at 
least ingenious and splendid, and their error resulted from the clouds 
which still hung over his peculiar path of enterprise. His own dis- 
coveries enlightened the ignorance of the age, guided conjecture to 
certainty, and dispelled that very darkness with which he had been 
obliged to struggle. 

In the progress of his discoveries he has been remarked for the 
extreme sagacity and the admirable justness with which he seized upon 
the phenomena of the exterior world. The variations, for instance, of 
terrestrial magnetism, the direction of currents, the grouping of marine 
plants, fixing one of the grand climacteric divisions of the ocean, the 
temperatures changing not solely with the distance to the equator, 
but also with the difference of meridians; these and similar phenomena, 
as they broke upon him, were discerned with wonderful quickness of 
perception, and made to contribute important principles to the stock 
of general knowledge. This lucidity of spirit, this quick convertibility 
of facts to principles, distinguish him from the dawn to the close of his 
sublime enterprise, insomuch that with all the sallying ardor of his 
imagination, his ultimate success has been admirably characterized as a 
'' conquest of reflection." — Washington Irving. 



COLUMBUS. 



Joaquin Miller 



Unknown. (A German Air.] 




1. Be - hind him lay the 

2. "My men grow mut'-nous 

3. They sailed and sailed, as 

4. They sailed, they sailed, then 

5. Then, pale and worn, he 
inf I 



gray 

day 

winds 

spoke 

kept 



A - zores, 
by day ; 
might blow, 
his mate : 



Be - hind 
My men 
Un - til 
This mad 



his deck. And thro' 



the gates of 

grow ghast - ly 

at last the 

sea shows his 

the dark - ness 



* 



fel 



■^r=!^—t- 



— Pv 



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7np ^ 



n--^ 



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ghost of shores, Be - fore 
home; a spray Of salt 
God would know Should I 
lies in wait. With lift - 
then a speck — A light! 



U 



Her - 

wan 
blanch'd 

teeth 
peered 



-fl- -•- 

cu - les ; 

and weak.' 

mate said: 

to-night, 

that night. 



^ElEE 



t=t: 



Be -fore him not the 

' The stout mate tho't of 

'Why,now, not e - ven 

He curls his lip, he 

Ah, dark -est night! and 



him on - ly 
wave wash'd his 
and all my 
ed teeth as 
a light I a 



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shore - less seas. The good 
swar - thycheek."What shall 
men fall dead. These ver - 
if to bite ! Brave Ad - 
light! alight! It grew- 



* 



i; 



i 



mate said "."Now must we 
I say, brave Ad 
y winds for - get 
mi - ral, say but 
-a star - lit flag 



For lo ! 



pray, r or 10 \ the ver - y 
mi - ral, If we sight naught but 
their way. For God from these dread 
one word ; What shall we do when 
nn- furled! It grew to be Time's 



--K 




i 
stars are gone ;Speak,Ad - mi - ral, 
seas at dawn?""Why,you shall say, 
seas 

hope is gone?"Thewordsleaped as a 
burst of dawn; He gained a world! he 



say ?""Why say, sail on ! and 



i 

what 

at break of day: 'Sail on! sail on! and 

is gone. Nowspeak,brave Ad - mi - ral, and say" — He said, "Sail on ! and 

leap -ingsword: "Sail on! sail on! and 
gave thatworld Its watchword:"On! and 



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on 



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THE FLAG RECALLS. i6i 



SELECTIONS. 



THE BOY COLUMBUS. 

** 'Tis a wonderful story," I hear you say, 

" How he struggled and worked and plead and prayed, 

And faced every danger undismayed, 

With a will that would neither break nor bend, 

And discovered a new world in the end — 

But what does it teach to a boy of to-day? 

All the worlds are discovered, you know, of course. 

All the rivers are traced to their utmost source: 

There is nothing left for a boy to find, 

If he had ever so much a mind 

To become a discoverer famous; 
And if we'd much rather read a book 
About someone else, and the risks he took, 

Why nobody, surely^ can blame us." 

So you think all the worlds are discovered now; 

All the lands have been charted and sailed about, 

Their mountains climbed, their secrets found out; 

All the seas have been sailed, and their currents known — 

To the uttermost isles the winds have blown 

They have carried a venturing prow? 

Yet there lie all about us new worlds, everywhere. 

That await their discoverer's footfall; spread fair 

Are electrical worlds that no eye has yet seen. 

And mechanical worlds that lie hidden serene 

And await their Columbus securely. 
There are new worlds in Science and new worlds in Art, 
And the boy who will work with his head and his heart 

Will discover his new world surely. 
II 



1 62 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

All hail, Columbus, discoverer, dreamer, hero, and apostle! We 
here, of every race and country, recognize the horizon which bounded 
his vision, and the infinite scope of his genius. The voice of gratitude 
and praise for all the blessings which have been showered upon man- 
kind by his adventure is limited to no language, but is uttered in 
every tongue. Neither marble nor brass can fitly form his statue. 
Continents are his monument, and unnumbered millions, past, present, 
and to come, who enjoy in their liberties and their happiness the fruits 
of his faith, will reverently guard and preserve, from century to cen- 
tury, his name and fame. — Chaiincey Mitchell Depew, from Dedicatory 
Oration at World's Columbian Exposition. 




THE LANDING OF THE PILGRIMS. 

N the year 1620 — some people say on December 
2 1 St, others December 22d — a company of Pil- 
grims, as they are called, landed at a place now 
known as Plymouth, on the coast of Massachu- 
setts. They were English folk, but came to 
this country straight from Holland, having been 
driven from their former home in England by religious persecution. 
But I need not tell here the story of their sufferings on the slow 
and stormy voyage across the ocean — nor how cold and cheerless 
was the landing in the depth of winter. What child has not read 
it in the history book, or heard the story repeated at the fireside? 
Yet no matter how often the story may have been read^ or told, it is well 
to keep in mind and to celebrate, at least once a year, the good traits 
of the Forefathers. 

They were not real generous men and women in their treatment 
of those who differed from them in belief, yet they were mild indeed 
in comparison with the Puritans, as they were called, — a company of 
men and women who came to this country much later in the century. 
But if we cannot celebrate the kindness of the Pilgrims, we certainly 
may their faith. How greatly they needed it in all their troubles on 
land and tempests on sea, and how grandly they showed it! And so 
with their courage. Was it not a splendid trait in their character? 
Neither starvation, disease, nor the Indian's tomahawk could make 
them fear. (Just here might come in a study of '' The Indian " in our 
country's history.) And so, children, study out and tell to your teach- 
ers other good things about these early and hardy colonists, — for 

'' they fought a good fight." 

(163) 



l54 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM, 

THE MEDITATIONS OF COLUMBIA, 1876. 

Mayflower, Mayflower, slowly hither flying, 

Trembling westward o'er yon balking sea. 
Hearts within, " Farewell, dear England/' sighing, 
Winds without, " But dear in vain," replying. 
Gray-lipped waves, about thee, shouted, crying, 
"No! It shall not be!" 



Jamestown, out of thee; 
Plymouth, thee; thee, Albany. 
Winter cries, "Ye freeze; away!" 
Hunger cries, "Ye starve; away!" 
Vengeance cries, "Your graves shall stay! " 

Then old shapes and masks of things, 
Frames like Faiths, or clothes like kings; 
Ghosts of Goods, once fleshed and fair. 
Grown foul Bads in alien air; 
War, and his most noisy lords, 
Tongued with lithe and poisoned swords, 
Error, Terror, Rage, and Crime, 
All, in a windy night of time. 
Cried to me, from land and sea, — 
"No! Thou shalt not be!" 

Now Praise to God's oft-granted grace, 

Now Praise to Man's undaunted face, 

Despite the land, despite the sea, 

I was, I am, and I shall be. 

How long, Good Angel, O, how )ong? 

Sing me, from heaven, a man's own song! 

" Long as thine Art shall love true love. 

Long as thy Science truth shal] know. 
Long as thy Eagle harms no Dove, 

Long as thy Law by law shall grow, 
Long as thy God is God above, 

Thy brother every man below. 
So long, dear Land of all my love. 

Thy name shall shine, thy fame shall glow! " 

— Sidney Lanier. 



THE BREAKING WAVES DASHED HIGH, 



Felicia Hemans. 



m 



Miss Browne, arr. 



-«— 



3= 



1. The break - ing waves dash'd high On a stern 

2. Not as the con-queror comes, They, the 




and rock - bound coast, 
true - heart - ed came; 



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-• — =r 

^ jf- -9- 

The stars heard 

Bright jew - els 

— N- S—i ^- 



3. A - mid the storm they sang, 

4. What sought they thus a - far? 



and 
of 



the sea ! 
the mine ? 



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The woods a - gainst a storm - y sky Their gi - ant branch - es tossed ; 
Not with the roll of stir - ring drums. Or trump that sings of fame ; 



i 



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3=^=^ 



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ft'e 
The 



sound - ing aisles of wood - land rang With an - thems of the free; 

wealth of seas, the spoils of war? They sought a faith's pure shrine ! 



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The heav - y 
Not as th 



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night hung dark, 
e fly - ing come, 



The hills and wa - ters o'er, 
In si - lence and in fear. 



W 



m. 



The o - cean ea - gle soared, 
Ay, call it ho - ly ground, 

-•-= .• • : 



The roll - ing wave's white foam ; 
The soil where first they trod ; 



1^ 



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-«,— 



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When a band of ex - iles moor'd 
They shook the depths of des - 



their bark On wild New Eng -land's shore, 
ert's gloom With hymns of loft - y cheer. 



:M=i 



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=3==b^z 



3=^ 



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The rock - ing pines in for 
They left un - stained what there 



-<&- 



est roar'd, To bid them wel - come home, 
they found, Free- dom to wor - ship God. 



53P5 



1 



-•— 



E 



-•— 



£?=^=t 



t=t^: 



By permission of Silver, Burdett & Company. From " Songs of the Nation." 



j: 



THE FLAG RECALLS. 16; 



SELECTIONS. 

Here, on this rock, and on this sterile soil, 

Began the kingdom, not of kings, but men; 

Began the making of the world again. 

Here centuries sank, and from the hither brink, 

A new world reached and raised an old world link, 

When English hands, by wider vision taught. 
And here revived, in spite of sword and stake, 
Their ancient freedom of the Wapentake. 

Here struck the seed — the Pilgrims' roofless town, 
Where equal rights and equal bonds were set; 
Where all the people, equal-franchised, met; 

Where doom was writ of privilege and crown; 

Where human breath blew all the idols down; 
Where crests were naught, where vulture flags were furled, 
And common men began to own the world! 

— John Boyle O'Reilly. 



LANDING OF THE PILGRIMS. 

Methinks I see it now, that one solitary, adventurous vessel, the 
Mayflower of a forlorn hope, freighted with the prospects of a future 
state, and bound across the unknown sea. I behold it pursuing, with 
a thousand misgivings, the uncertain, the tedious voyage. Suns rise 
and set, and wxeks and months pass, and winter surprises them on 
the deep, but brings them not the sight of the wished-for shore. I 
see them, now, scantily supplied with provisions, crowded almost to 
suffocation in their ill-stored prison, delayed by calms, pursuing a cir- 
cuitous route; and now^ driven in fury before the raging tempest, in 
their scarcely seaworthy vessel. The awful voice of the storm howls 
through the rigging. The laboring masts seem straining from their 
base; the dismal sound of the pumps is heard; the ship leaps, as it 
wxre, madly from billow to billow; the ocean breaks and settles with 
ingulfing floods over the floating deck, and beats with deadening 
weight against the staggering vessel. I see them escaped from these 
perils, pursuing their all but desperate undertaking, and landed at last, 
after a five months' passage, on the ice-clad rocks of Plymouth, weak 



1 68 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

and exhausted from the voyage, poorly armed, scantily provisioned, 
depending on the charity of their ship-master for a draught of beer on 
board, drinking nothing but water on shore, without shelter, without 
means, surrounded by hostile tribes. 

Shut now the volume of history, and tell me, on any principle 
of human probability, what shall be the fate of this handful of adven- 
turers? * * * Student of history, compare for me the bafifled 
projects, the deserted settlements, the abandoned adventurers of other 
times, and find the parallel of this. Was it the winter storm, beating 
upon the houseless heads of women and children? was it hard labor 
and spare meals? was it disease? was it the tomahawk? was it the deep 
malady of a blighted hope, a ruined enterprise, and a broken heart, 
aching in its last moments at the recollections of the loved and left, 
beyond the sea? was it some or all of them united that hurried this 
forsaken company to their melancholy fate? And is it possible that 
neither of these causes, that not all combined, were able to blast this 
bud of hope! Is it possible that from a beginning so feeble, so frail, so 
worthy not so much of admiration as of pity, there has gone forth a 
progress so steady, a growth so wonderful, a reality so important, a 
promise yet to be fulfilled so glorious! — Edward Everett. 



LEXINGTON AND CONCORD. 




HESE are memorable places on the map of Ameri- 
can history. For the brave stand a few colonial 
farmers there made against trained British regu- 
lars was the opening fight of a Revolution, a strug- 
gle for independence, which never ceased nor 
slackened until England gave up the contest at 
Yorktown, seven years later. 
This fight at Lexington and Concord was fought April 17, 1775. 
Even yet, that is a great day in New England, and kept with more 
ceremony and enthusiasm than the Fourth of July. Let me tell you 
what the boys in Lexington do on that day: Early in the morning 
they rise up, hurry into their clothes and march away to Concord, over 
the very ground the soldiers trod a century and a quarter ago. On 
their march, they pass by many places where now are memorial tablets, 
telling what was done here and there along the whole line of their 
journey. Who cannot see what a vividness and sense of reality this 
early morning march, year by year, must give to these young patriots? 
But if New York children cannot actually travel on foot from Lexing- 
ton to Concord, playing soldier, they may, in imagination, walk along 
the avenue of History, seeing by the roadside the inscriptions and 
memorials which History herself has put there, that the Nation may 
keep in mind the dangers and hardships endured by the men of olden 
time, that they might secure to themselves and their posterity the 

blessings of independence. 

(169) 



yo MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM, 



SELECTIONS. 

CONCORD HYMN. 

By the rude bridge that arched the flood, 

Their flag to April's breeze unfurled, 
Here once the embattled farmers stood, 

And fired the shot heard round the world. 

The foe long since in silence slept; 

Alike the conqueror silent sleeps; 
And Time the ruined bridge has swept 

Down the dark stream which seaward creeps. 

On this green bank, by this soft stream, 

We set to-day a votive stone; 
That memory may their deed redeem. 

When like our sires, our sons are gone. 

Spirit, that made these heroes dare 

To die, and leave their children free. 
Bid Time and Nature gently spare 

The shaft we raise to them and thee. 

— Ralph Waldo Emerson. 

THE REVOLUTIONARY ALARM. 

Darkness closed upon the country and upon the town, but it was 
no night for sleep. Heralds on swift relays of horses transmitted the 
war message from hand to hand, till village repeated to village, the 
sea to the backwoods, the plains to the highlands, and it was never 
suffered to droop till it had been borne North and South and East 
and West, throughout the land. It spread over the bays that receive 
the Saco and the Penobscot; its loud reveille broke the rest of the trap- 
pers of New Hampshire, and, ringing like bugle notes from peak to 
peak, overleapt the Green Mountains, swept onward to Montreal, and 
descended the ocean river till the responses were echoed from the cliffs 
at Quebec. The hills along the Hudson told to one another the tale. 
As the summons hurried to the South, it was one day at New York, 
in one more at Philadelphia, the next it lighted a watch-fire at Balti- 
more, thence it waked an answer at Annapolis. Crossing the Potomac 



THE FLAG RECALLS. 171 

near Mt. Vernon, it was sent forward, without a halt, to WilUamsburg. 
It traversed the Dismal Swamp to Nansemond, along the route of the 
first emigrants to North Carolina. It moved onward and still onward, 
through boundless groves of evergreen, to Newbern and to 
Wilmington., 

" For God's sake, forward it by night and day/' wrote Cornelius 
Harnett, by the express which sped for Brunswick. Patriots of South 
Carolina caught up its tones at the border and despatched it to Charles- 
ton, and, through pines and palmettos and moss-clad live-oaks, farther 
to the Souths till it resounded among the New England settlements 
beyond the Savannah. The Blue Ridge took up the voice and made 
it heard from one end to the other of the valley of Virginia. The 
Alleghanies, as they listened, opened their barriers that the '' loud 
call " might pass through to the hardy riflemen on the Holstein, the 
Watauga and the French Broad. Ever renewing its strength, power- 
ful enough even to create a commonwealth, it breathed its inspiring 
word to the first settlers of Kentucky, so that hunters who made 
their halt in the valleys of the Elkhorn commemorated the nineteenth 
day of April, 1776, by naming their encampment " Lexington." With 
one impulse the Colonies sprung to arms; with one spirit they pledged 
themselves to each other, " to be ready for the extreme event." With 
one heart the continent cried, '' Liberty or death! " — George Bancroft. 

It was a brilliant April night. The winter had been unusually 
mild, and the spring very forward. The hills were already green; the 
early grain waved in the fields; and the air was sweet with blossoming 
orchards. Already the robins whistled, the blue-bird sang, and the 
benediction of peace rested upon the landscape. Under the cloudless 
moon, the soldiers silently marched^ and Paul Revere swiftly rode, 
galloping through Medford and West Cambridge, rousing ever)^ house 
as he went, spurring for Lexington, and Hancock, and Adams, and 
evading the British patrols who had been sent out to stop the news. 
Stop the news! Already the village church bells were beginning to 
ring the alarm, as the pulpits beneath them had been ringing for many 
a year. In the awakening houses lights flashed from window to 
window. Drums beat faintly far away and on every side. Signal guns 



"'^ 



172 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



flashed and echoed. The watch-dogs barked, the cocks crew. Stop 
the news! Stop the sunrise! The murmuring night trembled with the 
summons so earnestly expected, so dreaded, so desired. And as, long 
ago, the voice rang out at midnight along the Syrian shore, wailing 
that great Pan was dead, but in the same moment the choiring angels 
whispered, '' Glory to God in the highest, for Christ is born!" so, if 
the stern alarm of that April night seemed to many a wistful and loyal 
heart to portend the passing glory of British dominion and the tragical 
chance of war, it whispered to them with prophetic inspiration, '' Good- 
will to men: America is born!" — George William Curtis, from the 
oration delivered at the centennial celebration of Concord fight. 



THREE CHEERS FOR THE OLDEN TIME, 



Fanny Crosby. 



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1. Three cheers, three cheers,f or the old - en time, And the brave that knew no fear, my boys; 

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Their mem - 'ry shines like a ra - diant star, O'er the land they died to save, my boys. 



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INDEPENDENCE DAY, 



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was then our youth - ful na - tion Raised its con - se - 

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Since our na - tion rose and vot - ed That the coun - try should be 

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THE FOURTH OF JULY. 

T is not likely that boys or girls would consent to go to school 
on '' the glorious Fourth." If they were asked to do so, 
they probably would read a declaration of independence, 

^ all of their own making. And so, it might be asked — 
'' Why suggest any exercise for that day? " Why, be- 
cause we ought not to forget such a day. True — but are we not 
in danger of forgetting if we do not call it to mind at least once 
a year? Alas! it is much to be feared that very many boys think the 
day was made for the express purpose of setting off firecrackers — 
small and giant ones — touching off small cannon, skyrockets, Roman 
candles and lots of other dangerous playthings. With the girls, the 
Fourth is a great picnic day. 

But, really, the day was not made for the sake of powder, picnics 
and noise. It was set aside as a day in which to recall the signing of 
the Declaration of Independence — independence from the grasping 
and greed of England. But such a glorious deed can be celebrated 
at any convenient time in the calendar of school days. It is always in 
order to speak of the life and patriotism of Thomas Jefferson, author 
of the Declaration; always right to read aloud, for the benefit of others, 
the great truths which the Declaration contains; at any time, interest- 
ing to look over the list of signers of the Declaration and to study 
their lives. Let me commend John Hancock, Roger Sherman, 
Whipple, of New Hampshire. See, young folks, if you cannot find 
other names with histories as interesting. 



SELECTIONS. 

Sink or swim, live or die, survive or perish, I give my hand and 
my heart to this vote. It is true, indeed, that, at the beginning, we 
aimed not at independence. But there's a Divinity that shapes our 
ends. The injustice of England has driven us to arms; and, blinded 

(175) 



176 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



to her own interest for our good, she has obstinately persisted, till 
independence is now within our grasp. We have but to reach forth 
to it, and it is ours. Why, then, should we defer the declaration? 
* * * Whatever may be our fate, be assured, be assured, that this 
declaration will stand. It may cost treasure and it may cost blood, but 
it will stand, and it will richly compensate for both. Through the 
thick gloom of the present I see the brightness of the future, as the sun 
in heaven. We shall make this a glorious, an immortal day. When 
we are in our graves, our children will honor it. They will celebrate 
it v/ith thanksgiving, with festivity, with bonfires, and illuminations. 
On its annual return, they will shed tears, copious, gushing tears, not 
of subjection and slavery, not of agony and distress, but of exultation, 
of gratitude, and of joy. Sir, before God, I believe the hour has come. 
My judgment approves this measure, and my whole heart is in it. 
All that I have, and all that I am, and all that I hope in this life, I 
am now ready here to stake upon it; and I leave off as I began, that 
live or die, survive or perish, I am for the declaration. It is my living 
sentiment, and, by the blessing of God, it shall be my dying sentiment ; 
independence, now; and independence forever! — Daniel Webster, 
from supposed speech of John Adams. 



Through the chances and changes of vanished years, 

Our thoughts go back to the olden time, — 
That day when the people resolved to be free, 

And, resolving, knew that the thing was done. 
What booted the struggle yet to be, 

When the hearts of all men beat as one, 
And hand clasped hand, and eyes met eyes, 
And lives were ready to sacrifice? 

The years since then have come and sped, 
And the heroes of those old days are dead; 

But their spirit lives in to-day's young men; 
And never in vain would our country plead 
For sons that were ready to die at her need. 

— Louise Chandler Moulton. 



THE FLAG RECALLS. 



177 



The United States is the only country with a known birthday. 
All the rest began, they know not when, and grew into power, they 
knew not how. If there had been no Independence Day, England and 
America combined would not be so great as each actually is. There / 
is no '' Republican,'' no " Democrat " on the Fourth of July, — all / 
are Americans. All feel that their country is greater than party. — j 
James G. Blaine. ^r\ 



On the Fourth of July, 1776, the representatives of the United 
States of America, in Congress assembled, declared that these united 
colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states. 
This declaration, made by most patriotic and resolute men, trusting in 
the justice of their cause, and the protection of Providence, and yet 
not without deep solicitude and anxiety, has stood for seventy-five 
years, and still stands. It was sealed in blood. It has met dangers 
and overcome them. It has had enemies and it has conquered them. 
It has had detractors, and it has abashed them all. It has had doubt- 
ing friends, but it has cleared all doubts away. And now, to-day, rais- 
ing its august form higher than the clouds, twenty millions of people 
contemplate it with hallowed love, and the world beholds it, and the 
consequences which have followed, with profound admiration. — Daniel 
Webster. 

You have all read the Declaration of Independence; you have it 
by heart; you have heard it read to-day. A hundred years ago, it was 
a revelation, startling, with new terror, kings on their thrones, and 
bidding serfs in their poor huts rise and take heart, and look up with 
new hope of deliverance. It asserted that all men, kings and peasants, 
master and servant, rich and poor, were born equal, with equal rights, 
inheritors of equal claim to protection before the law; that govern- 
ments derived their just powers, not from conquest or force, but from 
the consent of the governed, and existed only for their protection and 
to make them happy. These were the truths, eternal, but long 
unspoken; truths that few dared to utter, which, Providence ordained, 
should be revealed here in America, to be the poHtical creed of the 
people, all over the earth. Like a trumpet blast in the night, it pealed 
through the dark abodes of misery, and roused men to thought, and 
hope and action. — Richard O'Gorman. 
12 



1^8 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

liberty's latest daughter. 

Foreseen in the vision of sages, 

Foretold when martyrs bled. 
She was born of the longing ages^ 

By the truth of the noble dead 

And the faith of the living, fed! 
No blood in her lightest veins 
Frets at remembered chains, 
Nor shame of bondage has bowed her head. 

In her form and features, still. 

The unblenching Puritan will, 
Cavalier honor, Huguenot grace. 

The Quaker truth and sweetness. 
And the strength of the danger-girdled race 

Of Holland, blend in a proud completeness. 
From the home of all, where her being began. 
She took what she gave to man: — 
Justice that knew no station, 

Belief as soul decreed. 
Free air for aspiration, 

Free force for independent deed. 
She takes, but to give again, 
As the sea returns the rivers in rain; 
And gather the chosen of her seed 
From the hunted of every crown and creed. 
Her Germany dwells by a gentler Rhine; 
Her Ireland sees the old sunburst shine; 
Her France pursues some dream divine; 
Her Norway keeps his mountain pine; 
Her Italy waits by the western brine; 
And, broad-based, under all 

Is planted England's oaken-hearted mood. 

As rich in fortitude 
As e'er went world-ward from the island wall. 

Fused by her candid light, 

To one strong race all races here unite; 
Tongues melt in hers; hereditary foemen 

Forget their sword and slogan, kith and clan. 
'Twas glory once to be a Roman; 

She makes it glory now to be a man. 

— Bayard Taylor, 




THE BATTLE OF YORKTOWN. 

HIS great battle — great for the time and great in its conse- 
quences — was fought October 19, 1781. There was scat- 
tered fighting for a year or two after that day between 
America and England, — but the Revolution really ended 
with that memorable struggle. It will prove of great 
interest to the young folks in school to trace the history of our 
seven years' Revolutionary War from Lexington to Yorktown. 
Let them not think of naming every battle, just when, just where 
it was fought, — but picking out here and there a great event, 
let them follov/ the long road, now sunHghted, now deeply shad- 
owed, from colonial dependence to independent statehood. Knowl- 
edge of this sort, thus gained, will make of the children in years to 
come more intelligent, more patriotic citizens, than they could pos- 
sibly be w^ithout such training. And on that long road they should 
be able to pick up, as one might pluck a flower by the wayside, many 
a pleasant story of the times whose fragrance and memory may be 
lasting and sweet. Take, for instance, the story of Dolly Madison 
for the girls; for the boys, that of the Boston lads who went to General 
Gage and made their demands upon him, like the saucy little Yankees 
they were! 

And when they have reached the end of the long road, let them 
stop and see the Yorktown battle by sea and land; note the help of 
the French and the gallantry of La Fayette; watch the daring of the 
Americans and the bravery of Washington. Will it not indeed pay us 

to remember Yorktown? 

(179) 



l8o MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

SELECTIONS. 

r 

( THE YORKTOWN LESSON. 

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(Closing passage from Centennial address, October i8, 1881.) 

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" You are the advance guard of the human race; you have the 
future of the world," said Madame de Stael to a distinguished American, 
recalHng with pride what France had done for us at Yorktown. Let 
us lift ourselves to a full sense of such responsibility for the progress 
of freedom, in other lands as well as in our own. * * * 

We cannot escape from the great responsibilities of this great 
intervention of American example; and it involves nothing less than 
the hope or the despair of the Ages! Let us strive, then, to aid and 
advance the liberty of the world, in the only legitimate way in our 
power, by patriotic fideUty and devotion in upholding, illustrating, 
and adorning our own free institutions. We have nothing to fear 
except from ourselves. We are one by the configuration of nature 
and by the strong impress of art, — inextricably intwined by the lay of 
our land, the run of our rivers, the chain of our lakes, and the iron 
network of our crossing and recrossing and ever multiplying and still 
advancing tracks of trade and travel. We are one by the memories of 
our fathers. We are one by the hopes of our children. We are one 
by a Constitution and a Union which have not only survived the shock 
of foreign and civil war, but have stood the abeyance of almost all 
administrations, while the whole people were waiting breathless, in 
alternate hope and fear, for the issues of an execrable crime.. With thr 
surrender to each other of all our old sectional animosities and 
prejudices, let us be one, henceforth and always, in mutual regard, 
conciliation, and affection! 

" Go on, hand in hand, O States, never to be disunited! Be the 
praise and heroic song of all posterity! " On this auspicious day let me 
invoke, as I devoutly and fervently do, the choicest and richest 
blessings of Heaven on those who shall do most, in all time to come, 
to preserve our beloved country in Unity, Peace, and Concord. — 
Robert Charles Winthrop. 



THE LAND OF WASHINGTON. 



Note.—" The melody of this song was called the " Drum and Fife March," by the Provincial army, and was a great favorite of the 
American troops, especially as it was played by them at the Battle of Yorktown. As the publisher is desirous of rescuing from oblivion a 
spirit-stirring melody, once so familiar in the American camp, it is here given anew." , 



Words by Geo. P. Morris. 



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THE LAND OF WASHINGTON. 



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No land so f er - tile, f air,and free, As that of Washing - ton ; No land so f er - tile, 
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THE FLAG RECALLS. i8 



SELECTIONS. 



The Marquis de Rochambeau, at the Centennial Anniversary of 
Yorktown, said: 

" Citizens of the United States: You have invited us to celebrate 
with you a great achievement of arms, and we did not hesitate to brave 
the terrors of the ocean to say to you that what our fathers did in 1781 
we, their sons, would be willing to do to-day, and attest our constant 
friendship, and further show that we cherish the same sentiments as 
our fathers in those glorious days we now celebrate. In the name 
of my companions, who represent here the men who fought, permit 
me to hope that the attachment formed in these days around this 
monument which is about to be erected will be renewed in one hun- 
dred years, and will again celebrate the victory which joined our fathers 
in comradeship and alliance." 

President Arthur's address, at the Centennial Anniversary of 
Yorktown: 

'' Upon this soil one hundred years ago our forefathers brought 
to a successful issue their heroic struggle for independence. Here and 
then was established, and, as we trust, made secure upon this continent 
for ages yet to come, that principle of government which is the very 
fibre of our political system — the sovereignty of the people. The 
resentments which attended and for a time survived the clash of arms 
have long since ceased to animate our hearts. It is with no feeling 
of exultation over a defeated foe that to-day we summon up a remem- 
brance of those events which have made holy ground where we tread. 
Surely no such unworthy sentiment could find harbor in our hearts, so 
profoundly thrilled with that expression of sorrow and sympathy which 
our national bereavement has evolved from the people of England and 
their august sovereign; but it is altogether fitting that we should 
gather here to refresh our souls with the contemplation of the unfalter- 
ing patriotism, the sturdy zeal and the sublime faith with which were 
achieved the results we now commemorate. For so, if we learn aright 
the lesson of the hour, shall we be incited to transmit to the generation 



ig^ MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

which shall follow the precious legacy which our fathers left to us — 
the love of liberty protected by law. 

" Of that historic scene which we here celebrate, no feature is more 
prominent and none more touching than the participation of our gal- 
lant allies from across the sea. It was their presence which gave fresh 
and vigorous impulse to the hopes of our countrymen when well-nigh 
disheartened by a long series of disasters. It was their noble and 
generous aid, extended in the darkest period of that struggle, which 
sped the coming of our triumph and made capitulation at Yorktown 
possible, a century ago. To their descendants and representatives who 
are here present as honored guests of the nation, it is my glad duty 
to offer a cordial welcome. You have a right to share with us the 
associations which cluster about the day when your fathers fought 
side by side with our fathers in the cause which was here crowned 
with success, and none of the memories awakened by this anniversary 
are more grateful to us all than the reflection that the national friend- 
ships here so closely cemented have outlasted the mutations of a 
changeful century. God grant, my countrymen, that they may ever 
remain unshaken, and that henceforth, with ourselves and with all 
nations of the earth, we may be at peace." 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 
THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 

Prologue. 

General Grant and the Civil War, 

Song, See, the Conquering Hero Comes, 

Admiral Dewey and the Spanish War, 

Song, Dewey at Manila Bay. 

In Memoriani — May 30th. 

Selections Song, Song for Memorial Day. 

Selections Song, The Heroes' Greeting. 

Selections Song, In Memoriam. 

Selections Song, Remembered. 

(185) 




GENERAL GRANT AND THE CIVIL WAR. 

iHE name of Ulysses S. Grant is forever linked in history 
with the Civil War, waged between the North and the 
South from 1861 to 1865. Many a general and officer 
and thousands upon thousands of private soldiers, on both 
sides, fought with indescribable bravery. But it remained 
for General Grant to bring the war to an end by the surrender 
of Robert E. Lee, commander-in-chief of the Southern army, at 
Appomattox Courthouse, April 9, 1865. Grant was often charged 
with cruelty and even with indifference as to the number of his soldiers 
killed in battle. But this is not true. The sacrifice of hum^an life in 
the fierce battles that he fought was great, but it was necessary. And 
when the '' cruel war " was over and peace really came to a sorrowing 
land, sore-stricken in every part, no man in all the nation was kinder 
than he to the conquered foe, as they surrendered on the last battle- 
field of the war, nor more compassionate afterwards to the whole 
people of the desolated and impoverished South. To show such kind- 
ness and compassion he had indeed a rare opportunity, as President 
of the United States for two terms. In this great office he was vexed, 
perplexed and troubled by many problems of Reconstruction such as 
no other President had ever known; but throughout all he was patient, 
though firm, and loyal to the last degree to what he believed to be 
the good of the whole people. No wonder that New York, the great- 
est city of the Empire State, and the metropoHs of the land, asked that 
the hero and statesman might repose within its borders. And so was 
built the '' Tomb of General Grant " at Riverside, in Greater New 
York. (If time permits, a sketch of Grant's boyhood and youth, stories 
from his Autobiography, and a description of the famous '' Tomb " 
would prove of very great interest, conveying much information on 
heroic patriotism.) 

(187) 



l88 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM, 



SELECTIONS. 



HIS FIRST AND LAST SURRENDER." 



Toll! bells of the nation, toll! 

For Grant, our brave defender, 
The hero true, who made to Death 
" His first and last surrender; " 
Toll! O bells, to-day, 
And let your echoes roll 
Solemnly, mournfully 
O'er all the land 
From strand to strand; 
Toll! bells of the nation, toll! 
For Liberty's defender. 

Rise! sons of the nation, rise! 

And love's true homage render 
To him who grandly made to Death 
" His first and last surrender; " 
Lament, O world, to-day. 
And let the earth and skies 
Silently, mournfully 
Be witness to their grief 
Who mourn an honored chief; 
Mourn, sons of the nation, mourn, 
For Grant, our brave defender. 



It was on Decoration Day, in the city of New York, the last one 
he ever saw on earth. That morning, the members of the Grand Army 
of the Republic, the veterans in that vicinity, rose earlier than was 
their wont. They seemed to spend more time that morning in unfurl- 
ing the old battle-flags, in burnishing the medals of honor which deco- 
rated their breasts, for on that day they had determined to march 
by the house of their dying commander, to give him a last marching 
salute. In the streets, the columns were formed; inside the house, 
on that bed from which he never was to rise again, lay the stricken 
chief. The hand which had seized the surrendered sword of countless 
thousands could scarcely return the pressure of the friendly grasp. 



THE FLAG HALLOWS THE CIVIL WAR. 



189 



That voice that had cheered on to triumphant victory the allegiance 
of America's manhood, could no longer call for the cooling draught 
which slaked the thirst of a fevered tongue, and prostrate on that bed 
of anguish lay the form which, in the New World, had ridden at the 
head of the conquering column — which, in the Old World, had been 
deemed worthy to stand with head covered and with feet sandaled in 
the presence of princes, kings and emperors. In the street his ear 
caught the sound of martial music. Bands were playing the same 
strains which had echoed his guns at Vicksburg, the same quick-steps 
to which his men sped in hot haste when pursuing Lee through Vir- 
ginia. And then came the heavy, measured step of moving columns, 
a step which can be acquired only by years of service in the field. He 
recognized it all now. It was the tread of his old veterans. With his 
little remaining strength, he arose, and dragged himself to the window. 
He gazed upon those battle-flags dipped to him in salute, those precious 
standards, bullet-riddled, battle-stained, but remnants of their former 
service, with scarcely enough left of them on which to print the names 
of the battles. They had seen his eyes once more light with the flames 
that had enkindled them at Shiloh, at the heights of Chattanooga, amid 
the glories of Appomattox, and as those war-scarred veterans looked, 
with uncovered heads and upturned faces, for the last time upon the 
pallid features of their old chief, the cheeks which had been bronzed 
with Southern suns, and begrimed with powder, were bathed in the 
tears of manly grief. Soon they saw rising the hand which had so 
often pointed out to them the path of victory. He raised it slowly 
and painfully to his head in recognition of their salutation. When 
the column had passed, the hand fell heavily by his side. It was his 
last military salute. — Horace Porter. 



ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT. 

When his work was done, this man of blood was as tender toward 
his late adversaries as a woman towards a son! He imposed no 
humiliating conditions, spared the feelings of his antagonists, sent 
home the disbanded Southern men with food and horses for working 
their crops, and when a revengeful spirit in the executive chair showed 



igo MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

itself and threatened the chief Southern generals. Grant, with a hol)^ 
indignation, interposed himself, and compelled his superior to re- 
linquish his rash purpose. 

A man he was, without vices, with an absolute hatred of lies, and 
an eradicable love of truth, of a perfect loyalty to friendship, neither 
envious of others nor selfish of himself. With a zeal for the public 
good unfeigned, he has left to memory only such weaknesses as con- 
nect him with humanity, and such virtues as will rank him among 
heroes. 

The tidings of his death, long expected, gave a shock to the whole 
world. Governments, rulers, eminent statesmen, and scholars from 
all civilized nations, gave sincere tokens of sympathy. For the hour, 
sympathy rolled as a wave over the whole land. It closed the last 
furrow of war; it extinguished the last prejudice; it effaced the last 
vestige of hatred; and cursed be the hand that shall bring them back! 

Johnston and Buckner on one side of his bier, and Sherman and 
Sheridan upon the other, he has come to his tomb, — a silent symbol 
that liberty had conqured slavery, and peace war. 

He rests in peace! No drum nor cannon shall disturb his slumber! 

Sleep, hero, sleep, until another trumpet shall shake the heavens 
and the earth! Then come forth to glory and immortality. — Henry 
Ward Beecher. 



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THE FLAG HALLOWS THE CIVIL WAR. 



SELECTIONS. 

GRANT. 

When the shuddering earth foretold 
Ruin, and war's thunder rolled, 

Who was honest as the soil, 
Natural, simple, free of cant, 

Patient as the oxen toil? 
Grant. 

While the earthquake rent the land, 
Brothers battling hand to hand, 

Who looked never toward the rear, 
Let the politicians rant. 

Void of selfishness and fear? 
Grant. 

Oh, the need of one, could do 
Work for twenty! stanch and true. 

Taciturn through praise and blame — 
One, disaster could not daunt, 

Firm, decided as the name. 
Grant! 

When our leaders weakened, then 
Who was master over men? 

While dismay the Nation smote. 
Thoughtful, wise, of anger scant, 

Greatest who, in plainest coat? 
Grant. 

Silent battler, manly judge. 
Weighing chiefs without a grudge, 

When the gun-smoke parted, foes 
Shielded from revenge and taunt, 

Shared your heart who bore your blows, 
Grant. 

Faithful to the falsest friends, 
Duped by rogues for paltry ends. 

You were like the wholesome earth. 
Home for oak and poison-plant! 

Fair and foul but raised your worth, 
Grant! 

13 



193 



194 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Red and black usurp the white; 
Fear of death is fear of night: 

Redder, blacker moments far. 
Fenced about with spectres gaunt, 

You have passed in hateful war, 
Grant. 

Though the last dark field you plow, 
Fearless then, no fear is now, 

Great our General! What is night? 
Shades that o'er the landscape slant — 

All beyond them, glorious Light, 
Grant! 

Fame for you for aye shall run 
Even as all-victorious Sun, 

For like him you cannot die. 
Dawns your lofty deeds will chant, 
Hark! the coming aeons cry — 
"Grant, Grant!" 

— C. De Kay. 

(New York, March 30, 1885.) 



VANQUISHED. 

Not by the ball or brand 
Sped by a mortal hand, 
Not by the lightning stroke 
When fiery tempests broke,- — 
Not 'mid the ranks of war 
Fell the great Conqueror. 

Unmoved, undismayed, 

In the crash and carnage of the cannonade, — 

Eye that dimmed not, hand that failed not, 

Brain that swerved not, heart that quailed not, 

Steel nerve, iron form, — 

The dauntless spirit that o'erruled the storm. 



THE FLAG HALLOWS THE CIVIL WAR. 195 

While the Hero peaceful slept 
A foeman to his chamber crept, 
Lightly to the slumberer came, 
Touched his brow and breathed his name; 
O'er the stricken form there passed 
Suddenly an icy blast. 



The Hero woke; rose undismayed; 
Saluted Death — and sheathed his blade. 

The Conqueror of a hundred fields 
To a mightier Conqueror yields; 
No mortal foeman's blow 
Laid the great Soldier low. 
Victor in his latest breath — 
Vanquished but by Death. 

— Francis F. Brozvne. 



General Sheridan, in reply to a request for his opinion of General 
Grant as a commander, recently said: '' He was a far greater man than 
people thought him to be. He was able, no matter how situated, to 
do more than was expected of him. That has always been my opinion 
of General Grant. I have the greatest admiration for him, both as a 
man and as a commander." 



WHY THEY CALLED HIM LEADER. 

General Sherman, having been asked why he and Sheridan always 
acknowledged the leadership of Grant, replied: '' Because, while I 
could map out a dozen plans for a campaign, every one of which Sheri- 
dan would declare he could fight out to victory^ neither he nor I could 
tell which of the plans was the best one; but Grant, who simply sat 
and listened and smoked while we had been talking over the maps, 
would, at the end of our talking, tell us which was the best plan, and, 
in a dozen or two words, the reason of his decision, and then it would 
all be so clear to us that he was right that Sheridan and I would look 
at each other and wonder v/hy we hadn't seen the advantage of it our- 
selves. I tell you, Grant is not appreciated yet. The military critics 



1^5 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

of Europe are too ignorant of American geography to appreciate the 
conditions of his campaigns. I have seen Grant plan campaigns for 
500,000 troops along a front line 2,500 miles in length, and send them 
marching to their objective points, through sections where the sur- 
veyor's chain was never drawn, and where the commissariat necessi- 
ties alone v/ould have broken down any transportation system of 
Europe; and three months later I have seen those armies standing 
where he said they should be, and what he planned accompHshed; and 
I give it as my military opinion that General Grant is the greatest 
commander of modern times, and with him only three others can 
stand — Napoleon, Wellington and Moltke." 




ADMIRAL DEWEY AND THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. 

HE name of George Dewey, in every part of our country, 
is " a household word." He stands forth as the best- 
known American who fought in what is known as " The 
Spanish- American War." There may be a great many 
young pupils in our common schools who do not know 
just what that war was, or just why it was fought, — but it would be 
difificult to find one, beyond the primary grades, who has not heard 
of Admiral Dewey, the great sailor, and how he sailed with his ships 
over mines and torpedoes and sunken vessels, straight into the har- 
bor of Manila, and on May i, 1898, without the loss of a man or a 
gun or a ship, won the greatest naval victory, in many respects, ever 
achieved by man. And when, in the autumn of 1899, the famous 
sailor came to this country, he received no warmer welcome, no finer 
tribute to his glory, than that given him by the school children of 
Greater New York, a welcome that was renewed and prolonged by the 
boys and girls of Vermont when the Admiral returned, after many 
years of sea-life, to his birth-place and boyhood's home in the " Green 
Mountain State." Is it not right, then, for all the boys and girls of 
the Empire State to have a part in the celebration which their school- 
fellows in Greater New York began? Yes, surely. But the wise 
teacher will not fail to seize the opportunity to give to his school — 
to each and every pupil — the best idea possible of the cause of the 
brief war, — of the valor of our soldiers and sailors — of the fight at 
Santiago — the battle at San Juan and the bravery there displayed by 
regulars and volunteers, and by the '' Rough Riders " under the leader- 
ship of the patriot and soldier who is now the Governor of New York, 
Theodore Roosevelt — the meaning of the '' Dew^ey Arch " erected in 
Greater New York, — and, above all, to make clear and strong the les- 
son taught Spain by this countr}^, that oppression and tyranny, as 
that of Cuba by Spain, must cease, — that Freedom is the privilege 
of all mankind. 

(197) 



igS MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

SELECTIONS. 

Sure of the rights keeping free from all offense ourselves, actuated 
only by upright and patriotic considerations, moved neither by passion 
nor selfishness, the Government will continue its watchful care over the 
rights and property of American citizens, and v/ill abate none of its 
efforts to bring about by peaceful agencies a peace which shall be 
honorable and enduring. If it shall hereafter appear to be a duty 
imposed by our obligations to ourselves, to civilization and humanity, 
to intervene with force, it shall be without fault on our part, and only 
because the necessity for such action will be so clear as to command 
the support and approval of the civilized world.— President McKinley, 
from Message to Congress, December, 1897. 



THE MAINE. 

On the morning of February i6th came the news that on the 
previous evening the battle-ship Maine had been blown up and totally 
destroyed in the harbor of Havana. This gigantic murder of sleeping 
men, in the fancied security of a friendly harbor^ was the direct out- 
come and the perfect expression of Spanish rule, and the appropriate 
action of a corrupt system struggling in its last agony. At last the 
unsettled question had come home to the United States, and it spoke 
in awful tones, which rang loud and could not be silenced. A wave 
of swift, fierce wrath swept over the American people. But a word 
was needed, and war would have come then in response to this foul 
and treacherous act of war^ for such, in truth, it was. But the word-s 
of Captain Sigsbee, the commander of the Maine, whose coolness, self- 
restraint, and high courage were beyond praise, asking, even in the 
midst of the slaughter, that judgment should be suspended, were 
heeded aHke by government and people. — Henry Cabot Lodge. 

The long trial has proved that the object for which Spain has 
waged the war cannot be attained. The fire of insurrection may flame 
or may smoulder with varying seasons, but it has not been and it is 
plain that it cannot be extinguished by present methods. The only 



THE FLAG HALLOWS THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. 199 

hope of relief and repose from a condition which can no longer be 
endured is the enforced pacification of Cuba. In the name of humanity, 
in the name of civilization, in behalf of endangered American interests, 
which give us the right and the duty to speak and to act, the war in 
Cuba must stop. The issue is now with the Congress. It is a solemn 
responsibility. I have exhausted every effort to relieve the intolerable 
condition of affairs which is at our doors. Prepared to execute every 
obligation imposed upon me by the constitution and the law, I await 
your action. — President McKinley, from Message to Congress, April 
II, 1898. 

On the 24th of April, I directed the Secretary of the Navy to 
telegraph orders to Commodore George Dewey, of the United States 
Navy, commanding the Asiatic Squadron, then lying in the port of 
Hong Kong, to proceed forthwith to the Philippine Islands, there to 
commence operations and engage the assembled Spanish fleet. 
Promptly obeying that order, the United States squadron entered the 
harbor of Manila at daybreak on the ist of May and immediately 
engaged the entire Spanish fleet of eleven ships, which were under the 
protection of the fire of the land forts. After a stubborn fight, in 
v/hich the enemy suffered great loss, their vessels were destroyed or 
completely disabled, and the water battery at Cavite silenced. Of our 
brave officers and men, not one was lost, and only eight injured, and 
those slightly. All of our ships escaped any serious damage. * * * 
The magnitude of this victory can hardly be measured by the ordinary 
standards of naval warfare. Outweighing any material advantage is 
the moral effect of this initial success. At this unsurpassed achieve- 
ment, the great heart of our nation throbs, not with boasting or with 
greed of conquest, but with deep gratitude that this triumph has come 
in a just cause, and that by the grace of God an effective step has thus 
been taken toward the attainment of the wished-for peace. To those 
whose skill, courage, and devotion have won the fight, to the gallant 
commander, and the brave officers and m.en who aided him, our country 
owes an incalculable debt. — President McKinley, from Message to Con- 
gress, May 9, 1898. 



200 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM, 

THE SAILING OF THE FLEET. 

Two fleets have sailed from Spain. The one would seek 

What lands uncharted ocean might conceal. 
Despised, condemned, and pitifully weak, 

It found a world for Leon and Castile. 

Another, mighty, arrogant, and vain, 

Sought to subdue a people who were free. 
Ask of the storm-gods where its galleons be, — 

Whelmed 'neath the billows of the northern main! 

A third is threatened. On the westward track, 

Once gloriously traced, its vessels speed, 
With gold and crimson battle-flags unfurled. 
On Colon's course, but to Sidonia's wrack, 

Sure fated, if so need shall come to need, 
For sons of Drake are lords of Colon's world. 

— The New York Tribune. 



dewey's VICTORY — May i, 1898. 

" Capture or destroy the Spanish fleet at Manila." Such was the 
purport of President McKinley's order to Commodore George Dewey^ 
commanding the American squadron in Asiatic waters ; and right nobly 
did he carry out his instructions. Anchored in the harbor of a friendly 
power, he was informed that by the laws of neutrality he must put 
to sea. Six thousand miles from home, with no base of supplies, there 
were but two things for the intrepid commander to do : He must seek 
in flight the safety of our own shores, or he must fight against over-^ 
whelming odds. He did not hesitate; but chose the latter alternative 
as if there were no other. 

How the haughty Spaniards sneered at his pretensions! Why 
should they, with a fleet superior in numbers, protected by the great 
guns of their forts, fear the ''Yankee pigs "? — the commercials who 
could not fight? They were soon to learn another lesson. On the 
evening of April 30, the order to advance to action was given. And, 
under cover of the darkness, our majestic ships, with lights extin- 
guished, crept slowly, Uke tigers of the jungle, through the mine-pro- 



THE FLAG HALLOWS THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. 201 

tected channel, past the forts up to the very teeth of the Spaniards. 
When the morning of the first of May broke over the peaceful Oriental 
sea, it saw the despised American in the very fangs of her proud enemy. 

What a charming scene! The great ships heaving on the bosom 
of the placid bay, like graceful swans. The sleeping city, quiet in the 
distant haze. The gaily plumaged tropical bird calling to its mate 
in a neighboring palm. The pennants of the forts lazily flapping on 
their supporting poles. 

The scene changes, and the heavenly peace of nature gives place 
to the hell of war ! The great guns of our ships belch forth their wrath 
of fire and steel. The Spanish ships and forts reply. Soon^ chaos and 
destruction reign. Shells shriek through the quivering air. The peace- 
ful sea has become a volcano from seething shot and bursting shell! 
The startled Spaniards had not expected such an onslaught. Surely 
this foe can fight! 

The Spanish flag-ship is on fire! The flag is bravely transferred 
to another; but that too is soon disabled. Frantically the iron hail is 
poured from fort and ship; but it glances from our steel sides or falls 
harmlessly into the sea. Slowly our great ships move on, firing with 
unerring aim as if at target practice. Three times they move around 
the deadly curve and the last Spanish ship is burned or sunk; the forts 
on shore are a mass of ruins. The victory is won, and not an American 
has been killed, not a ship seriously injured. Does our hero exult? 
Not he. He sends a message to the Spanish admiral commending his 
bravery and offering to care for his wounded sailors. 

Days of suspense follow. There are rumors that Dewey has been 
victorious, followed by others of a less reassuring nature. Spanish 
dispatches claim a victory; but singularly omit to mention American 
losses. Then comes a report that Devv^ey has been trapped; and the 
whole nation is anxious; but not a word of censure is heard. Those 
who know Commander Dewey say, " Do not fear, he is a quiet man; 
but when he fights, he fights hard." 

At last authentic news is received; and all the world wonders. 
Men recall to mind the achievements of Nelson, when he defeated the 
combined fleets of France and Spain ninety-three years ago. 



202 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

The authorities at Washington promptly make him an admiral 
and vote him a sword. 

A new star is added to the already brilliant galaxy of American 
naval heroes ; and to the names of Paul Jones, Decatur, Hull, Lawrence, 
Perry, and Farragut, is added George Dewey. The civilized world is 
amazed. Men recall the great feats of the past; but history reveals 
nothing like this. A whole fleet, supported by shore batteries, de- 
stroyed without the loss of a single man on the victorious squadron. 

The new warships have been tried, and the product of modern 
thought has triumphed. 

The nations awake to the fact that a new power has risen with 
which they must reckon. This young giant has struck his first blow 
in the very cradle of the race, in the stronghold of despotism and 
tyranny; and that blow was struck in the name of liberty. Hope 
revives in the hearts of the down-trodden millions. Liberty is no 
longer a dream, a sentiment. It has a champion who makes it an 
assured fact. 

And with the dawning of the new century come prophetic mur- 
murings, never heard before, that the great race, speaking one tongue, 
that has carried light to the dark places of the earth, shall be united, 
and carry law, and liberty, and justice to all the world. — John D. 
Wilson. 



Youngest descendant of a glorious line, — 

Jones, Perry, Hull, Decatur, heroes bold, 

Who fought this nation's brave sea-fights of old. 
And Farragut, whose great deeds on the brine 
Through our wild civil strife with fierce glow shine,^ — 

Dewey, all hail! With theirs is now enrolled 

Thy name; with theirs thy story shall be told; 
Thy country's praise and gratitude are thine; 
Thy daring sally in Manila Bay 

Has stirred the whole world's pulse, and well begun 
The war for human rights we wage to-day 

With consecrated sword. Hero, well done! 
The fleet was heaven-directed in that fray — 

No grander battle e'er yet fought and won. 

— Virginia Vaughan. 



Lilian Budington. 
Introduction. 



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DEWEY AT MANILA BAY. 



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MEMORIAL DAY. 



HIS national holiday was at first called '' Decoration Day "— 
because of the custom of decorating the graves of Union 
soldiers on that day. But now it bears the sweeter and 
more sacred name of Memorial Day, — because of the call- 
ing to remembrance then, in a special and public way, 
the brave men and brave deeds of the terrible Civil War of 1861. 
We Americans ought to regard the thirtieth of May, each year, 
as an Holy Day, rather than a mere amusement holiday. Alas! 
it is fast becoming a day for sports and gam.es and out-door 
spectacles. And yet, it can never become wholly that, as long as there 
remains on earth a single soldier of the Grand Army of the Republic. 
For to him will be present on each Sabbath Day of the Nation, the 
thought of the mighty conflict, with its patriotic spirit, its heroic deeds, 
its loyal " Boys in Blue/' — all indeed that made that conflict so 
memorable; and his trembUng hands will still seek to strew flowers of 
remembrance upon the graves of his former companions-in-arms. So, 
let a like spirit of loyalty and patriotism animate the soul of every one 
of the thousands of G. A. R. Veterans still living. Let every teacher, 
in his or her place, seek to instill into the mind of every pupil a knowl- 
edge of the great events and actors in the war-drama; better still, an 
idea of the meaning of the war, its triumphant issue in a restored Union 
and an emancipated race — and best of all, a sentiment in every youth- 
ful heart of ever-enkindling, ever-growing love for this dear " Country 
of Ours!" 

Probably there is not a school district in the State in which there 
is not at least one veteran of the Civil War. And the one best way to 
keep Memorial Day in school will be to invite him, as the guest of 
honor, to tell his story of the war. If a G. A. R. '' post " is in the 
neighborhood, summon its members to your memorial service and let 
some of them speak for all. If any soldier or sailor of the recent war 

(205) 



2o6 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

with Spain is nigh at hand, ask him to be present and speak. He will 
be heard giving the meed of praise and honor to the men of '6i for 
their unparalleled devotion to the Union, — and they. The Fathers, will 
testify in turn to the patriotic spirit which led The Sons to beat down 
tyranny and lift the Cuban to the joys of Freedom. Do not fear that 
such a service will celebrate the glories of war, and so create a warlike 
spirit in youthful hearts; no, for it commemorates, rather, the sorrowful 
and heart-aching phases of strife. Nor fear that the keeping of such 
a day will stir up a spirit of bitterness against the conquered South; 
no, that has died away by the healing effects of time,, by the thought 
of a common origin and common destiny of all the states in the Union. 
The South as well as the North keeps its Memorial Day — for sorrow 
for the dead, as Washington Irving has told us, is the only sorrow 
from which we refuse to be separated. But in recent years — on plat- 
forms, in burial-grounds, wherever and however Memorial Day has 
been kept, — the *' Boys in Blue " and the " Boys in Gray " have met 
and each borne testimony to the valor and honor of the other. If the 
teacher of a school cannot arrange for an exercise in the school, at 
least see to it that the boys and girls have a part in any commemoration 
arranged by a G. A. R. post or committee. And whether in school, 
in public hall or assembly, at a cemetery — wherever Memorial Day 
is kept, — let it be understood and impressed that it is always the 
mission of Right and Duty to declare and carry on war, whenever the 
Union is in peril, or the cause of Freedom demands the sacrifice. 



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THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 



209 



QUOTATIONS. 

Mid the flower-wreathed tombs I stand 
Bearing lilies in my hand. 

— Thomas Wentworth Higginson. 



The hght that shines from a patriot's grave is a pure and holy light. — Homer 
Everett. 

Proudly do I give 
A song to you who kept the banner old, 
The dearest flag o'er any country blowing, 

— Maurice F. Thompson. 

Let us scatter over their graves the brightest beauties of life — the glad tokens 
of a blessed immortality. — George S. Mitchell. 

Wherever Honor's sword is drawn, 

And Justice rears her head, 
Where heroes fall and martyrs bleed. 

There rest our Country's dead. 

— Cornelia M. Jordan. 

There is a shrine in the temple of ages where lies, forever embalmed, the | 

memories of such as have deserved well of their country and their race. — John Mason / 
Brown. 

Foes we were in the years long past. 

Now friends in Union true; 
And the tie that binds our loyal love 

Is the Red, the White and Blue. 

— Anon. 

So long as the glorious flag for which they died waves over our reunited country, 
will each recurring spring see fresh laurels on the graves of our country's dead. — 
Anon. 

* * * fallen in manhood's fairest noon, — 
We will remember, mid our sighs. 
He never yields his life too soon. 
For country and for right who dies. 

— Atlantic Monthly. 

Our Country's Gallant Dead— Our country's soil gives them all sepulture. They 
sleep beneath the Stripes and Stars. — Joseph H. TwitchelL 

14 



2IO MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

The Northern Lights are blending 

With the rays of the Southern Cross, 
And the gulf is bridged between them 

By a common sense of loss. 

— Susan J. Adams. 

They have not died in vain. The great hope that inspired and armed them has 
been realized how gloriously! They saved their country — they and such as they. — 
George Putnam (adapted). 

They throng the silence of the heart, 

We see them as of yore; 
The kind, the true, the brave, the sweet, 

Who talk with us no more. 

— Anon. 



Invoke all to heed well the lesson of Decoration Day, to weave each year a fresh 
garland for the grave of some hero and to rebuke any and all who talk of civil war, 
save as the " last dread tribunal of kings and peoples." — Gen. William T. Sherman 
(adapted). 

Their names resplendent on the roll of fame. 
Their monument each flag that floats on high: 

Why should we weep? No, no, they are not dead; 
A grateful country will not let them die. 

— Thomas F. Power. 



In the fielvi of Gettysburg, as we now behold it, the blue and the gray blending in 
happy harmony, like the mingling hues of the summer landscape, we may see the 
radiant symbol of the triumphant America of our pride, our hope and our joy. — 
George William Curtis. 

/ Sleep, comrades, sleep in calm repose, 

I Upon Columbia's breast; 

\^ For thee with love her bosom glows 

Rest ye, brave heroes, rest! 

— /. Henry Dwyer. 

Every act of noble sacrifice to the country, every instance of patriotic devotion 
to her cause has its beneficial influence. A nation's character is the sum of its 
splendid deeds; they constitute our common patrimony, the nation's inheritance. — 
Henry Clay. 



THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY, 21I 

* * * in the <rreat review \ 

I 
When crowns and uniforms shall never fade, s 

I 

Heroes, receive your honors due | 

On grand parade, -^ 

— John A. Murphy. 

All the great and good shall live in the heart of ages, while marble and bronze 
shall endure, and when marble and bronze have perished, they shall " still Jive " in 
memory so long as men shall reverence law and honor patriotism and love liberty. — 
Edward Everett. 

Glorious and meet 
To honor thus the dead, 
Who chose the better part 
And for their country bled. 

— Richard Watson Gilder. 

"Dead on the field of honor!" This is the record of thousands of unnamed 
men, whose influence upon other generations is associated with no personal distinc- 
tion, but whose sacrifice will lend undying lustre to the nation's archives, and richer 
capacity to the national life. — E. A. Chapin. 

Soft stream the sunshine overhead, 

Green grow the grasses on your graves; 

Heaven will remember you, though dead, 
Ungarlanded, immortal braves. 

— Harper's Magazine. 

Those who fought against us, are now of us and with us reverently acknowledge 
that above all the desires of men move the majestic laws of God, evolving alike 
from victory or defeat of nations, a substantial good for all His children. — Gen. 
George A. Sheridan. 

Sleep soldiers! still in honored rest 

Your truth and valor wearing; 
The bravest are the tenderest, — 

The loving are the daring. 

— Bayard Taylor. 

We join you in setting apart this land as an undying monument of peace, brother- 
hood, and perpetual Union. We unite in the solemn consecration of these hallowed 
hills as a holy, eternal pledge of fidelity to the life, freedom and unity of this cherished 
Republic. — Gen. John B. Gordon, Address on behalf of Confederate veterans, Gettys- 
burg, Pa., July 3, 1888. 



212 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

A debt we ne'er can pay- 
To them is justly due, 

And, to the Nation's latest day, 

Our children's children still shall say, 
" They died for me and you." 

■ — Anon. 

By the homely traditions of the fireside, by the headstones in the churchyard 
consecrated to those whose forms repose far off in rude graves, or sleep beneath the 
sea, embalmed in the memory of succeeding generations of parents and children, the 
heroic dead will live on in immortal youth. — Governor Andrew, of Massachusetts. 

/ So close the Blue and Gray have fought, 

So near they lowly lie, 
God grant, that now their life-work wrought. 
Their arms be linked on high 



Peace blesses all our happy land, 

One flag from lake to sea. 
Great God! each loyal heart and hand, 

And voice is praising Thee. 

— D. H. Kent. 

To-day it is the highest duty of all, no matter on what side they were, but above 
all of those who have struggled for the preservation of the Union, to strive that it 
become one of generous confidence in which all the States shall, as of old, stand 
shoulder to shoulder, if need be, against the world in arms. — Ex-Attorney-General 
Charles Devens. 



SELECTIONS. 

Your marches, sieges, and battles, in distance, duration, resolu- 
tion, and brilliancy of results, dim the luster of the world's past 
military achievements, and will be the patriot's precedent in de- 
fense of liberty and right in all time to come. In obedience to 
your country's call, you left your homes and families, and volunteered 
in her defense. Victory has crowned your valor, and secured the pur- 
pose of your patriotic hearts; and with the gratitude of your country- 
men, and the highest honors a great and free nation can accord, you 



THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 213 

will soon be permitted to return to your homes and families^ conscious 
of having discharged the highest duties of American citizens. — Ulysses 
S. Grant (from his farewell to the Union Army). 

The soldiers of the Republic were not seekers after vulgar glory. 
They were not animated by the hope of plunder or the love of con- 
quest. They fought to preserve the blessings of liberty and that their 
children might have peace. They were the defenders of humanity, the 
destroyers of prejudice, the breakers of chains, and in the name of the 
future they slew the monster of their time. All honor to the Brave! 
They kept our country on the map of the world, and our flag in heaven. 
The soldiers of the Republic finished what the soldiers of the Revolu- 
tion commenced. They relighted the torch that fell from their august 
hands and filled the world again with light. — Robert G, IngersolL 

Grander than the Greek, nobler than the Roman, the soldiers of 
the Republic, with patriotism as taintless as the air, battled for the 
rights of others; for the nobility of labor; fought that mothers might | 
ovv^n their babes; that arrogant idleness should not scar the back of ! 
patient toil; and that our country should not be a many-headed mon- \ 
ster made of warring states, but a nation, sovereign,, grand, and free. 1 
Blood was water, money, leaves, and life was common air until one \ 
flag floated over a Republic, without a master and without a slave. 
The soldiers of the Union saved the South as well as the North. They 
made us a nation. Their victory made us free and rendered tyranny 
in every other land as insecure as snow upon volcano lips. They rolled 
the stone from the sepulchre of progress, and found therein two angels 
clad in shining garments — Nationality and Liberty. — Robert, G. Inger- 
soil. J 

I share with you all the pleasure and gratitude which Americans 
should feel on this anniversary (July 4). But I must dissent from one 
remark to the effect that I saved the country during the war. If our 
country could be saved or ruined by the efforts of one man, we should 
not have a country. If I had never held command, if I had fallen, if all 
our generals had fallen, there were ten thousand behind who would 
have done our work just as well, and who would have followed the 



214 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

contest to the end and never surrendered the Union. We should have 
been unworthy of our country and of the American name if we had not 
made every sacrifice to save the Union. — Ulysses S. Grant. 

Sometimes in passing along the street, I meet a man who, in the 
left lapel of his coat, wears a little, plain, modest, unassuming bronze 
button. The coat is often old and rusty; the face above, seamed and 
furrowed by the toil and suffering of adverse years; perhaps beside it 
hangs an empty sleeve, and below it stumps a wooden peg. But when 
I meet the man who wears that button, I doff my hat and stand un- 
covered in his presence — yea ! to me the very dust his weary feet has 
pressed is holy ground; for I know that man, in the dark hour of the 
nation's peril, bared his breast to the hell of battle to keep the flag of 
our country in the Union sky. 

May be at Donelson, he reached the inner trench; at Shiloh, held 
the broken line; at Chattanooga, cHmbed the flame-swept hill; or 
stormed the clouds on Lookout Heights. He was not born or bred 
to soldier life. His country's summons called him from the plow, the 
bench, the forge, the loom, the mine, the store, the office, the college, 
the sanctuary. He did not fight for greed of gold, to find adventure, 
or to win renown. He loved the peace of quiet ways; and yet he broke 
the clasp of clinging arms, turned from the witching glance of tender 
eyes, left good-bye kisses on tiny lips, to look death in the face on 
desperate fields. And when the war was over, he quietly took up the 
broken threads of love and life as best he could, a better citizen for 
having been so good a soldier. — John H. Thurston. 

The Minute Man of the Revolution! And who was he? He Was 
the husband and father, who left the plough in the furrow, the hammer 
on the bench, and kissing his wife and children, marched to die or to 
be free. The Minute Man of the Revolution! He was the old, the 
middle-aged, the young. He was Captain Miles of Acton, who reproved 
his men for jesting on the march! He was Deacon Josiah Haines, of 
Sudbury, eighty years old, who marched with his company to South 
Bridge, at Concord, then joined in that hot pursuit to Lexington, and 
fell as gloriously as Warren at Bunker Hill. This was the Minute Man 
of the Revolution! The rural citizen, trained in the common school, 



THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 



215 



the town-meeting, who carried a bayonet that thought, and whose gun, 
loaded with a principle, brought down, not a man, but a system. 
Intrenched in his own honesty, the king's gold could not buy him; 
enthroned in the love of his fellow-citizens, the king's writ could not 
take him; and when, on the morning at Lexington, the king's troops 
marched to seize him, his sublime faith saw, beyond the clouds of the 
moment, the rising sun of the America we behold, and careless of 
himself, mindful only of his country, he exultingly exclaimed: *' Oh! 
What a glorious morning! " — George William Curtis. 

All honor to the Army of the United States. Truly is its muster 
roll shorter than the list of its achievements. Yet amid all strictures, 
cavil, and carping it has a place well earned and warm in the heart of 
this people, for its generals have never sought to be dictators, nor its 
regiments pretorian guards, and with them the safety of the country 
and the liberties of the people are secure. And long, long may it be so! 
— William E. Furness. 



Every mountain and hill shall have its treasured name, every river 
shall keep some solemn title, every valley and every lake shall cherish 
its honored register; and till the mountains are worn out and the rivers 
forget to flow, till the clouds are weary of replenishing springs, and the 
springs forget to gush, and the rills to sing, shall their names be kept 
fresh with reverent honors which are inscribed upon the book of 
National Remembrance. — H. W. Beecher. 

Thank God for deeds of valor done! 

Thank God for victories hardly won! 

That such as you need never know 

The anguish of those days of woe; 

For time and peace old wounds have healed, 

And flowers now strew the battle-field. 

But ah! the graves that no man names or knows, 
Uncounted graves, which never can be found; 
Graves of the precious " missing " where no sound 

Of tender weeping will be heard, where goes 
No loving step of kindred. 
But nature knows her wilderness. 




-^ 



2l6 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



There are no " missing " in her numbered ways, 
In her great heart is no forgetfulness, 
Each grave she keeps, she will adorn, caress; 
We cannot lay such wreaths as Summer lays, 
And all her days are Decoration Days. 

— Helen Hunt. 



The muffled drum's sad roll has beat 

The soldier's last tattoo; 
No more on Life's parade shall meet 

That brave and fallen few. 
On Fame's eternal camping ground 

Their silent tents are spread, 
And Glory guards, with solemn round, 

The bivouac of the dead. 



Rest on, embalmed and sainted deadl 

Dear as the blood ye gave, 
No impious footsteps here shall tread 

The herbage of your grave. 
Nor shall your story be forgot 

While Fame her record keeps. 
Or Honor points the hallowed spot 

Where Valor proudly sleeps. 



Theodore O'Hora. 



THE HEROES' GREETING. 



Charles E. Boyd. 



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THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 2ig 



SELECTIONS. 



BUGLES OF GETTYSBURG. 

Sound, bugles! sound again! 
Rouse them to life again, 

Awake them all! 
Here, where the Blue and Gray 
Struggled in fierce array. 
Wake them in peace to-day; 

God bless them all! 

Sound bugles! sound again! 
Sound o'er these hills again, 

Where gather all; 
Those who are left to-day. 
Left of the battle's fray. 
Left of the Blue and Gray; 

God bless them all! 

Sound bugles! sound again! 
Bid all unite again, 

Like brothers all; 
Here, clasping hands, to-day. 
With love for Blue and Gray, 
Dead is all hate to-day; 

God bless them all! 

— Wellesley Bradshaw. 

No nobler emotion can fill the breast of any man than that which 
prompts him to utter honest praise of an adversary whose convictions 
and opinions are at war with his own; and where is there a Confederate 
soldier in our land who has not felt a thrill of generous admiration and 
applause for the pre-eminent heroism of the gallant Federal admiral 
who lashed himself to the mainmast^ while the tattered sails and frayed 
cordage of his vessel were being shot away by piecemeal above his 
head, and slowly but surely picked his way through sunken reefs of 
torpedoes^ whose destructive powers consigned many of his luckless 
comrades to watery graves? The fame of such men as Farragut, Stan- 
ley, Hood, and Lee, and the hundreds of private soldiers, who were 



220 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM, 

the true heroes of the war, belongs to no cHme or section, but is the 
common property of mankind. They were all cast in the same grand 
mould of self-sacrificing patriotism, and I intend to teach my children 
to revere their names as long as the love of country is respected as a 
noble sentiment in the human breast. — Lawrence Sullivan Ross. 

THE BLUE AND THE GRAY. 

By the flow of the inland river. 

Whence the fleets of iron have fled, 
Where the blades of the grave-grass quiver, 

Asleep are the ranks of the dead; 
Under the sod and the dew, 

Waiting the judgment-day; 
Under the one, the Blue; 

Under the other, the Gray. 

These in the robings of glory. 

Those in the gloom of defeat; 
All with the battle-blood gory, 

In the dusk of eternity meet; 
Under the sod and the dew, 

Waiting the judgment day; 
Under the laurel, the Blue; 

Under the willow^ the Gray. 

From the silence of sorrowful hours, 

The desolate mourners go, 
Lx)vingly laden with flowers. 

Alike for the friends and the foe. 
Under the sod and the dew. 

Waiting the judgment day; 
Under the roses, the Blue; 

Under the lilies, the Gray. 

So, with an equal splendor, 

The morning sun-rays fall, 
With a touch impartially tender. 

On the blossoms blooming for all. 
Under the sod and the dew, 

Waiting the judgment day; 
Broidered with gold, the Blue; 

Mellowed with gold, the Gray. 



THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 221 

So, when the summer calleth, 

On forest and field of grain, 
With an equal murmur falleth 

The cooling drip of the rain; 
Under the sod and the dew, 

Waiting the judgment day; 
Wet with the rain, the Blue; 

Wet with the rain, the Gray. 

Sadly, but not with upbraiding. 

The generous deed was done; 
In the storm of the years that are fading 

No braver battle was won. 
Under the sod and the dew, 

Waiting the judgment day; 
Under the blossoms, the Blue; 

Under the garlands, the Gray. 

No more shall the war-cry sever, 

Or the winding rivers be red; 
They banish our anger forever 

When they laurel the graves of our dead. 
Under the sod and the dew. 

Waiting the judgment day; 
Love and tears for the Blue; 

Tears and love for the Gray. 

— Francis M. Finch. 

As to the kind of preparation which sound policy dictates, the 
navy, most certainly, in any point of view, occupies the first place. It 
is the safest, most effectual, and cheapest mode of defense. If the force 
be the safest and most efficient, which is at the same time the cheapest, 
on that should be our principal reliance. We have heard much of the 
danger of standing armies to our liberties. The objection cannot be 
made to the navy. Generals, it miust be acknowledged, have often 
advanced at the head of armies to imperial rank; but in what instance 
has an admiral usurped the liberties of his country? Put our strength 
in the navy for foreign defense and we shall certainly escape the whole 
catalogue of possible evils painted by gentlemen on the other side. 



222 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

If anything can preserve the country in its most imminent dangers 
from abroad, it is this species of armament. If we desire to be free 
from future wars (as I hope we may be), this is the only way to effect 
it. We shall have peace then, and, what is of still higher moment, peace 
with perfect security. — John C. Calhoun. 

CONCORD HYMN. 

By the rude bridge that arched the flood. 

Their flag to April's breeze unfurled, 
Here once the embattled farmers stood, 

And fired the shot heard round the world. 

The foe long since in silence slept; 

Alike the conqueror silent sleeps; 
And Time the ruined bridge has swept 

Down the dark stream which seaward creeps. 

On this green bank, by this soft stream, 

We set to-day a votive stone; 
That memory may their dead redeem. 

When, like our sires, our sons are gone. 

Spirit, that made those heroes dare 

To die, and leave their children free, 
Bid Time and Nature gently spare 

The shaft we raise to them and thee. 

— Ralph Waldo Emerson. 

No praise can be too great for the American volunteers, who passed 
through days of battle, enduring fatigue without a murmur, always in 
the right place at the right time, and emerging from the fiery ordeal 
a compact body of veterans, equal to any task that brave and disci- 
plined men can be called upon to undertake. — Gen. George McClellan. 

General Grant said: '' We did our work as well as we could, and 
so did thousands of others. What saved the Union was the coming 
forward of the young men of the nation. They came from their homes 
and fields, as they did in the time of the Revolution. The humblest 
soldier who carried a musket is entitled to as much credit as those 
who were in command. So long as our young men are animated by 
this spirit, there will be no fear for the Union." 



THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 22' 

THE SOLDIER BOY. 

The man who wears the shoulder straps 

And has his sword in hand, 
Who proudly strides along in front, 

Looks good, and brave, and grand; 
But, back there in the ranks somewhere, — 

Just which I cannot see, — 
With his gun upon his s-houlder, is 

The soldier boy for me! 

The man who wears the shoulder straps 

Is handsome, brave, and true, 
But there are other handsome boys. 

And other brave ones, too! 
When there are heights that must be won 

While bullets fill the air, 
'Tis not the offker alone 

Who braves the dangers there. 

The man who wears the shoulder straps 

Is cheered along the way, 
And public honor dulls his dread 

Of falling in the fray; 
But there behind him in the ranks, 

And moving like a part 
Of some machine, is many a man 

With just as brave a heart. 

The man who wears the shoulder straps 

Deserves the people's praise; 
I honor and applaud him for 

The noble part he plays; 
But, back there in the ranks somewhere, 

Stout-hearted, is he, — 
Prepared to do, and nerved to dare, — 

The soldier boy for me! 

— S. E. Kiser. 



224 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

THE MEN BEHIND THE GUNS. 

A cheer and salute for the admiral, and here's to the captain bold, 

And never forget the commodore's debt when the deeds of might are told! 

They stand to the deck thro' the battle's wreck, when the great shells roar and 

screech, — 
And never they fear when the foe is near to practise what they preach; 
But off with your hat, and three times three for Columbia's true-blue sons, — 
The men below, who batter the foe, — the men behind the guns! 

The steel decks rock with the lightning shock, and shake with the great recoil. 
And the sea grows red with the blood of the dead and reaches for its spoil, — 
But not till the foe has gone below, or turns his prow and runs, 
Shall the voice of peace bring sweet release to the men behind the guns! 

— John James Rooney. 



At Grant's tomb, when speaking of the perils, the services, and 
the heroism of the men who made up the Union armies, President Mc- 
Kinley put the matter none too strongly when he said: *' What is 
true patriotism? It is an absolute consecration to country. It is an 
abandonment of business; it is turning away from cherished plans, 
which have been fondly formed for a life's career; it is the surrendering 
of bright prospects and the giving up of ambition in a chosen work; 
it is the sundering of ties of blood and family and almost snapping of 
the heartstrings which bind us to those we love; it is the surrendering 
of ourselves absolutely to the demands of country; it may mean dis- 
ease; it may mean imprisonment, insanity or death; it may mean hunger, 
thirsty and starvation. In our Civil War it meant all these." 

The captains and the armies who brought to a close the Civil War 
have left us more than a reunited realm. The material effect of what 
they did is shown in the fact that the same flag flies from the Great 
Lakes to the Rio Grande, and all the people of the United States are 
richer because they are one people and not many, because they belong 
to one great nation, and not to a contemptible knot of struggling 
nationalities. But beside this, beside the material results of the Civil 
War, we are all, North and South, incalculably richer for its memories. 



THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 



225 



We are the richer for each grim campaign, for each hard-fought battle. 
We are the richer for valor displayed by those who fought so valiantly 
for the right, and by those who, no less valiantly, fought for what they 
deemed the right. We have in us nobler capacities for what is great 
and good, because of the infinite woe and suffering, and because of the 
splendid ultimate triumph. — Theodore Roosevelt, in '' American Ideals." 



THE NEW MEMORIAL DAY. 



^ 



Oh, the roses we plucked for the blue 
And the lilies we twined for the gray, 

We have bound in a wreath. 

And in silence beneath 

Slumber our heroes to-day. 



Over the new-turned sod 
The sons of our fathers stand. 

And the fierce old fight 

Slips out of sight 

In the clasp of a brother's hand. 



For the old blood left a stain 
That the new has washed away, 

And the sons of those 

That have faced as foes 
Are marching together to-day. 

Oh, the blood that our fathers gave! 

Oh, the tide of our mothers' tears! 
And the flow of red. 
And the tears they shed. 

Embittered a sea of years. 



But the roses we plucked for the blue. 
And the lilies we twined for the gray, 

We have bound in a wreath, 

And in glory beneath 

Slumber our heroes to-day. 

— Albert Bigelow Paine. 

15 



226 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

OUR STANDING ARMY. 

We have no standing army? 

Nay, look around, and see! 
The man who ploughs the furrow 

The man who fells the tree, 
The statesman and the scholar, 

At the first word of fear 
Turn to their country, breathing, 

" My mother, I am here! " 

Not of a dumb, blind people 

Is this, our army, made; 
Where schoolhouse and where steeple 

Have cast their friendly shade 
Our army grows in knowledge, 

As it to manhood grows, 
And, trained in school and college, 

Stands ready for its foes. 

The brawny arms of gunners 

Serve minds alert and keen; 
The sailor's thought has travelled 

To lands he has not seen. 
Not for the joy of killing. 

Not for the lust of strife. 
Have these come forth with gladness 

To offer up their life. 

Behold our standing army — 

Not, as in other lands, 
An army standing idle, 

With empty minds and hands. 
But each one in his station; 

And peaceful victory 
Is training for the nation 

Heroes of land and sea. 

— Margaret Vandegrift. 



IN MEMORIAM, 



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THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 



229 



If those who win battles and save civilization are dear to the 
hearts of men, how cherished will be the memory of the tenacious 
soldier whom nothing could shake off from success. 

Breaking up on the Rapidan in early May, Grant forced his fiery 
way through the Wilderness and was called a butcher. By one of the 
most masterly and daring of military movements, he forced the enemy 
within their capital and was called incapable. " He'll do no more," 
shouted the exultant friends of the rebellion. They did not know the 
man. Undismayed by delay, holding Richmond in both hands^ he 
ordered Thomas to annihilate Hood, and he did it; he ordered Terry 
to take Fort Fisher, and he took it; he ordered Sheridan to sweep the 
Shenandoah, and he swept it clean. The terror of Sherman's presence, 
one hundred miles aw^ay, emptied Charleston of troops. Across 
Georgia, across South Carolina into North Carolina, he moved, scourg- 
ing the land w^ith fire. Then the genius of the great commander, by 
the tireless valor of his soldiers, lighted all along the line, burs't over 
the enemy's works, crushed his ranks, forced his retreat, and over- 
whelmed Lee and his army. — George William Curtis. 

By the sacrifice of the Union soldiers, some questions were settled, 
never to be reopened, over which poHticians, and statesmen, and philos- 
ophers had wrangled a hundred years. No man will ever after this 
claim that in politics a part is greater than the whole, or a state greater 
than a nation, nor will any have the rashness to maintain that '' E 
Pluribus Unum " means many out of one. 

The graves of 300,000 patriots are our witness to-day, that hence- 
forth, from the pine forests of our cold northern border to the orange 
groves of the gulf, from the great Atlantic metropolis of the Empire 
State to the golden gates of the Pacific, the stars and stripes will brook 
no rival. On every headstone of the graves decorated to-day may be 
read, albeit in invisible characters, yet unfading as though written by 
the hand of fate, " Liberty, Union, Equality;" " One Flag and One 
Country." Such was their contribution to their country, to humanity, 
to posterity. Do we not justly enroll their names among earth's bene- 
factors, and garland their graves as those of heroes and martyrs? — 
Oscar D. Robinson. 



230 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

At the battle of Mission Ridge, General Thomas was watching a 
body of troops painfully pushing their way up a steep hill against a 
withering fire. Victory seemed impossible, and the General, even he, 
that rock of valor and patriotism, exclaimed, '' They can't do it! They 
will never reach the top." His chief of staff, watching the struggle with 
equal earnestness, said softly, ''Time, time, General; give them time;" 
and presently the moist eyes of the brave leader saw his soldiers victo- 
rious upon the summit. They were American soldiers — so are we. 
They were fighting an American battle — so are we. They were climb- 
ing a height — so are we. Give us time, and we, too, shall triumph. — 
George William Curtis. 

'' Did you hear that fearful scream? " asked a Union soldier of his 
comrade in the early days of the Civil War, as they pressed on in the 
deadly assault up the bloody slope. '' Yes; what is it? " " It is the Rebel 
yell. Does it frighten you? " " Frighten me! " said the young soldier, 
as he pressed more eagerly forward, '' Frighten me! " it is the music to 
which I march! " And they planted the starry flag of victory upon the 
enemy's rampart. 

When the enemy's yell is the music to which the soldier marches, 
he marches to victory. Patience then, and forward. — George William 
Curtis. 

IN THE TIME OF STRIFE. 

We may not know 

How red the lilies of the spring shall grow; 

What silver flood, 

Sea streaming, take the crimson tints of blood. , 

We may not know 

If victory shall make the bugles blow; 

If still shall wave 

The flag above our freedom or our grave. 

We only know 

One heart, one hand, one country, meet the foe; 

On land and sea 

Her liegemen in the battle of the free. 

— Frank L. Stanton. 



THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 231 

The shot which the embattled farmers fired at Lexington echoed 
" round the world/' and produced most of those revolutions in all lands 
by which power has fallen from the throne and been gained by the peo- 
ple. It was the echo of that shot which in 1861 aroused the national 
spirit to the protection of the national life, and while Lexington 
founded the Republic, the memory of Lexington preserved it. — 
Chauncey Mitchell Depew. 



\ 



HOW SLEEP THE BRAVE ! 

How sleep the brave, who sink to rest, 
By all their country's wishes blest! 
When Spring, with dewy fingers cold. 
Returns to deck their hallowed mould, 
She there shall dress a sweeter sod 
Than Fancy's feet have ever trod. 

By fairy hands their knell is rung; 
By forms unseen their dirge is sung; 
There Honor comes, a pilgrim gray. 
To bless the turf that wraps their clay; 
And Freedom shall awhile repair, 
To dwell a weeping hermit there. 

— William Collins. 



The great Civil War was remarkable for the inventive mechanical 
genius and the resolute daring shown by the combatants. This was 
especially true of the navy. The torpedo boat managed by W. B. 
Gushing against the Confederate ram, Albemarle, was an open launch, 
with a spar rigged out in front, the torpedo being placed at the end. 
The crew consisted of fifteen men. Cushing not only guided his craft, 
but himself handled the torpedo by means of two small ropes, one of 
which put it in place, while the other exploded it. Cushing possessed 
reckless courage, presence of mind, and high ability. On the night of 
October 27, 1864, he left the Federal fleet, steamed a dozen miles up 
river, where the great ram lay under the guns of the fort, with a regi- 
ment of guns to defend her. He was almost upon her before he was 
discovered. The rifle balls were singing about him, and he heard the 
noise of the great guns as they got ready. Still erect in his little craft. 



232 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

he brought the torpedo full against the side of the huge ram and ex- 
ploded it just as the pivot gun of the ram was fired at him not ten yards 
off. At once the ram settled, the launch sinking at the same time, 
while Gushing and his men swam for their lives. — Adapted from Theo- 
dore Roosevelt. 

/ Tears for the slave, when Nature's gift 
/ Of all that man can be 

Wastes, like the scattered spars that drift 
j Upon the unknown sea. 

; Tears when the craven sinks at last, 
; No deed of valor done; 

i But no tears for the soul that passed 
1 When Honor's fight was won. 

\ 

\ He takes the hand of heavenly fate 

\ Who lives and dies for truth. 

i For him the holy angels wait, 

I In realms of endless youth. 

[ The grass upon his grave is green 

i With everlasting bloom; 

i And love and glory make the sheen 

\ Of glory round his tomb. 

— William Winter. 

The American Republic was established by the united valor and 
wisdom of the lovers of liberty from all lands. The Frenchman, with 
his gay disregard of danger, the German with his steady courage, the 
Pole with his high enthusiasm, and the Irishman with all these quali- 
ties combined, were here in the long and bloody struggle for inde- 
pendence. Lafayette, the beloved of Washington; Hamilton, who rode 
by his side, and assisted to organize the government; Pulaski, Mont- 
gomery, Steuben, all were born under alien skies, and came to the ban- 
quet of battle and of death because of their love for human freedom. 
At every subsequent period of American history the foreign-born citi- 
zen, in council and in the field, has been faithful to the common cause 
of liberty. — Daniel W. Voorhees. 



THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 233 

EIGHT VOLUNTEERS. 

Eight volunteers! on an errand of death! 

Eight men! Who speaks? 
Eight men to go where the cannon's hot breath 

Burns black the cheeks. 
Eight men to man the old Merrimac's hulk; 
Eight men to sink the old steamer's black bulk, 
Blockade the channel where Spanish ships skulk — 

Eight men! Who speaks? 

"Eight volunteers!" said the Admiral's flags! 

Eight men! Vvho speaks? 
Who will sail under El Morro's black crags — 

Sure death he seeks? 
Who is there willing to offer his life? 
Willing to march to this music of strife — 
Cannon for drum and torpedo for fife? 

Eight men! Who speaks? 

Eight volunteers! on an errand of death! 

Eight men! Who speaks? 
Was there a man who in fear held his breath? 

With fear-paled cheeks? 
From ev'ry warship ascended a cheer! 
From ev'ry sailor's lips burst the word "Here!" 
Four thousand heroes their lives volunteer! 

Eight men! Who speaks? 

— Lansing C. Bailey. 

In the midst of other cares, however important, we must not lose 
sight of the fact that the war power is still our main reliance. Our 
chiefest care must still be directed to the army and navy, who have 
thus far borne their harder part so nobly and well. And it may be 
esteemed fortunate that, in giving the greatest efficiency to these indrs- 
p^nsable arms, we do also honorably recognize the ^^allant men, from 
commander to sentinel, who compose them, and to whom, more than 
to others, the world must stand indebted for the home of freedom, 
disenthralled, regenerated, enlarged, and perpetuated. — Abraham Lin- 
coln. 



234 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

TRUE FAME. 

The heart so leal and the hand of steel 

Are palsied aye for strife, 
But the noble deed, and the patriot's meed 

Are left of the soldier's life. 

The bugle call and the battle ball 

Again shall rouse him never; 
He fought and fell, he served us well; 
His furlough lasts forever, 
r\ — Samuel P. Merrill 

/' 

" We bring, O brothers of the North, the message of fellowship 
and love. This message comes from consecrated ground. All around 
my native home are the hills dow^n which the gray flag fluttered to 
defeat, and through which the American soldiers from both sides 
charged like demi-gods. I could not bring a false message from those 
old hills, witnesses to-day, in their peace and tranquility, of the imper- 
ishable union of the American States, and the indestructible brother- 
hood of the American people." — Henry W. Grady, in New York. 

At Gettysburg, the world witnessed a battle-field disfigured by no 
littleness and spoiled by no treachery. So long as the world lasts men 
will differ about the best strategy in war, and concerning the wisdom 
of commanders and the quality of their generalship. But no criticism, 
however clever, can at all belittle the supreme glory of this day and 
field. Here the world saw a great army confronted with a great crisis, 
and dealing with it in a great way. Here all lesser jealousies and rival- 
ries disappeared in the one supreme rivalry how each one should 15est 
serve his country, and, if need be, die for her. — Henry C. Potter. 

To be cold and breathless, to feel not and speak not; this is not 
the end of existence to the men who have breathed their spirits into 
the institutions of their country, who have stamped their characters 
on the pillars of the age, who have poured their heart's blood into 
\the channels of the public prosperity. Tell me, ye who tread the sods 
bf yon sacred height, is Warren dead? Can you not still see him, not 
pale and prostrate, the blood of his gallant heart pouring out of his 



THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 



235 



ghastly wound, but moving resplendent over the field of honor, v/ith 
the rose of heaven upon his cheek, and the fire of liberty in his eye? 
Tell me, ye who make your pious pilgrimage to the shades of Vernon, 
is Washington indeed shut up in that cold and narrow house? That 
which made these men, and men like these, cannot die. The hand that 
traced the charter of independence is, indeed, motionless; the eloquent 
lips that sustained it are hushed; but the lofty spirits that conceived, 
resolved^ and maintained it, and which alone, tO' such men '' make it 
life to live," these cannot expire: 

These shall resist the empire of decay, 
When time is o'er, and worlds have passed away; 
Ccld in the dust the perished heart may lie, 
But that which warmed it once can never die. 

— Edward Everett. 

Whiter, for the fires that strove to blacken and blast its fame 
purer, for the blood that watered its base; stronger, for the tramp of 
armed men around its assaulted portals, — we, now and here, rejoice 
in the rescued temple of our liberties. The credit and glory of the 
undesecrated walls of that temple and of its unmoved foundations are 
due to the work and hardships of the American soldier. It was their 
service which made us to-day fellow-citizens enjoying the same rights, 
the same chances, the same incalculable career, whether we hail from 
the East or from the West, from the North or from the South. Honor 
then to the American soldier now and ever! Honor him in sermon and 
speech! Honor him in sonnet, stanza, and epic! Honor him in the 
unwasting forms b}^ which art seeks to prolong his well-earned fame! 
Honor the volunteer soldier, who, when his work of devastation and 
death was ended, put aside his armor, melting into the sea of citizen- 
ship, making no ripple of disturbance upon its surface! Honor the 
citizen soldier of America, who never knew the feeling of vindictiveness 
or revenge ! — John L. Swift. 




To-day the nation looks back and thanks God that, in a great 
crisis, the children whom it had nurtured in peace and prosperity sud- 
denly showed the stuff of heroes; they were not afraid to dare and to 



236 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

die when the bugle rang clear across the quiet fields. Whenever and 
however duty called, they answered with their lives. Let the nation 
thank God that it still breeds the men who make life great by service 
and sacrifice; that time and work and pleasure and wealth have not 
sapped the sources of its inward strength; that it still knows how to 
dare all and do all in that hour when manhood alone counts and 
achieves. — The Outlook. 

On a beautiful May Day more than thirty years ago, there gath- 
ered beneath the overhanging boughs of a fruit-bearing tree, beside an 
open grave, the friends and kinsmen of one who, though a mere boy, 
had smelled the smoke of battle, felt the sting of rebel lead and won 
for himself the golden crown of martyrdom in the militaiy service of 
his country. There were also gathered there a few of his old compan- 
ions in arms — bronzed veterans — survivors of the dreadful carnage 
at Malvern Hill and the awful slaughter of Gettysburg, who had come 
to drop a tear at a comrade's grave and breathe a prayer for the safety 
of his soul. Just as the solemn rites of burial were over and the last 
shovelful of earth had been heaped upon his last resting-place, God's 
breath shook the overhanging boughs and sweet and beautiful apple 
blossoms came gently down and decorated that young hero's grave; 
and ever since, when the pleasant days and fragrant flowers of spring 
come, the loyal people of this country gladly follow the example Heaven 
so graciously set and see to it that no veteran's grave is neglected. — 
From a Memorial Day address of CoL Anson S. Wood, Commander 
Department of New York, Grand Army of the Republic. 

Look to your history, — that part of it which the world knows by 
heart, and you will find on its brightest page the glorious achieve- 
ments of the American sailor. Whatever his country has done to dis- 
grace him and break his spirit, he has never disgraced her. Man for 
man, he asks no odds and he cares for no odds when the cause of 
humanity or the glory of his country calls him to the fight. 

Who, in the darkest days of our Revolution, carried your flag into 
the very chops of the British Channel, bearded the lion in his den, and 
awoke the echo of old Albion's hills by the thunder of his cannon, and 



THE FLAG HALLOWS MEMORIAL DAY. 237 

the shouts of his triumph? It was the American sailor; and the names 
of John Paul Jones and the Bon Homme Richard will go down the 
annals of time forever. 



Who struck the first blow that humbled the Barbary flag, — which, 
for a hundred years, had been the terror of Christendom, — drove it 
from the Mediterranean, and put an end to the infamous tribute it had 
been accustomed to exact? It was the American sailor; and the names 
of Decatur and his gallant companions will be as lasting as monumental 
brass. 



In your War of 181 2, when your arms on shore were covered by 
disaster, when Winchester had been defeated, when the army of the 
Northwest had surrendered, and when the gloom of despondency hung 
like a cloud over the land, who first relit the fires of national glory, 
and made the welkin ring with the shouts of victory? It was the Ameri- 
can sailor; and the names of Hull and the ^' Constitution " will be re- 
membered as long as we have a country to love. 

That one event was worth more to the Republic than all the money 
which has ever been expended for a navy. Since that day the liavy has 
had no stain upon its national escutcheon, but has been cherished as 
your pride and glory; and the American sailor has established a reputa- 
tion throughout the world, in peace and in war, in storm and in battle, 
for a heroism and prowess unsurpassed. — Commodore Stockton, from 
speech against whipping in the navy. 



238 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

MANILA BAY. 

The first great fight of the war is fought! 

And who is the victor, — say, — 
Is there aught of the lesson now left untaught 

By the fight of Manila Bay? 

Two by two were the Spanish ships 

Formed in their battle line; 
Their flags at the taffrail peak and fore, 
And batteries ready upon the shore, 

Silently biding their time. 

Into their presence sailed our fleet, — 

The harbor was fully mined, — 
With shotted guns and open ports 
Up to their ships, — ay, — up to their forts; 

For Dewey is danger blind. 

Signalled the flagship, " Open fire," 
And the guns belched forth their death. 

"At closer range," was the order shown; 

Then each ship sprang to claim her own, 
And to lick her fiery breath. 

Served were our squadron's heavy guns 

With gunners stripped to the waist. 
And the blinding, swirling, sulph'rous smoke 
Enveloped the ships, as each gun spoke. 
In its furious, fearful haste. 

Sunk and destroyed were the Spanish ships. 

Hulled by our heavy shot. 
For the Yankee spirit is just the same. 
And the Yankee grit, and the Yankee aim. 

And their courage, which faileth not. 

— H. E. W.,Jn 



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FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 
THE FLAG CONSECRATES 

THE 

BIRTHDAY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. 

(February 22, 1732). 

Selections Song, Ode for Washington's Birthday. 

Selections Song, God Speed the Right. 

16 C241) 




THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON. 

HE twenty-second of February — the day on which George 
Washington was born (1732) is a national holiday. When 
it comes on any one of the five school-days of the week^ 
the children are freed from their books, and may stay 
at home or spend the time as they please. But in some 
schools the pupils are called together, their parents and friends 
invited in, and a patriotic exercise is given in which the character and 
career of Washington and the stormy yet glorious days of the Ameri- 
can Revolution are made the subject of song, composition, and the 
" speaking of pieces." This is better far than for children to be idle 
at home or roaming the streets, — and it is greatly to be wished that 
the custom of the few schools become the custom of all. But until that 
sensible plan is adopted, the next best thing seems to be to devote an 
hour or more of the previous day's session to the exercise. Now, it is 
clear to see that the pupils of any particular school will appreciate such 
an exercise just in proportion to their knowledge of the man and the 
times. If, then, the scholars are old enough and their historical study 
or reading has been wide enough, let the program be correspondingly 
strong; if not, let the teacher take pains to explain and inform, infusing 
as much of the historical as possible under the guise of the romantic — 
so making appeal to the imagination and that sense of admiration for 
adventure and bravery innate in the minds of children. A long pro- 
gram is herewith given, with the thought of choice among the selec- 
tions, if the time is very brief. 

(243) 



244 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



QUOTATIONS. 

Oh, Washington! thou hero, patriot, sage, 
\ Friend of all climes and pride of every age! 

— Thomas Paine. 

Washington is the mightiest name of earth. — Abraham Lincoln. 

One of the greatest captains of the age. — Benjamin Franklin. 

The voice of mankind shall ascend in acclaim, 

And the watchword of nations be Washington's name. 

— James G. Brooks. 

Washington is to my mind the purest figure in history. — William Ewart Glad- 
stone. 

Of all great men he was the most virtuous and most fortunate. — Guizot. 



Columbia's darling son, 
The good, the great, the matchless Washington. 

— William Leggett. 



Washington — the greatest man of our own or of any age. — Edward Everett. 



He was invested with a glory that shed a lustre on all around him. — Archbishop 
John Carroll. 

Washington hath left 
His awful memory 
A light for after times. 

— Robert Southcy. 

Washington — ■ the ideal type of civic virtue to succeeding generations. — JSmes 
Bryce. 

The greatest man of modern times. — Sir Henry Grattan. 

The mighty name of Washington 
Is the grand synonym of all we prize 
Of great and good in this wide western world. 

— Christopher P. Cranch. 

No nobler figure ever stood in the forefront of a nation's life. — John Richard 
Green. 



THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON. 245 
la this world the seal is now put on his greatness. — Alexander Hamilton. 

Freedom's first and favorite son — 
He whose patriotic valor universal homage won — 
He v/ho gave the world the Union — the immortal Washington! 

— Francis DeHass Janvier. 

He had every title at command, but his first victory was over himself. — Gouver- 
n£ur Morris. 

The want of the age is an European Washington. — Lamartine. 

The grandest, purest, best. 

Of heroes, earth has known, 
That man who for his country's sake. 
Spurned from him crown and throne. 

— C. G. Rosenburg. 

First in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen. — Henry Lee. 

I am not surprised at what George has done, for he was always a good boy. — ■ 
Mary Washington, his mother. 

For truth and wisdom^ foremost of the brave; 
Him glory's idle glances dazzled not; 
Twas his ambition, generous and great, 
A life to life's great end to consecrate. 

— Percy Bysshe Shelley. 

A pure and high-minded gentleman, of dauntless courage and stainless honor, 
simple and stately of manner, kind and generous of heart. — Henry Cabot Lodge. 

Here indeed is a character to admire and revere; a life without a stain, a fame 
without a flaw. — William Makepeace Thackeray. 

His work well done, the leader stepped aside, 
Spurning a crown with more than kingly pride, 
Content to wear the higher crown of worth, 
While time endures, " First Citizen of Earth." 

— Tames J. Roche. 

George Washington — the highest human personification of justice and benevo- 
lence. — William H. Seward. 



n 




246 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

He was great as he was good; he was great because he was good. — Edward 

Everett. 

' The good, the brave, 

Whose mighty dust in glory sleeps, 
Where broad Potomac swells and sweeps, 
And mourns and murmurs past his grave. 

— Abraham Coles. 

The universal consent of mankind accords to Washington the highest place 
among the great men of the race. — George F. Hoar. 

Among a world of dreamers he was the only one whose vision in the slightest 
degree approached the great realities of the future. — Edward Everett Hale. 

He lives, ever lives in the hearts of the free, 
I The wings of his fame spread across the broad sea; 

He lives where the banner of freedom 's unfurled. 
The pride of his country, the wealth of the world, 

— Alfred Tennyson. 



V 



His example is complete; and it will teach wisdom and virtue to magistrates, 
\ citizens and men, not only in the present age but in future generations. — John 
\ Adams. 

f 

I Washington — a fixed star in the firmament of great names, shining witboul; 

\ twinkling or obscuration, with clear, steady, beneficent light. — Daniel Webster. 

* * * though often told. 
The story of thy deeds can ne'er grow old, 
Till no young breast remains to be inspired, 
And virtue, valor, greatness have expired. 

— Hannah Gould. 



\ The fame of Washington stands apart from every other in history, shining 

\ 

\ with a truer lustre and more benignant glory. — Washington lrving= 



His memory will be cherished by the wise and good of every nation, and truth 
will transmit his character to posterity in all its genuine lustre. — John Jay. 

Shortest month of all, we greet thee; 

Bring us clouds or bring us sun. 
Surely all will bid thee welcome, 

Month that gave us Washington! 

— Emma C. Dowd. 



THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON. 247 

When the storm of battle blows darkest and rages highest, the memory of 
Washington shall nerve every American arm and cheer every American breast. — 
Rufus Choate. 

The anniversary of his birthday does not come round too often for us to 
devote some hour of it, whenever it returns, to meditation upon him and to grati- 
tude for his spirit and his work. — Thomas Starr King. 

Virginia gave us this imperial man. 

Cast in the massive mold 

Of those high-statured ages old 
Which into grander forms our metal ran; 
She gave us this unblemished gentleman. 

— James Russell Lowell. 

The more clearly Washington's teaching and example are understood, the 
more faithfully they are followed, the purer, the stronger, the more glorious will 
this Republic become. — Carl Schurs. 

Sincerely honoring him, we cannot becomiC indifferent to those great principles 
of hum.an freedom, consecrated by his life, and by the solemn act of his last will 
and testam.ent. — Charles Sumner. 

For tho' the years their golden round 
O'er all the lavish region roll, 
And realm on realm, from pole to pole, 

In one beneath thy Stars be bound, 

The far-oflf centuries as they flow. 

No whiter name than this shall know! 

— Fran-cis T. Palgrave. 

The filial love of Washington for his mother is an attribute of x\merican man- 
hood, a badge which invites our trust and confidence and an indispensable element 
of Am.erican greatness. — Grover Cleveland (adapted). 

The majesty of that life — whether told in the pages of Marshall or Sparks, of 
Irving or Bancroft, or through the eloquent utterances of Webster, or Everett, or 
Winthrop, or the matchless poetry of Lowell, or the verse of Byron — never grows 
old. — Melville Fuller, Xhief Justice United States Supreme Court. 



/ 



._--i 



248 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

SELECTIONS. 

GEORGE WASHINGTON. 

Washington was the only man in the United States who pos- 
sessed the confidence of all. There was no other man who was con- 
sidered as anything more than a party leader. The whole of his 
character was in its mass perfect, in nothing bad, in a few points indif- 
ferent. And it may be truly said that never did nature and fortune 
combine more perfectly to make a man great, and to place him in the 
same constellation with whatever worthies have merited from man an 
everlasting remembrance. — Thomas Jefferson. 

If we look over the catalogue of the first magistrates of nations, 
whether they have been denominated Presidents, or Consuls, Kings or 
Princes, where shall we find one whose commanding talents and vir- 
tues, whose overruling good fortune, have so completely united all 
hearts and voices in his favor? who enjoyed the esteem and admiration 
of foreign nations, and fellow-citizens, with equal unanimity? Quali- 
ties so uncommon are no common blessing to the country that pos- 
sesses them. By these great qualities, and their benign effects, has 
Providence marked out the head of this nation, with a hand so dis- 
tinctly visible as to have been seen by all men, and mistaken by none. — 
John Adams. 

In the war of the Revolution, when it was thought the cause was 
lost, men became inspired at the very mention of the name of George 
Washington. In 181 2, when we succeeded once more against the 
mother country, men were looking for a hero, and there arose before 
them that rugged, grim, independent old hero, Andrew Jackson. In 
the last, and greatest of all wars, an independent and tender-hearted 
man was raised up by Providence to guide the helm of state through 
that great crisis, and men confidingly placed the destinies of this 
great land in the hands of Abraham Lincoln. In the annals of our 
country, we find no man whose training had been so peaceful, whose 
heart was so gentle, whose nature was so tender, and yet who was 



THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON. 



249 



called upon to marshal the hosts of the masses of the people during 
four years of remorseless and bloody and unrelenting fratricidal war. — 
Horace Porter. 

Nor must it be supposed that Washington owed his greatness 
to the peculiar crisis which called out his virtues. His more than 
Roman virtues, his consummate prudence, his powerful intellect, and 
his dauntless decision and dignity of character, vvould have made him 
illustrious in any age. The crisis would have done nothing for him, 
had not his character stood ready to match it. Acquire his character, 
and fear not the recurrence of a crisis to show forth its glory. — William 
Wirt. 

The name of Washington is intimately blended with whatever 
belongs most essentially to the prosperity, the liberty, the free insti- 
tutions, and the renown of our country. That name was of power to 
rally a nation, in the hour of thick-thronging pubUc disasters and 
calamities; that name shone, amid the storm of war, a beacon light 
to cheer and guide the country's friends; it flamed, too, like a meteor 
to repel her foes. That name, in the days of peace, was a loadstone, 
attracting to itself a whole people's confidence, a whole people's love, 
and the w^hole world's respect; that name, descending with all time, 
spreading over the whole earth, and uttered in all the languages belong- 
ing to the tribes and races of men, will forever be pronounced with 
affectionate gratitude by every one, in whose breast there shall arise 
an aspiration for human rights and human liberty. — Daniel Webster. 

It is the peculiar good fortune of this country to have given 
birth to a citizen whose name everywhere produces a sentiment of 
regard for his country itself. In other countries, whenever and 
wherever this is spoken of to be praised, and with the highest praise, 
it is called the country of Washington. Half a century and more has 
now passed av\^ay since he came upon the stage and his fame first 
broke upon the world; for it broke like the blaze of day from the rising 
sun, almost as sudden and seemingly as universal. The eventful period 
since that era has teemed with great men, who have crossed the scene 
and passed off. Som.e of them have arrested great attention. Still 



250 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Washington retains his pre-eminent place in the minds of men, still 
his peerless name is cherished by them in the same freshness of delight 
as in the morn of its glory. — Asher Robbins. 

Washington served us chiefly by his sublime moral qualities. To 
him belonged the proud distinction of being the leader in a revolution, 
without awakening one doubt or solicitude as to the spotless purity 
of his purpose. His was the glory of being the brightest manifestation 
of the spirit which reigned in this country, and in this way he became 
a source of energy, a bond of union, the center of an enlightened 
people's confidence. 

By an instinct which is unerring, we call Washington, with 
grateful reverence, The Father of His Country, but not its 
saviour. A people which wants a saviour, which does not possess 
an earnest and pledge of freedom in its own heart, is not yet ready to 
be free, — William E. Channing. 

Jeflferson said of Washington: '' His integrity was the most pure, 
his justice the most inflexible I have ever known, no motives of inter- 
est, or consanguinity, or hatred being able to bias his decision. He 
was^ in every sense of the words, a wise, a good, and a great man." 

As the ocean washes every shore, and, with all-embracing arms, 
clasps every land, while on its heaving bosom it bears the products 
of various climes, so peace surrounds, protects and upholds all other 
blessings. Without it, commerce is vain, the ardor of industry is 
restrained, justice is arrested, happiness is blasted, virtue sickens and 
dies. And peace has its own peculiar victories, in comparison with 
which Marathon and Bannockburn and Bunker Hill, fields sacred in 
the history of human freedom, shall lose their lustre. Our own Wash- 
ington rises to a truly heavenly stature, not when we follow him over 
the ice of the Delaware to the capture of Trenton, not when we behold 
him victorious over Cornwallis at Yorktown, but when we regard him, 
in noble deference to justice, refusing the kingly crown which a faith- 
less soldiery proffered, and, at a later day, upholding the peaceful neu- 
trality of the country while he received unmoved the clamor of the 
people wickedly crying for war. — Charles Sumner. 



THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON. 



51 



I see in Washington a great soldier who fought a trying war to 
a successful end, impossible without him; a great statesman^ who did 
more than all other men to lay the foundations of a republic which has 
endured in prosperity for more than a century. I find in him a marvel- 
lous judgment which was never at fault, a penetrating vision which 
beheld the future of America when it was dim to other eyes, a great 
intellectual force, a will of iron, an unyielding grasp of facts, and an 
unequalled strength of patriotic purpose. I see in him, too, a pure 
and high-minded gentleman of dauntless courage and stainless honor, 
simple and stately of manner, kind and generous of heart. Such he 
was in truth. The historian and the biographer may fail to do him 
justice, but the instinct of mankind will not fail. The real hero needs 
not books to give him worshipers. George Washington will always 
receive the love and reverence of men, because they see embodied in 
him the noblest possibilities of humanity. — Henry Cabot Lodge. 

To us, citizens of America, it belongs, above all others, to show 
respect to the memory of Washington, by the practical deference which 
we pay to those sober maxims of public policy which he has left us, — 
a last testament of affection in his Farewell Address. Of all the exhor- 
tations which it contains, I scarce need say to you that none are so 
emphatically uttered, none so anxiously repeated, as those that enjoin 
the preservation of the union of these states. No one can read the 
Farewell Address without feeling that this was the thought, and this 
the care which lay nearest and heaviest upon that noble heart; and if, 
which Heaven forbid, the day shall ever arrive when his parting coun- 
sels on that head shall be forgotten, on that day, come it soon or 
come it late, it may as mournfully as truly be said that " Washington 
has lived in vain." Then the vessels, as they ascend and descend the 
Potomac, may toll their bells with new significance as they pass 
Mount Vernon; they will strike the requiem of constitutional liberty 
for us, — for all nations. — Edward Everett, Oration on Washington. 

A great and venerated character like that of Washington, which 
commands the respect of an entire population, however divided on 
other questions, is not an isolated fact in history to be regarded with 
barren admiration; it is a dispensation of Providence for good. 



252 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

It was well said by Mr. Jefferson, in 1792, writing to Washington 
to dissuade him from declining a renomination: " North and South 
will hang together while they have you to hang to." 

Washington in the flesh is taken from us; we shall never behold 
him as our Fathers did ; but his memory remains, and I say, let us hang 
to his memory. Let us make a national festival and holiday of his 
birthday; and ever, as the 22d of February returns, let us remember 
that, while with these solemn and joyous rites of observance we cele- 
brate the great anniversary, our fellow-citizens on the Hudson, on the 
Potomac, from the Southern plains to the Western lakes, are engaged 
in the same offices of gratitude and love. — Edward Everett, Oration on 
Washington. 

We are met to celebrate the one hundred and tenth anniversary 
of the birthday of Washington. 

Washington is the mightiest name on earth, long since mightiest 
in the cause of civil liberty, still mightiest in moral reformation. 

On that name a eulogy is expected. It cannot be. To add bright- 
ness to the sun or glory to the name of Washington is alike impos- 
sible. Let none attempt it. 

In solemn awe pronounce the name, and, in its naked, deathless 
splendor, leave it shining on. — Abraham Lincoln. 

If Washington had one passion more strong than any other, it 
was love of country. The purity and ardor of his patriotism were 
commensurate with the greatness of its object. Love of country in 
him was invested with the sacred obligations of a duly, and from the 
faithful discharge of this duty he never swerved for a moment, either 
in thought or deed, throughout the whole period of his eventful career. 
— Jared Sparks. 

It has been said Washington was not a great soldier; but certainly 
he created an army out of the roughest materials, outgeneralled all 
that Britain could send against him, and, in the midst of poverty and 
distress, organized victory. He was not briUiant and rapid. He was 
slow, defensive, and victorious. He made '' an empty bag stand 



THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON. 253 

Upright," which, FrankHn says, is '* hard." Some men command the 
world, or hold its admiration, by their ideas or by their intellect. Wash- 
ington had neither original ideas nor a deeply-cultured mind. He com- 
manded by his integrity, by his justice. He loved power by instinct, 
and strong government by reflective choice. Twice he was made 
Dictator, with absolute power, and never abused the awful and despotic 
trust. The monarchic soldiers and civilians would make him king. 
He trampled on their offer, and went back to his fields of corn and 
tobacco at Mount Vernon. The grandest act of his public life was 
to give up his power; the most magnanimous deed of his private life 
was to liberate his slaves. Cromwell is the greatest Anglo-Saxon who 
was ever a ruler on a large scale. In intellect he was immensely 
superior to Washington; in integrity, immeasurably below him. For 
one thousand years no king in Christendom has shown such greatness, 
or gives us so high a type of m.anly virtue. He never dissembled. He 
sought nothing for himself. In him there was no unsound spot, 
nothing little or mean in his character. The whole was clean and 
presentable. We think better of mankind because he lived, adorning 
the earth with a life so noble. — Theodore Parker. 

In the production of Washington it does really appear as if Nature 
was endeavoring to improve upon herself, and that all the virtues of 
the ancient world were but so many studies preparatory to the patriot 
of the new. Individual instances, no doubt, there were: splendid 
exemplifications of some single qualification. Caesar was merciful, 
Scipio was continent, Hannibal was patient; but it was reserved for 
Washington to blend them all in one, and, like the lovely masterpiece 
of the Grecian artist, to exhibit in one glow of associated beauty the 
pride of every model and the perfection of every master. As a gen- 
eral, he marshalled the peasant into a veteran and suppHed by disci- 
pline the absence of experience. As a statesman he enlarged the 
poHcy of the cabinet into the most comprehensive system of general 
advantage; and such was the wisdom of his views and the philosophy 
of his counsels that to the soldier and the statesman he almost added 
the character of the sage. A conqueror, he was untainted with the 
crime of blood; a revolutionist, he was free from any stain of treason. 



254 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

for aggression commenced the contest, and a country called him to the 
command; liberty unsheathed his sword, necessity stained, victory 
returned it. If he had paused here history might doubt what station 
to assign him, whether at the head of her citizens or her soldiers, her 
heroes or her patriots. But the last glorious act crowned his career 
and banishes hesitation. Who, like Washington, after having freed 
a country, resigned her crown and retired to a cottage rather than 
reign in a capitol! Immortal man! He took from the battle its crime, 
and from the conquest its chains; he left the victorious the glory of 
his self-denial, and turned upon the vanquished only the retribution 
of his mercy. Happy, proud America! The lightnings of heaven 
yielded to your philosophy! The temptations of earth could not seduce 
your patriotism. — Charles Phillips. 



ODE FOR WASHINGTON'S BIRTHDAY. 



Oliver Wendell Holmes. 



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THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON. 257 

SELECTIONS. 

Just honor to Washington can only be rendered by observing his 
precepts and imitating his example. He has built his own monu- 
ment. We, anS those who come after us, in successive generations, 
are its appointed, its privileged guardians. The widespread republic 
is the future monument to Washington. Maintain its independence. 
Uphold its constitution. Preserve its union. Defend its liberty. 
Let it stand before the world in all its original strength and beauty, 
securing peace, order, equality, and freedom to all within its bound- 
aries; and shedding light, and hope, and joy upon the pathway of 
human liberty throughout the world; and Washington needs no other 
monument. Other structures may fully testify our veneration for him: 
this, this alone, can adequately illustrate his services to mankind. 
Nor does he need even this. The republic may perish, the wide arch 
of our ranged Union may fall, star by star its glories may expire, stone 
by stone its columns and its capitol may moulder and crumble, all 
other names which adorn its annals may be forgotten, but as long as 
human hearts shall anywhere pant, or human tongues anywhere plead, 
for a true, rational, constitutional liberty, those hearts shall enshrine 
the memory, and those tongues prolong the fame, of George Wash- 
ington. — Robert C. Winthrop, 

American youth know that Washington captured Comwallis, 
made a brilliant retreat after the battle of Long Island and worried and 
fretted the British armies into exhaustion during a seven years' war. 
They also know that he was President twice and declined to become 
President a third time. There are not many who know that the only 
time tears were seen in his eyes was at the close of the war, when his 
army, encamped upon the banks of the Hudson, was about to be dis- 
banded. There were men in his army who were fearful that the ambi- 
tions and jealousies of some of those who had been of influence during 
the Revolution would attempt to gain great personal power. There 
were others who believed that there would be established in America 
a constitutional monarchy, modeled after that of Great Britain. The 
nation, as we now know it, was a government yet to be created. 
17 



258 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



So a company of officers — men having influence — having talked 
this matter over, agreed to go to Washington, ask him to accept the 
crown of empire and to promise him the support of the army in thus 
estabUshing a personal throne. When they approached Washington, 
he thought that as friends they had come to him for counsel. He 
was in a happy frame of mind that morning. The war had ended 
victoriously, and he had already been in consultation with Hamilton 
respecting the form of civil government which the now free colonies 
should undertake. 

They offered him the crown in but a single sentence. A few 
years before, across the river, Washington, being seated at breakfast, 
had been approached by an officer, who told him that Benedict Arnold 
had fled after an attempt to betray West Point into the hands of the 
British. The news was appalling, for he had admired Arnold's splendid 
courage and loved the man. Yet so great was his self-command, so 
superb his capacity for controlling emotion, sO' thoroughly had he 
schooled himself to face adversity with calmness, that those about 
him only saw a look of sad sternness come to his countenance as he 
uttered the now historic words, " Whom can we trust? " 

But v/hen these officers proposed to him the empire, and tried 
to put the sceptre in his hand, Washington broke down. There was 
sorrow and there Vv^as anger in his countenance and in his manner. 
Tears came to his eyes, and, when he dismissed them with a sad gesture 
and only a brief word, these men realized that Washington had been 
shocked and grieved that it could have entered their hearts that he 
could for one moment have regarded an empire as possible, or could 
have fought through those seven years that he might himself attain the 
throne. In his action Washington not only revealed his moral great- 
ness, but made it impossible that a monarchy could ever be established 
in the United States. 

Fame was too earnest in her joy, 

Too proud of such a son 
To let a robe and title 

Mask our noble Washington. 

The fame of Washington stands apart from every other in his- 
tory, shining with a truer lustre and a more benignant glory. With 



THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON. 259 

US his memory remains a national property, where all sympathies meet 
in unison. Under all dissensions and amid all storms of party, his pre- 
cepts and examples speak to us from the grave with a paternal appeal; 
and his name — by all revered — forms a universal tie of brother- 
hood, — a watchword of our Union. — John Fiske. 

No nobler figure ever stood in the forefront of a nation's life. 
Washington was grave and courteous in address; his manners were 
simple and unpretending; his silence and the serene calmness of his 
temper spoke of perfect self-mastery; but there was little in his out- 
ward bearing to reveal the grandeur of soul which lifts his figure, with 
ail the simple majesty of an ancient statue, out of the smaller passions, 
the meaner impulses of the world around him. It was only as the 
weary fight went on that the colonists learned, little by little, the 
greatness of their leader, his clear judgment, his heroic endurance, 
his silence under difficulties, his calmness in the hour of danger or 
defeat, the patience with which he waited, the quickness and hardness 
with which he struck, the lofty and serene sense of duty that never 
swerved from its task through resentment or jealousy, that never, 
through war or peace, felt the touch of a meaner ambition, that knev/ 
no aim save that of guarding the freedom of his fellow-countrymen, 
and no personal longing save that of returning to his own fireside when 
their freedom was secured. — Green's '' Short History of the English 
People." 

Washington, from first to last, inspired every one with the idea 
that he could be trusted. No one ever suspected him for a moment, 
as Caesar, as Frederick, as Napoleon were with reason suspected, — 
with a design to use the power committed to him for the furtherance 
of his own ambition. Here was a man who thought only of his duty, 
who resigned power with far more alacrity than he assumed it, and 
who paid the bond of patriotism in full. — Henry M. Towle. 

Of all the great men in history, Washington was the most invari- 
ably judicious. Those who knew him well noticed that he had keen 
sensibilities and strong passions; but his power of self-command never 
failed him, and no act of his public hfe can be traced to personal caprice, 



26o MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

ambition, or resentment. In the despondency of long-continued fail- 
ure, in the elation of sudden success, at times when his soldiers were 
deserting by hundreds, and when malignant plots were formed against 
his reputation, amid the constant quarrels, rivalries, and jealousies of 
his subordinates, in the dark hour of national ingratitude, and in the 
midst of the most universal and intoxicating flattery, he was always 
the same calm, wise, just, and single-minded man, pursuing the course 
which he believed to be right, without fear, or favor, or fanaticism; 
equally free from the passions that spring from interest and from the 
passions that spring from imagination. Washington never acted on 
the impulse of an absorbing or uncalculating enthusiasm, and he valued 
very highly fortune, position, and reputation, but at the comm.and of 
duty he was ready to risk and sacrifice them all. He was, in the 
highest sense of the words, a gentleman and a man of honor, and he 
carried into public life the severest standard of private morals. — 
William E. H. Lecky, from " The History of England in the Eighteenth 
Century." 

Arise! 'tis the day of our Washington's glory; 

The garlands uplift for our liberties won. 
O! sing in your gladness his echoing story, 

Whose sword swept for freedom the fields of the sun. 

Not with gold, nor with gems, but with evergreens vernal, 
And the banner of stars that the continent span, 

Crown, crown we the chief of the heroes eternal. 
Who lifted his sword for the birthright of man. 

— Hezekiah Butterworth. 

When the storm of battle blows darkest and rages highest, the 
memory of Washington shall nerve every American arm, and cheer 
every American heart. — Rufus C ho ate. 

It was not character that fought the Trenton campaign and car- 
ried the revolution to victory. It was military genius. It was not 
character that read the future of America and created our foreign 
policy. It was statesmanship of the highest order. Without the great 
moral qualities that Washington possessed his career would not have 



THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF WASHINGTON. 261 

been possible; but it would have been quite as impossible if the intellect 
had not equalled the character. 

There is no need to argue the truism that Washington was a 
great man, for that is universally admitted. But it is very needful 
that his genius should be rightly understood, and the right under- 
standing of it is by no means universal. 

His character has been exalted at the expense of his intellect, and 
his goodness has been so much insisted upon both by admirers and 
critics that we are in danger of forgetting that he had a great mind 
as well as high moral worth. — Henry Cabot Lodge, 

With the sure sagacity of a leader of men, Washington at once 
selected, for the highest and most responsible stations, the three chief 
Americans who represented the three forces in the nation which alone 
could command success in the institution of the government. Hamil- 
ton was the head, Jefferson was the heart, and John Jay was the con- 
science. Washington's just and serene ascendancy was the lambent 
flame in which these beneficent powers were fused, and nothing less 
than that ascendancy could have ridden the whirlwind and directed the 
storm that burst around him. — George William Curtis. 

Washington's appointments, when President, were made with a 
view to destroy party and not to create it, his object being to gather 
all the talent of the country in support of the national government; 
and he bore many things which were personally disagreeable in an 
endeavor to do this. — Paul Leicester Ford, 

Men are beginning to feel that Washington stands out, not only 
as the leading American, but as the leading man of the race. Of men 
not named in Sacred Scripture, more human beings this day know 
and honor the name of George Washington than that of any other 
of the sons of men. — Charles F. Deems, 

An Englishman by race and lineage, Washington incarnated in his 
own person and character every best trait and attribute that have 
mxade the Anglo-Saxon name a glory to its children and a terror to 
its enemies throughout the world. But he was not so much an 



262 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Englishman that, when the time came for him to be so, he was not 
even more an American; and in all that he was and did, a patriot so 
exalted, and a leader so wise and great, that what men called him when 
he came to be inaugurated as the first President of the United States 
the civilized world has not since then ceased to call him — the Father 
of his Country. — Right Rev. Henry C. Potter. 

There is Franklin, with his fir&t proposal of Continental union. 
There is James Otis, with his great argument against Writs of Assist- 
ance, and Samuel Adams, with his inexorable demand for the removal 
of the British regiments from Boston. There is Quincy, and there 
is Warren, the protomartyr of Bunker Hill. There is Jefferson, 
with the Declaration of Independence fresh from his pen, and John 
Adams close at his side. There are Hamilton and Madison and Jay 
bringing forward the Constitution; but, towering above them all is 
Washington, the consummate commander, the incomparable Presi- 
dent, the world-renowned patriot. — Robert C. Winthrop. 

CARMEN BELLICOSUM. 

In their ragged regimentals 
Stood the old Continentals, 

Yielding not, 
When the grenadiers were lunging, 
And like hail fell the plunging 

Cannon-shot; 

When the files 

Of the isles, 
From the smoky night encampment, bore the banner of the rampant 

Unicorn, 
And grummer, grummer, grummer rolled the roll of the drummer. 

Through the morn! 

Then with eyes to the front all, 
And with guns horizontal. 

Stood our sires; 
And the balls whistled deadly, 
And in streams flashing redly 

Blazed the fires; 

As the roar 

On the shore. 



THE FLAG CONSECRATES THE BIRTHDAY OF V/ASHINGTON. 263 

Swept the strong battle-breakers o'er the green-sodded acres 

Of the plain; 
And louder, louder, louder cracked the black gunpowder, 

Cracked amain! 

Now like smiths at their forges 
Worked the red St. George's 

Cannoniers; 
And the " villainous saltpetre " 
Rung a fierce, discordant metre 

Round their ears; 

As the swift 

Storm-drift, 
With hot sweeping anger, came the Horse Guard's clangor 

On our flanks. 
Then higher, higher, higher burned the old-fashioned fire 

Through the ranks! 

Then the old-fashioned colonel 
Galloped through the white infernal 

Powder-cloud; 
And his broadsword was swinging. 
And his brazen throat was ringing 

Trumpet loud. 

Then the blue 

Bullets flew, 
And the trooper jackets redden at the touch of the leaden 

Rifle-breath; 
And rounder, rounder, rounder, roared the iron six-pounder. 

Hurling death! 

— Guy Humphrey McMaster. 
(This stirring poem was written when the author was only nineteen years old.) 



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SIXTEENTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 



! 

J 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 
THE FLAG BLESSES 

THE 

BIRTHDAY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 
(Feb. 12, 1809.) 

Quotations In Prose and Poetry. 

Selections Song, The Man for Me. 

Selections Song, Laus Deo. 

(267) 




THE BIRTHDAY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 

T is indeed necessary that children, in so far as they are 
capable, should know the theory of our government, and 
the great events that, hke milestones, have marked its 
course. But, after all, theories and abstract facts never 
can take such hold upon the minds of children — upon 
memory and imagination — nor stir them to such a sense of their 
country's worth — as can the history, the life, of a great man. It 
will be difficult to make the little folks understand the causes, direct 
or indirect, which led to the Civil War of '6i. Indeed, who of us who 
are older and trained to teach are competent to tell all the influences 
that ended in that terrible struggle? But what child can fail to know 
and feel the real greatness of the personality and life of Abraham 
Lincoln? He was what we may call a boy's man — having that sense 
of humor, that spirit of fun which appeals so irresistibly to boys, — 
yes, even to " boys of larger growth/' Let much be made, therefore, 
in any celebration of Lincoln's birthday, of those incidents, so strange, 
so fascinating, which marked his early boyhood in his cabin home — 
of the trials which beset his youth-time, his wonderful skill in political 
debate — his perilous journey to the city of Washington, there to be 
inaugurated President of the United States — his care for the soldiers 
in the field and the poor black men in slavery in the South, — and, at 
length, his martyr death. (Just here might come in a study of '' The 
Negro " in our history.) Fear not to blend with all, the stories w^hich 
made him as well known as his statesmanship — indeed, which were, 
many of them, illustrations of the very spirit and philosophy of 
statesmanship. 

(269) 



r 



2^0 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



QUOTATIONS. 

A man born for his time. — Morrison R. Waite. 
/ Abraham Lincoln was the genius of common sense. — Charles Dudley Warner. 
\ His constant thought was his country and how to serve it. — Charles Sumner. 

A name that shall live through all coming time. 
Unbounded by country, by language, or clime. 

— C. P. Corliss. 

Washington was the father, and Lincoln the savior of his country. — Henry L. 
Dawes. 

The typical American, pure and simple. — Asa Gray. 

The plain, honest, prudent man, — safe in council, wise in action, pure in 
purpose. — John C. New. 

Patriot, who made the pageantries of kings 
Like shadows seem, and unsubstantial things. 

— R. W. Dale. 

Lincoln was the purest, the most generous, the most magnanimous of men. — 
Gen. W. T. Sherman. 

His career closed at a moment when its dramatic unity was complete. — Governor 
Andrew, of Massachusetts. 

Abraham Lincoln was worthy to be trusted and to be loved by all his country- 
men. — Gen. Howard. 

He lives in endless fame, 
All honor to his patriot name. 

— H. C. Ballard. 

He stands before us and will so stand in history as the Moses of this Israel of 
ours. — Charles Lowe. 

i A man of great ability, pure patriotism, unselfish nature, full of forgiveness 

\ for his enemies. — Ulysses Simpson Grant. 



THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 271 

Kind, unpretending, patient, laborious, brave, wise, great and good, such was 
Abraham Lincoln. — Theodore Frelinghuysen. 

Long centuries hence thy name shall shine as one 
No blame can cloud — our second Washington. 

— Henry Peterson. 

Freedom's great high-priest, who set apart his life, while others sought but 
gold or bread. — T. C. Pease. 



His career teaches young men that every position of eminence is open before 
the diligent and worthy. — Bishop Matthew Simpson. 

i 

The purity of his patriotism inspired him with the wisdom of a statesm.an and 
the courage of a m.artyr. — Stanley Matthews. 

>i< He >i< gQ ^j.yg ^j^^ tender. 
The patriot's »tay, the people's trust, 
The shield of the ofrender. 

— Oliver Wendell Hohnei 



1 



Such a life and character will be treasured forever as the sacred possession o 
the American people and of mankind. — lames A. Garfield. 



A great man, tender of heart, strong of nerve, of boundless patience and 
broadest sympathy, with no motive apart from his country. — Frederick Douglass. 

The purest of men, the wisest of statesmen, the most sincere and devoted 
patriot, the loveliest character of American statesmen. — Hon. Charles Foster. 

His country saved, his work achieved. 

He boasted not of what he'd done, 
But rather in his goodness, grieved 

For all sad hearts beneaih the sun, 

— G. Martin. 

Under the providence of God, he was, next to Washington, the greatest instru- 
ment for the preservation ot the Union and the integrity of our country. — Peter 
Cooper. 

Of all the men I ever met he seem.ed to possess more of the elements of great- 
ness combined with goodness than any other. — Gen. W. T. Sherman. 



,) 



2J2 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Lincoln, the honest man, who, without perstDnal ambition, always supported by 
a strong perception of his duties, deserved to be called emphatically a great citizen. — 
Louis Phillipe, Due D' Orleans. 

All the kindly grace, 
The tender love, the loyalty to truth. 
That flow and mingle in the gentlest blood. 
Were met together in his blam.eless life. 

— Mary A. Ripley. 

The past century has not, the century to come will not have, a figure so grand 
as that of Abraham Lincoln. — Emilio Casielar (Spain). 

The life of Abraham Lincoln is written in imperishable characters in the history 
of the great American Republic. — John Bright (England). 

By his fidelity to the True, the Right, the Good, he gained not only favor and 
applause, but what is better than all, love. — W. D. Howells. 

The form is vanished and the footsteps still, 

But from the silence Lincoln's answers thrill; 

"Peace, charity and love!" in all the world's best needs 

The master stands transfigured in his deeds. 

— Kate M. B. Sherwood. 

He was a true believer in the divinity of the rights of man as man, the civil as 
well as the religious hope of the race. — Sidney Dyer. 

In Lincoln there was always some quality that fastened him to the people and 
taught them to keep time to the music of his heart. — David Swing. 

" You will find the whole of my early life," said Lincoln to a friend, " in a single 
line of Gray's Elegy " 

" The short and simple annals of the poor."' 

— Anon. 

Heroic soul, in homely garb half hid. 

Sincere, sagacious, melancholy, quaint; 
What he endured, no less than what he did. 

Has reared his monument and crowned him saint. 

— /. T. Trowbridge. 

r 

He was one whom responsibility educated, and he showed himself more and 
more nearly equal to duty as year after year laid on him ever fresh burdens. God- 
given and God-led and sustained we must ever believe him. — Wendell Phillips. 



THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 273 

He was warm-hearted; he was generous; he was magnanimous; he was most / 

truly, as he afterward said on a memorable occasion, " with malice toward none, f 

with charity for all." — Alexander H. Stephens. J 

It is the great boon of such characters as Mr. Lincoln's that they reunite what 
God has joined together and man has put asunder. In him was vindicated the 
greatness of real goodness and the goodness of real greatness. — Bishop Phillips 
Brooks. 

We rest in peace, where his sad eyes 

Saw peril, strife and pain; | 

His was the awful sacrifice, j 

And ours the priceless gain. / 

— John G. Whittier. { 



SELECTIONS. 

Let me endeavor to give those in this audience who never saw 
Mr. Lincoln some idea of his personal appearance. He was a very tall 
man — 6 feet 4 inches. His complexion was dark, his eyes and hair 
black; and though he was of lean, spare habit, I should suppose he 
must have weighed about 180 pounds. He was a man of fine fibre^ 
and thus a brain of superior power was contained in a small, but rather 
elongated, skull. * >k * jjig movements were rather angular, but 
never awkward; and he was never burdened with that frequent curse 
of unfortunate genius, the dreadful oppression of petty self-conscious- 
ness. It was a most remarkable character, that of Abraham Lincoln. 
He had the most comprehensive, the most judicial mind; he was the 
least faulty in his conclusions of any man that I have ever known. — 
Charles A. Dana, Lecture on " Lincoln and His Cabinet," at New 
Haven, March 10, 1896. 

Mr. Lincoln was not what you would call an educated man. The 
college that he had attended was that which a man attends who gets 
up at daylight to hoe the corn, and sits up at night to read the best 
book he can find, by the side of a burning pine knot. What education 
he had, he picked up in that way. He had read a great many books; 
and all the books that he had read, he knew. He had a tenacious mem- 
18 



274 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

ory, just as he had the ability to see the essential thing. He never 
took an unimportant point and went off upon that; but he always laid 
hold of the real thing, of the real question, and attended to that with- 
out attending to the others any more than w^as indispensably necessary. 
— Charles A. Dana, Lecture, " Lincoln and His Cabinet." 

There, by his courage, his justice, his even temper, his fertile 
counsel, his humanity (Abraham Lincoln) stood a heroic figure in the 
centre of a heroic epoch. He is the true history of the American 
people in his time. Step by step he walked before them; slow with 
their slowness, quickening his march by theirs, the true representative 
of this continent; an entirely public man; father of his country, the 
pulse of twenty millions throbbing in his heart, the thought of their 
minds articulated by his tongue. — Ralph Waldo Emerson. 

/ ^ We can still count as one of ourselves, with his honor and his 

sadness, with his greatness and his everyday homeliness, with his wit 

/ and his logic, with his gentle chivalry that made him equal to the 

.' best born knight, and his awkward and ungainly way that made him 

/ one of the plain people, our martyred President, our leader of the 

/ plain people, Abraham Lincoln. * * * Beyond the rulers of every 

,■ age, Lincoln was the leader of the people, — of what he called the plain 

[ people. * * 'f' He knew, as no other man did, as cabinets and 

( congresses did not know, the sentiments and feelings of the plain people 

, of the Northern States. He knew that they loved, beyond every- 

\ thing else, the Union, and he would move only so fast as, over the 

\ , electric currents which connected his heart and brain with every 

\ fireside in the land, came the tidings to him that they were ready for 

another advance along the lines of revolutionary action which would 

preserve the Union. — Chauncey M. Depew, Speech at Lincoln Dinner. 

I have often contemplated and described (Lincoln's) life. Born 
in a cabin of Kentucky, of parents who could hardly read; born a new 
Moses in the solitude of the desert, where are forged all great and 
obstinate thoughts, monotonous, like the desert, and, like the desert, 
sublime; growing up among those primeval forests, which, with their 



THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 275 

fragrance, send a cloud of incense, and, with their murmurs, a cloud 
of prayers, to heaven; a boatman at eight years, in the impetuous cur- 
rent of the Ohio, and at seventeen in the vast and tranquil waters of 
the Mississippi; later, a woodman, with axe and arm felling the imme- 
morial trees, to open a way to unexplored regions for his tribe of 
wandering workers; reading no other book than the Bible, the book 
of great sorrows and great hopes, dictated often by prophets to the 
sound of fetters they dragged through Nineveh and Babylon; a child 
of nature, in a word, by one of those miracles only comprehensible 
among free peoples, he fought for the country, and was raised by his 
fellow-citizens to the Congress at Washington, and by the nation to 
the presidency of the Republic; and, after emancipating three million 
slaves, that nothing might be wanting, he dies in the very moment 
of victory, — Hke Christ, like Socrates, Uke all redeemers, at the foot 
of his work. His work ! Sublime achievement ! over which humanity 
shall eternally shed its tears, and God His benedictions. — Emilio 
Castelar (Spanish orator). ^ 

From the union of the colonists, Puritans and Cavaliers, from 
the straightening of their purposes and the crossing of their blood, 
slow perfecting through a century, came he who stands as the first 
typical American, the first who comprehended within himself all the 
strength and gentleness, all the majesty and grace of this republic — 
Abraham Lincoln. He was the sum of Puritan and Cavalier, for in 
his ardent nature were fused the virtues of both, and in the depths 
of his great soul the faults of both were lost. He was greater than 
Puritan, greater than Cavalier, in that he was American, and that in 
his honest form were first gathered the vast and thrilling forces of his 
ideal government — charging it with such a tremendous meaning and 
so elevating it above human suffering, that martyrdom, though 
infamously aimed, came as a fitting crown to a life consecrated from 
the cradle to human liberty. Let us build with reverent hands to the 
type of this simple, but sublime life, in which all types are honored. — 
Henry W. Grady, of Georgia, from the speech at the New England 
Club, in New York city, December 21, 1886. 






276 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



If ever the face of a man writing solemn words glowed with holy 
joy, it must have been the face of Abraham Lincoln as he bent over 
the Emancipation Proclamation. Here was an act in which his whole 
soul could rejoice, an act that crowned his life. All the past, the free 
boyhood in the woods, the free youth upon the farm, the free man- 
hood in the honorable citizen's employment — all his freedom gathered 
and completed in this. And is it any wonder that among the swarthy 
multitudes, ragged, and tired, and hungry, and ignorant, but free 
forever from anything but the memorial scars of the fetters and the 
whips, — is it any wonder there grew up in camps and hovels a super- 
stition, which saw in Lincoln the image of one who was more than 
man, and whom with one voice they loved to call " Father Abraham? " 
' — Phillips Brooks. 

The nation's debt to these men (Washington and Lincoln) is not 
confined to what it owes them for its material well-being, incalculable 
though this debt is. Beyond the fact that we are an independent and 
united people, with half a continent as our heritage, lies the fact that 
every American is richer by the noble deeds and noble words of Wash- 
ington and of Lincoln. Each of us who reads the Gettysburg speech 
or the second inaugural address of the greatest American of the nine- 
teenth century, or who studies the long campaigns and lofty states- 
manship of that other American who was even greater, cannot but 
feel within him that lift toward things higher and nobler which can 
never be bestowed by the enjoyment of mere material prosperity. — 
From " American Ideals," Theodore Roosevelt. 

On the day of his death, this simple Western attorney, who, accord- 
ing to one party, was a vulgar joker, and whom some of his own sup- 
porters accused of wanting every element of statesmanship, was the 
most absolute ruler in Christendom, and this solely by the hold his 
good-humored sagacity had laid on the hearts and understandings of 
his countrymen. Nor was this all, for it appeared that he had drawn 
the great majority, not only of his fellow-citizens, but of mankind 
also, to his side. So strong and persuasive is honest manliness, with- 
out a single quality of romance or unreal sentiment to help it! A 
civilian during times of the most captivating military achievements, 



THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 



277 



awkward, with no skill in the lower technicalities of manners, he left 
behind him a fame beyond that of any conqueror, the memory of a 
grace higher than that of outward person^ and of gentlemanliness 
deeper than mere breeding. Never before that startled April morn- 
ing did such multitudes of men shed tears for the death of one they 
had never seen, as if with him a friendly presence had been taken 
away from their lives, leaving them colder and darker. Never was 
funeral panegyric so eloquent as the silent look of sympathy which 
strangers exchanged when they met on that day. Their common 
manhood had lost a kinsman. — James Russell Lowell. 

To Horace Greeley,, the greatest of American editors, his party 
associate and a stinging thorn in his flesh, Lincoln wrote: " If there be 
those who would not save the Union unless they could at the same 
time save slavery, I do not agree with them." " If there be those who 
would not save the Union unless they could at the same time destroy 
slavery, I do not agree with them." 

" My paramount object is to save the Union, and not either to save 
or destroy slavery." " If I could save the Union without freeing any 
slave, I would do it — if I could do it by freeing all the slaves, I would 
do it — and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, 
I would also do that." '' What I do about slavery and the colored 
race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union, and what I for- 
bear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the 
Union." 

From the hour of that touching farewell speech to his neighbors 
in the Springfield depot, down to the fatal night in Ford's Theatre, his 
life was consecrated to the restoration of a dissevered country. 

Walking in the busy streets of the city of Atlanta^ not long since, 
I came upon a fine statue of Henry W. Grady. Beneath the bronze 
figure of the young orator, whose early death has been so widely 
regretted, was the legend: "He died while literally loving a nation 
into peace." 

Even more suggestive than his cheering words was the act of the 
Southern masses, which placed this monument in their busiest 
thoroughfare, a witness of their satisfaction at the sentiments which 



278 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



had distinguished him. No traveler in the South can doubt that there 
is a '' New South." The industries are growing and the schools are 
multiplying. There is a healthier sentiment upon sociological and 
economic questions, because the slave system is no longer there to 
throttle it. * * * The South has a new feeling towards the 
North. As we understand each other better^ we love each other more. 
The roads are being broken out. Beaten paths are being made. 
Commercial intercourse has commenced and fraternal regard is grow- 
ing. The Ohio river no longer separates two opposing peoples, who 
merely sustain diplomatic relations with each other; there is a chemical 
affinity in progress; we are amalgamating. The bitterness of a century 
of controversy is well-nigh gone. The wounds torn by the rough 
hoof of war have almost healed. The soldiers of the two armies, and 
the young men and women of the new generation, who " look forward 
and not back," have attained this magnificent result. The Union is 
stronger, safer^ because it stood the shock of battle. The people are 
more homogeneous because more free. A hundred millions of united, 
industrious, frugal, educated Christian people, under a free flag, stand 
in a place so high among the nations that they can command anything 
that is right by the force and dignity of their position, and without 
resort to war. And the work of Abraham Lincoln is accomplished. — 
President Andrew S. Draper, University of Illinois, Lincoln's Birthday, 
1896. 

While we say that Mr. Lincoln was an uneducated man, unedu- 
cated in the sense that we recognize in any college town, he yet had a 
singularly perfect education in regard to everything that concerns the 
practical affairs of life. His judgment was excellent^ and his informa- 
tion was always accurate. He knew what the thing was. He was a 
man of genius, and, contrasted with men of education, genius will 
always carry the day. I remember very well going into Mr. Stanton's 
room in the War Department on the day of the Gettysburg celebration, 
and he said: "Have you seen these Gettysburg speeches?" ''No," 
said I, ''I didn't know you had them." He said: "Yes; and the 
people will be delighted with them. Edward Everett has made a 
speech that will make three columns in the newspapers, and Mr. Lincoln 



THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 279 

has made a speech of perhaps forty or fifty lines. Everett's is the 
speech of a scholar, poHshed to the last possibility. It is eloquent arid 
it is learned; but Lincoln's speech will be read by a thousand men 
where one reads Everett's, and will be remembered as long as any- 
body's speeches are remembered who speaks in the English language." 
That was the truth. If you will take those two speeches now, 
you will get an idea how superior genius is to education; how superior 
that intellectual faculty is which sees the vitaHty of a question and 
knows how to state it; how superior that intellectual faculty is which 
regards everything with the fire of earnestness in the soul, with the 
relentless purpose of a heart devoted to objects beyond literature. — - 
Charles A. Dana, Lecture on '' Lincoln and His Cabinet." 

Another interesting fact about Abraham Lincoln was that he 
developed into a great military man, that is to say, a man of supreme 
military judgment. I do not risk anything in saying that if you will 
study the records of the war and study the writings relating to it, you 
will agree with me that the greatest general we had, greater than 
Grant or Thomas, was Abraham Lincoln. It was not so at the begin- 
ning; but after three or four years of constant practice in the science 
and art of war, he arrived at this extraordinary knov/ledge of it, so 
that Von Moltke was not a better general or an abler planner or 
expounder of a campaign than President Lincoln was. He was, to 
sum it up, a born leader of men. He knew human nature; he knew 
what chord to strike, and he was never afraid to strike it when, he 
believed that the time had arrived. — Charles A. Dana, Lecture on 
'' Lincoln and His Cabinet." 

Another remarkable peculiarity of Mr. Lincoln's was that he 
seemed to have no illusions. He had no freakish notions that things 
were so or might be so, when they were not so. All his thinking and 
all his reasoning, all his mind, in short, was based continually on actual 
facts, and upon facts of which, as I said, he saw the essence. I never 
heard him say anything that was not so. I never heard him foretell 
things. He told what they were. But I never heard him intimate 
that such and such consequences were Hkely to happen, without the 



28o MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

consequences following. I should say, perhaps, that his greatest qual- 
ity was wisdom. And that is something superior to talent, superior 
to education. I do not think it can be acquired. He had it. He was 
wise; he was not mistaken; he saw things as they were. All the 
advice that he gave was wise; it was judicious; and it was always timely. 
This wisdom, it is scarcely necessary to add, had its animating phil- 
osophy in his own famous words: ''With charity toward all; with 
malice toward none." — Charles A. Dana, Lecture on '' Lincoln and 
His Cabinet." 

Not long since, as I sat in a crowded courtroom, there came to 
the witness stand a venerable, white-haired negro. Bom a slave, he 
had stood upon the auction block and been sold to the highest bidder. 
Now, he came into a court of Justice to settle, by the testimony of his 
black lips, a controversy between white men. When asked his age, he 
drew himself proudly up, and said: '' For fifty years I was a chattel. 
On the first day of January, 1863, Uncle Abe Lincoln made me a man." 

The act which set that old man free was the crowning glory of 
Lincoln's life, for by it he not only saved his country, but emancipated 
a race. We of the Anglo-Saxon tongue are justly proud of the Magna 
Charta. We are justly proud of the Declaration of Independence, of 
the right of government by the people. True it is that the genesis of 
American Liberty was in the Declaration of Independence, but the 
gospel of its new testament was written by Abraham Lincoln in the 
Emancipation Proclamation. — John M. Thurston, New York, Lincoln's 
Birthday, 1895. 

Mr. Lincoln had many amiable and lovable personal qualities, 
but the great thing was the fact that he succeeded; that the Civil War 
was ended under his rule. He succeeded, with the forces of the anti- 
slavery states, in putting down a rebellion in which twelve millions of 
people were concerned, determined people, educated people, fighting 
for their ideas and their property, fighting to the last, fighting to the 
death. I don't think there is anything else in history to compare with 
that achievement. How did he do it? 

In the first place, he never was in haste. As I said, he never took 
a step too soon, and also he never took a step too late. When the 



THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 



281 



whole northern country seemed to be clamoring for him to issue a 
proclamation abolishing slavery, he didn't do it. Deputation after 
deputation went to Washington. I remember once, a hundred gentle- 
men came, dressed in black coats, mostly clergymen, from Massachu- 
setts. They appealed to him to proclaim the abolition of slavery. But 
he didn't do it. He allowed Mr. Cameron and General Butler to 
execute their great idea of treating slaves as contraband of war, and of 
protecting those who had got into our lines against being recaptured 
by their Southern owners. But he would not prematurely make the 
proclamation that was so much desired. Finally the time came; and 
of that he was the judge. Nobody else decided it; nobody commanded 
it; the proclamation was issued as he thought best; and it was effi- 
cacious. The people of the North, who during the long contest over 
slavery had always stood strenuously by the compromises of the Con- 
stitution, might themselves have become half rebels if this proclama- 
tion had been issued too soon. They at last were tired of waiting, 
tired of endeavoring to preserve even a show of regard for what were 
called the compromises of the Constitution^ when they beheved that 
the Constitution itself was in danger. Thus public opinion was ripe 
when the proclamation came,, and that was the beginning of the end. 
This unerring judgment, this patience which waited and which knew 
when the right time had arrived — those were intellectual qualities, 
which I do not find exercised upon any such scale by any other man in 
history, and with such unerring precision. This proves Abraham Lin- 
coln to have been intellectually one of the greatest of rulers. — Charles 
A. Dana, Lecture on '' Lincoln and His Cabinet." 



Abraham Lincoln was the grandest figure of the nineteenth cen- 
tury. With a giant intellect, a boundless love of his kind, and an 
irrevocable determination that right should triumph, he stood before 
the people of the world, and so conducted himself that all criticism was 
disarmed, and all oppressors put to shame. Sensitive as a child, firm 
as a rock, he lifted up the lowly, restrained the arrogant, and, with a 
foresight that was almost inspiration, made possible and certain the 
union of the states. He was neither appalled by disaster nor elated by 



r 



282 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

the grandest successes. Devoid of self-esteem, unconscious of his 
mighty abihty, he aimed at and attained results because he believed 
eternal justice demanded them. With the growth of centuries, tHe 
name of Abraham Lincoln will be more highly honored, and the value 
of his work more fully appreciated. — George W. Ray. 

Abraham Lincoln cannot be compared with any man. He stands 
alone. More and more, as time goes on, does his work impress itself 
upon the world. His genius was fitted exactly to the circumstances 
under which he lived and labored. He is the conspicuous example of 
the truth that an all-wise Providence provides the man for the emer- 
gency. And then what an inspiration he has become to every ambi- 
tious, struggling young American! By his sterling integrity to 
thought and conviction, by untiring industry, and by his large common 
sense, he rose from obscurity to the first place in the nation, and has 
become the priceless heritage of every American. — James S. Sherman. 

The chief characteristics of Lincoln were his integrity and com- 
mon sense. Many of his contemporaries excelled him in eloquence, in 
learning, and in culture, but in the quality that is stronger and higher 
than either, the quality that inspires confidence and courage in times 
of crisis, he surpassed them all. He was fortunate in his career while 
living, and fortunate in his sad and tragic death. Hardly in the his- 
tory of the human race has a ruler died whose loss seemed to the people 
so near a personal grief, and the power of his name increases steadily. 
He was neither orator, soldier nor scholar, but a leader, trusted and 
loved as few had ever been. In the historic struggle in which his is the 
great name, his countrymen felt that other leaders might be right/ but 
he was sure to be right. — Frank S. Black. 

~ The glory of Abraham Lincoln is a masterful mind forever loyal 
to the majesty and power of a great thought. That great thought was 
the supremacy of the Constitution of the United States, loyalty to 
which is the first and last duty of an American citizen, higher than all 
personal considerations, and superior to all sectional interests. Like a 
heavenly enchantment it allured him to duty, and like a perennial 



THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 283 

inspiration it was his courage in danger, fortitude in adversity, and 
faith in the certainty of the future. ^^^^^^ /? AAkt.-^, 



From earliest manhood, he had been the patient student of this 
great instrument of our political economy (the Constitution), and to 
maintain the supreme authority thereof over every citizen and over every 
inch of our national domain was the larger purpose of all his state 
papers, of every act of his administration, and of the war measures he 
approved. Himself the gentlest of souls and the sincerest of men, he 
loved peace but he loved the Union more, and called upon his country- 
men to die with him for the right. He hated slavery, but he hated 
rebellion more, and he would suppress rebellion with slavery or without 
slavery; and, when the time came to suppress the one by the destruction 
of the other, the sword of Grant and the pen of Lincoln were the chosen 
instruments of Providence to scatter the rebels and emancipate the 
slaves. — John P. Newman. 

It is not difidcult to place a correct estimate upon the character of 
Lincoln. He was the greatest man of his time, especially approved of 
God for the work He gave him to do. History abundantly approves 
his superiority as a leader, and establishes his constant reliance upon 
a higher power for guidance and support. The tendency of this age 
is to exaggeration, but of Lincoln, certainly none have spoken more 
highly than those who knew him best. 

A distinguished orator of to-day has said: '' Lincoln surpassed 
all orators in eloquence; all diplomatists in wisdom; all statesmen in 
foresight; and the most ambitious in fame." 

This is in accord with the estimate of Stanton, who pronounced 
him " the most perfect ruler of men the world had ever seen." 

Seward, too, declared Lincoln " a man of destiny, with character 
made and moulded by Divine power to save a nation from perdition." 

Ralph Waldo Emerson characterized him as "the true represen- 
tative of this continent; an entirely public man; father of his country; 
the pulse of twenty millions throbbing in his hearty the thought of their 
minds articulated by his tongue." 



284 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Bancroft wisely observed: " Lincoln thought always of mankind 
as well as of his own country, and served human nature itself; he 
finished a work which all time cannot overthrow." 

Sumner said that in Lincoln " the West spoke to the East, plead- 
ing for human rights as declared by our fathers." 

Horace Greeley, in speaking of the events which led up to and 
embraced the Rebellion, declared: '' Other men were helpful and nobly 
did their part; yet, looking back through the lifting mists of those 
seven eventful, tragic, trying, glorious years, I clearly discern the one 
providential leader, the indispensable hero of the great drama, Abraham 
Lincoln." 

James Russell Lowell was quick to perceive and proclaim Lincoln's 
greatness. In December, 1863, ^^ ^ review of the " President's Policy," 
in the Atlantic Monthly, he said: " Perhaps none of our presidents 
since Washington has stood so firm in the confidence of the people as 
Lincoln, after three years' stormy administration. * >s^ * A pro- 
found common sense is the best genius for statesmanship. Hitherto 
the wisdom of the President's measures have been justified by the fact 
that they have always resulted in more firmly uniting public opinion." 
— William McKinley, at Albany, N. Y., Lincoln's Birthday, 1895. 

What were the traits of character that made him leader and master, 
without a rival in the greatest crisis in our history? What gave him 
such mighty power? Lincoln had sublime faith in the people. He 
walked with and among them. He recognized the importance and 
power of an enlightened public sentiment and was guided by it. Even 
amid the vicissitudes of war, he concealed little from public inspection. 
In all that he did, he invited rather than evaded public examination and 
criticism. He submitted his plans and purposes, as far as practicable, 
to public consideration with perfect frankness and sincerity. There 
was such homely simplicity in his character, that it could not be hedged 
in by the pomp of place, nor the ceremonials of high official station. 
He was so accessible to the public that he seemed to take the whole 
people into his confidence. Here, perhaps, was one secret of his power. 
Bancroft, the historian, alluding to this characteristic, which was never 
so conspicuously manifested as during the darkest hours of the war. 



THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 28; 

beautifully illustrated it in these memorable words: "As a child in a 
dark night, on a rugged way^ catches hold of the hand of its father for 
guidance and support, Lincoln clung fast to the hand of the people, and 
moved calmly through the gloom." — William McKinley, at Albany, 
N. Y., Lincoln's Birthday, 1895. 

Lincoln was an orator. We hear in these days that the power of 
the orator has passed; that the spoken word will soon be a thing of 
the past. The people can read all that the orator can tell them, and 
that soon the orator will be among the things that are the history of a 
country. Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States, 
not because he served in the legislature — he was a nobody there; not 
because he served in Congress — for he was unknown there; not be- 
cause he was a lawyer, for he had only a state reputation. He became 
President because of the stump and the platform. He never left them 
without leaving the impression that a great soul, a great mind, had 
made itself known, and that a man who ought to be a leader of the 
people had spoken to them — a man who it was intended should carry 
the torch. — Chauncey M, Depew, Albany, N. Y., Lincoln's Birthday, 

1893. 

During the whole of the struggle, he was a tower of strength to 
the Union. Whether in defeat or victory, he kept right on, dismayed 
at nothing, and never to be diverted from the pathway of duty. Al- 
ways cool and determined, all learned to gain renewed courage, calm- 
ness, and wisdom from him, and to lean upon his strong arm for sup- 
port. The proud designation of " Father of his Country " was not 
more appropriately bestowed upon Washington than the affectionate 
title, " Father Abraham," was given to Lincoln by the soldiers and 
loyal people of the North. 

The crowning glory of Lincoln's administration, and the greatest 
executive act in American history, was his immortal Proclamation of 
Emancipation. Perhaps more clearly than any one else, Lincoln had 
realized, years before he was called to the Presidency, that the country 
could not continue half slave and half free. He declared it before 
Seward declared the " Irrepressible conflict." The contest between 



286 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

freedom and slavery was inevitable; it was written in the stars. The 
nation must either be all slave or all free. Lincoln, with almost super- 
natural prescience, foresaw it. His prophetic vision is manifested 
through all his utterances, notably in the great debate between him- 
self and Douglass, To him was given the duty and responsibility of 
making that great classic of liberty, the Declaration of Independence, no 
longer an empty promise, but a glorious fulfillment. — William McKin- 
ley, at Albany, N. Y., Lincoln's Birthday, 1895. 

A man of great ability, pure patriotism, unselfish nature, full of 
forgiveness to his enemies, bearing malice toward none, he proved to 
be the man above all others for the struggle through which the nation 
had to pass to place itself among the greatest in the family of nations. 
His fame will grow brighter as time passes and his great work is better 
(,__^ understood. — U. S. Grant. 

Lincoln was a man of moderation. He was neither an autocrat 
nor a tyrant. If he moved slowly sometimes, it was because it was 
better to move slowly, and he was only waiting for his reserves to come 
up. Possessing almost unlimited power, he yet carried himself Hke one 
of the humblest of men. He weighed every subject. He considered 
and reflected upon every phase of public duty. He got the average 
judgment of the plain people. He had a high sense of justice, a clear 
understanding of the rights of others, and never heedlessly inflicted 
an injury upon any man. He always taught and enforced the doctrine 
of mercy and charity on every occavsion. Even in the excess of rejoic- 
ing, he said to a party who came to serenade him a few nights after the 
Presidential election in November, 1864: " Now that the election is 
over, may not all having a common interest re-unite in common effort 
to save our country? So long as I have been here, I have not willingly 
planted a thorn in any man's bosom. While I am deeply sensible to the 
high compliment of a re-election, and duly grateful, as I trust, to 
Almighty God, for having directed my countrymen to a right con- 
clusion, as I think, for their own good, it adds nothing to my satisfac- 
tion that any other man may be disappointed or pained by the result." 
— William McKinley, at Albany, N. Y., Lincoln's Birthday, 1895. 



THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 



The South was shocked inexpressibly by the foul assassination of 
Mr. Lincoln. The world has never held the South responsible for the 
act of the madman. Yet, horrified as they were, and stirred as were 
their generous sympathies at the cruel fate of their greatest antagonist, 
the Southern people knew not how much of hope for them, how much 
of love, how much of helpfulness in their hour of sorest need, lay buried 
in the coffin of Abraham Lincoln. As he had been the mainstay of the 
Union, he could have gone further than any other man in the North 
would have dared to do in the way of kindness and forgiveness to his 
foes. As he was truly great, he knew the constraining power of such 
magnanimity. As he was truly good, its exercise would have been to 
him the sweetest guerdon of his great endeavors and triumph. Yet 
fate decreed otherwise. The curse of his assassination was added to the 
calamity of defeat in the full cup of bitterness which was commended 
to the lips of the South during the long and humiliating years of recon- 
struction. Year by year she is learning to know Lincoln as he was, 
and not as she has pictured him. She is learning to realize that his 
devotion to the Union and his advocacy of emancipation were as natural 
to him as the cc«itrary views entertained by her own people. She is 
learning, above all, to realize that, strong and true to his convictions 
as he was, he was struck down at the very hour when he would have 
proved himself her friend, and that, whether viewed as a friend or as a 
foe, candor must class him among the wisest, truest, simplest and 
greatest men that America ever produced. — Ex-Governor George D. 
Wise, of Virginia. 

Lincoln was an immense personality — firm but not obstinate. 
Obstinacy is egotism — firmness, heroism. He influenced others with- 
out effort — unconsciously; and they submitted to him as men submit to 
nature — unconsciously. He was severe with himself, and for that 
reason lenient with others. 

He appeared to apologize for being kinder than his fellows. 

He did merciful things as stealthily as others committed crimes. 

Almost ashamed of tenderness, he said and did the noblest words 
and deeds with that charming confusion, that awkwardness, that is the 
perfect grace of modesty. 



288 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

He wore no official robes either on his body or his soul. He never 
pretended to be more or less, or other, or different, from what he really 
was. 

He was neither tyrant nor slave. He neither knelt nor scorned. 

With him men were neither great nor small — they were right or 
wrong. 

Through manners, clothes, titles, rags and race he saw the real — 
that which is. Beyond accident, policy, compromise and war he saw 
the end. 

He was patient as Destiny, whose undecipherable hieroglyphs were 
so deeply graven on his sad and tragic face. — Robert G. Ingersoll, at 
Dinner on Lincoln's Birthday. 

It is the glory of Lincoln that, having almost absolute power, he 
never abused it, except on the side of mercy. 

Wealth could not purchase, power could not awe, this divine, this 
loving man. 

He knew no fear except the fear of doing wrong. Hating slavery, 
pitying the master — seeking to conquer, not persons, but prejudices — 
he was the embodiment of self-denial, the courage, the hope, and the 
nobility of a Nation. 

He spoke not to inflame, not to upbraid, but to convince. 

He raised his hands, not to strike, but in benediction. 

He loved to see the pearls of joy on the cheeks of a wife whose 
husband he had rescued from death. 

Lincoln was the grandest figure of the fiercest Civil War. He is 
the gentlest memory of our world.— Robert G. Ingersoll, at Dinner on 
Lincoln's Birthday. 



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THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN, 
o captain! my captain! 

* * * ^ >is * * 

O Captain! My Captain! Our fearful trip is done, 
The ship has weathered every rack, the prize we sought is won; 
The port is near, the bells I hear^ the people all exulting, 
While follow eyes, the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring; 
But, O heart! heart! heart! 

O the bleeding drops of red, 
Where on the deck my Captain lies 
Fallen, cold and dead. 

O Captain! My Captain! rise up and hear the bells; 
Rise up — for you the flag is flung — for you the bugle trills — 
For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths — for you the shores a-crowding; 
For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; 
Here, Captain! dear father! 

This arm beneath your head! 
It is some dream that, on the deck^ 
You've fallen cold and dead! 

My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still; 
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will; 
The ship is anchored safe and sound, its voyage closed and done; 
From fearful trip, the victor ship comes in, with object won; 
Exult, O shores! and ring, O bells! 

But I, with mournful tread. 
Walk the deck my Captain lies 
Fallen, cold, and dead. 

— Walt Whitman. 

This man whose homely face you look upon, 

Was one of Nature's masterful, great men; 
Born with strong arms that unfought victories won, 

Direct of speech and cunning with the pen. 
Chosen for large designs, he had the art 

Of winning with his humor, and he went 
Straight to his mark, which was the human heart; 

Wise, too, for vv^hat he could not break, he bent. 
Upon his back, a more than Atlas' load, 

The burden of the Commonwealth was laid: 
He stooped, and rose up with it, though the road 

Shot suddenly downwards, not a whit dismayed. 
Hold, warriors, councilors, kings! All noiw give place 

To this dead Benefactor of the Race! 

— Richard Henry Stoddard. 



291 



292 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Here was a type of the true elder race, 

One of Plutarch's men talked with us face to face; 

I praise him not; it were too late; 

And some innative weakness there must be 

In him who condescends to victory 

Such as the present gives, and cannot wait, 

Safe in himself as in a fate. 

So always, firmly, he; 

He knew to bide his time. 
And can his fame abide, 

Still patient in his simple faith sublime, 
Till the wise years decide. 

Great captains, with their guns and drums. 
Disturb our judgment for the hour. 
But at last silence comes. 

These are all gone, and, standing like a tower. 

Our children shall behold his fame. 
The kindly, earnest, brave, foreseeing man, 

Sagacious, patient, dreading praise, not blame, 
New birth of our new soil, the first American. 

— lames Russell Lowell. 

He was the North, the South, the East, the West, 

The thrall, the master, all of us in one; 
There was no section that he held the best; 

His love shone as impartial as the sun; 
And so. Revenge appealed to him in vain. 

He smiled at it, as at a thing forlorn. 
And gently put it from him, rose and stood 
A moment's space in pain, 

Remembering the prairies and the corn 
And the glad voices of the field and wood. 

And then when Peace set wing upon the wind 
And, northward flying, fanned the clouds away, 

He passed as martyrs pass. Ah, who shall find 
The chord to sound the pathos of that day! 

Mid-April blowing sweet across the land, 
New bloom of freedom opening to the world, 

Loud paeans of the homeward-looking host, 
The salutations grand 
From grimy guns, the tattered flags unfurled; 

But he must sleep, to all the glory lost! 

— Maurice Thompson. 



I 



THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 



293 



All days which are notable should be remembered. The world 
does well to mark its sense of the importance of such days, for one 
of the most fatal diseases of the mind is indifference, and hence every- 
thing which tends to rouse men out of their indifference is beneficial. 
The life of Lincoln should never be passed by in silence by young or 
old. He touched the log cabin and it became the palace in which great- 
ness was nurtured. He touched the forest and it became to him a 
church in which the purest and noblest worship of God was observed. 
His occupation has become associated in our minds with the integrity 
of the life he Hved. In Lincoln there was always some quality that 
fastened him to the people, and taught them to keep time to the 
music of his heart. Instances are given of his honesty, but there are 
tens of thousands of men as honest as he. The difference is that they 
are not able to concentrate the ideal of honor as he did. He reveals 
to us the beauty of plain backwoods honesty. He grew up away from 
the ethics of the colleges, but he acquired a sense of honesty as high 
and noble as the most refined of the teachers of ethics could compre- 
hend. — David Swing. 

Of Mr. Lincoln's general character I need not speak. He was 
warm-hearted; he was generous; he was magnanimous; he was most 
truly, as he afterwards said on a memorable occasion, " with malice 
toward none, with charity for all." He had a native genius far above 
his fellows. Every fountain of his heart was overflowing with the 
" milk of human kindness." From my attachment to him, so much 
deeper was the pang in my own breast, as well as of millions, at the 
horrible manner of his " taking off." This was the climax of our 
troubles, and the spring from which came unnumbered woes. But of 
those events, no more, now. Let not history confuse events. Emanci- 
pation was not the chief object of Mr. Lincoln in issuing the Proclama- 
tion. His chief object, the ideal to which his whole soul was devoted, 
was the preservation of the Union. Pregnant as it was with coming 
events, initiative as it was of ultimate emancipation, it still originated, 
in point of fact, more from what was deemed the necessities of war, than 
from any purely humanitarian view of the matter. Life is all a mist, 
and in the dark our fortunes meet us! This was evidently the case 



294 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

with Mr. Lincoln. He, in my opinion, was, like all the rest of us, an 
instrument in the hands of that Providence above us, that " Divinity 
which shapes our ends, rough-hew them how we will." — Alexander 
Hamilton Stephens, of Georgia. 

The month of February contains two great days, — days that com- 
memorate the two most thrilling and imperial figures in our American 
history. There could not possibly be two more opposite and dissimilar 
types; the one with all the advantages of high station, culture and fine 
breeding, refinement and gracious surroundings; unspoiled, as gracious 
as the humblest among us all. 

And, then^ that other; that singular and incomparable character, 
of whom, when anybody tells something more about his young life, you 
get a sense of how fine and high, amid all his poverty and hardship, it 
was; how truly noble that other was — our own Lincoln. 

What was it that made these two men great; one with inheritances 
to make greatness of an external kind; the other with only the simple 
ruggedness of a great character? What but this: That each one held 
himself, first of all, as a servant of the Power above him, and, sitting in 
the high chair of state, sat there remembering always that he was a 
servant of the people, and only that because he was the servant of 
God. — Right Rev. Henry C. Potter. 

An anecdote, showing Lincoln's merciful nature in a touching 
light, and related by Mr. L. E. Chittenden in his '' Recollections of 
President Lincoln and His Administration," from authentic sources, is 
the one of the sleeping sentinel, William Scott, the Vermont boy, whose 
life Lincoln saved after he had been condemned to be shot. Lincoln 
personally saw Scott and talked with him a long time. Scott would 
not talk to his comrades of the interview afterward until one night, 
when he had received a letter from home, he finally opened his heart to 
a friend in this wise: 

'' The President was the kindest man I had ever seen. I was scared 
at first, for I had never before talked with a great man. But Mr. Lin- 
coln was so easy with me, so gentle, that I soon forgot my fright. 
* * * He stood up, and he says to me, ' My boy, stand up here and 



THE FLAG BLESSES THE BIRTHDAY OF LINCOLN. 295 

look me in the face.' I did as he bade me. ' My boy,' he said, ' you 
are not going to be shot to-morrow. I am going to trust you and send 
you back to your regiment. I have come up here from Washington, 
where I have a great deal to do, and what I want to know is how you 
are going to pay my bill.' There was a big lump in my throat. I could 
scarcely speak. But I got it crowded down and managed to say: 'There 
is some way to pay you, and I will find it after a little. There is the 
bounty in the savings bank. I guess we could borrow some money on 
a mortgage on the farm.' I was sure the boys would help, so I thought 
we could raise it, if it wasn't more than $500 or $600. ' But it is a 
great deal more than $500 or $600,' he said. Then I said I didn't see 
how, but I was sure I would find some way — if I lived. Then Mr. 
Lincoln put his hands on my shoulders and looked into my face as if he 
were sorry, and said: ' My boy, my bill is a very large one. Your 
friends cannot pay it, nor your bounty, nor your farm, nor all your 
comrades. There is only one man in all the world who can pay it, and 
his name is William Scott. If from this day William Scott does his 
duty, so that if I was there when he comes to die he can look me in the 
face as he does now, and can say: '' I have kept my promise and I have 
done my duty as a soldier! " then my debt will be paid. Will you make 
that promise and try to keep it? ' I said I would make the promise 
and with God's help I would keep it. He went away out of my sight 
forever. I know I shall never see him again, but may God forget me if 
I ever forget his kind words or my promise." — Washington Star. 



Years pass away, but Freedom does not pass; 

Thrones crumble, but man's birthright crumbles not; 
And, like the wind across the prairie grass 

A whole world's aspirations fan this spot 
With ceaseless pantings after liberty, 

One breath of which would make even Russia fair. 

And blow sweet summer through the exile's care 
And set the exile free; 

For which I pray, here, in the open air 
Of Freedom's morning-tide, by Lincoln's grave. 

— Maurice Thoni'.son. 



296 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



We all recognize two characters in the annals of American his- 
tory that will ever be inseparably associated with the great War of the 
Rebellion, with the heroic age of the country — Abraham Lincoln and 
Ulysses S. Grant. One the Commander-in-Chief, the other the Gen- 
eral-in-Chief of that immortal Union Army, baptized in blood, con- 
secrated in tears, hallowed in prayers, an army whose memory will 
remain green in the hearts of a grateful people as long as manly courage 
is talked of or heroic deeds are honored. Both possessed in a remark- 
able degree that most uncommon of all virtues, common sense. With 
them there was no posing for effect; no indulgence in mock heroics; no 
mawkish sentimentahty — possessions of the heart of the demagogue. 
Each was possessed of as brilliant an intellect as ever wore the riiantle 
of mortality. The mind of each was one great storehouse of useful 
information. Neither laid any claim to knowledge he did not possess. 
Each seemed to feel that vaunted learning is, like hypocrisy, a form of 
knowledge without the power of it. Even where their characteristics 
were unlike, they only served to supplement each other, but added to 
that united power wielded for the welfare and safety of a republic. 
Both entered public life from the same great state; both were elected 
for a second time to the highest ofBce in the gift of the people. One 
fell a victim to an assassin's bullet, the other to the most dreaded form 
of fell disease, so that both may be crowned with the sublimity of mar- 
tyrdom. — General Horace Porter, Albany, N. Y., Lincoln's Birthday, 
1895. 

LINCOLN. 

His towering figure, sharp and spare, 

Was with such nervous tension strung, 

As if on each strained sinew swung 
The burden of a people's care. 

His changing face what pen can draw? 
Pathetic, kindly, droll, or stern; 
\ And with a glance so quick to learn 

\ The inmost truth of all he saw. 

— Charles G. Halpine. 

■ \ 

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LAUS DEO! 



John Greenleaf Whittier. 



Arranged from Jonathan Battishill. 




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Tell the nations that He reigns. Who a - lone is Lord . . and God ! 



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FLAG-DAY 

MAKES SACRED 

JUNE 14TH. 

Quotations Song, The American Flag. 

Selections Song, Our Flag, 

Selections Song, Flag of the Free. 

Selections Song, America, 

(299) 




FLAG-DAY. 

^HIS day, June fourteenth, — more cheerful always in its 
associations than Memorial Day, even as the weather is 
fairer in mid- June than at the last of May, — more wide- 
spread in its significance than ''the glorious Fourth," or 
the birthday of Washington or Lincoln, since the flag 
is the symbol of every great deed or event of patriotism, and not of 
any one man or fact alone, — is not yet generally observed as a national 
holiday. But the signs are many that the time will come when the 
jubilee of the flag will be kept with a display of waving colors — the 
blending of the matchless Red, White and Blue — such as will gladden 
the eyes of every American, young and old, and fan to a brighter flame 
the fire of patriotism in every heart. In this deepening and extending 
honor to the flag it is natural and possible for children to take the 
lead. And wherever and whenever they lead the way, the rest of us 
will fall into line. When the G. A. R. held its annual reunion in Buf- 
falo a few years ago, there was no sight '' half so fine," so '' never-to- 
be-forgotten " as the '' Living Shield " of red, white and blue, composed 
of school children, several thousand in number, suitably arranged. 
When Syracuse kept the semi-centennial of its life as a city there was 
nothing that so drew and held the gaze of the thronging crowds as the 
sight of four hundred high-school girls arranged in the semblance and 
colors of a '' Living Flag " — the boys meanwhile making the streets 
alive with color, as they marched in procession with waving banners. 
But of course it is not always possible, never necessary, to use such 
elaborate m.eans in celebrating. At slight expense, let each boy and 
girl in a school be provided with a flag, and there is nothing rhythmic 
in speech or song for which they cannot easily supply an accompani- 
ment of waving flags; no march whose movement they cannot " time " 
with moving banners. And out of each Flag-day exercise, whether 
annual or oftener, there should come a better appreciation of the worth 
of the flag and the meaning of true patriotism. Moreover, the exercises 
may be greatly varied by the use of any number among the forty pro- 
grams which this book contains — for all the forty subjects, like a 
chorus of voices, '' Rally 'Round the Flag." 

(.^01) 



\ 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



QUOTATIONS. 

Our glory's path by stars it shov/s, 
And crimson stripes for Freedom's foes. 

— Henry P. Beck. 

God bless each precious fold. 
Made sacred by the patriot hands that now are still and cold. 

— Jennie Gould. 

Let all the ends thou aim'st at be thy Country's, 
Thy God's and Truth's. 

— William Shakespeare. 

I One flag, one land, one heart, one hand, 

I One nation, evermore. 

— Oliver Wendell Holmes. 



/-•- 



t Bear that banner proudly up, young warriors of the land, 

v With hearts of love, and arms of faith and more than iron hand. 

— Thomas Williams. 



Waves from sea to mountain crag. 
Freedom's starry Union flag. 

— Frederic Dennison. 

Let it float undimmed above. 

Till over all our vales shall bloom 
The sacred colors that we love. 

— Phoebe Gary. 



THE AMERICAN FLAG. 



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THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. 305 



SELECTIONS. 

It was no holiday flag, emblazoned for gayety, or for vanity. It 
was a solemn national signal. When that banner first unrolled to the 
sun, it was the symbol of all those holy truths and purposes which 
brought together the Colonial American Congress! Our flag means, 
then^ all that our fathers meant in the Revolutionary War; it means 
all that the Declaration of Independence meant; it means all that the 
Constitution of our people, organizing for justice, for liberty, and for 
happiness, meant. Our flag carries American ideas, American history, 
and American feeHngs. Beginning with the colonies, and coming down 
to our time, in its sacred heraldry, in its glorious insignia, it has gath- 
ered and stored chiefly this supreme idea — divine right of liberty in 
man. Every color means liberty; every thread means liberty; every 
form of star and beam or stripe of light means liberty; not lawlessness, 
not license; but organized institutional liberty, — liberty through law, 
and laws for liberty. — Henry Ward Beecher. 

Behold it! Listen to it! Every star has a tongue; every stripe is 
articulate. " There is no language or speech where their voices are 
not heard." There is magic in the web of it. It has an answer for 
every question of duty. It has a solution for every doubt and per- 
plexity. It has a word of good cheer for every hour of gloom or of 
despondency. Behold it! Listen to it! It speaks of earlier and of later 
struggles. It speaks of victories, and sometimes of reverses, on the sea 
and on the land. It speaks of patriots and heroes among the living and 
the dead. But before all and above all other associations and memories, 
whether of glorious men, or glorious deeds, or glorious places, its 
voice is ever of Union and Liberty, of the Constitution and the Laws. — 
Robert C. Winthrop. 

All hail to our glorious ensign! Courage to the heart, and strength 

to the hand to which, in all time, it shall be entrusted! May it ever wave 

in honor, in unsullied glory, and patriotic hope, on the dome of the 

capitol^ on the dome of the country's stronghold, on the tented plain, 

20 



\ 



3o6 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



V 



on the wave-rocked topmast. Wherever, on the earth's surface, the 
eye of the American shall behold it, may he have reason to bless it! On 
whatsoever spot it is planted, there may freedom have a foothold, 
humanity a brave champion, and religion an altar. Though stained 
with blood in a righteous cause, may it never, in any cause, be stained 
with shame. Alike, when its gorgeous folds shall wanton in lazy holiday 
triumphs on the summer breeze, and its tattered fragments be dimly 
seen through the clouds of war, may it be the joy and the pride of the 
American heart. First raised in the cause of right and liberty, in that 
cause alone, may it forever spread its streaming blazonry to the battle 
and the storm. Having been borne victoriously across the continent, 
and on every sea, may virtue, and freedom, and peace forever follow 
where it leads the way. — - Edward Everett. 

For myself, in our Federal relations, I know but one section, one 
union, one flag, one government. That section embraces every state; 
that union is the union sealed with blood and consecrated by the tears 
of the Revolutionary struggle; that flag is the flag known and honored 
on every sea under heaven; which has borne off glorious victory from 
many a bloody battlefield, and yet stirs with warmer and quicker pulsa- 
tions the heart's blood of every true American when he looks upon 
the stars and stripes. I will sustain that flag wherever it waves — over 
the sea or over the land. And when it shall be despoiled and dis- 
figured, I will rally around it still, as the star-spangled banner of my 
fathers and my country; and, so long as a single stripe can be discovered, 
or a single star shall glimmer from the surrounding darkness, I will 
cheer it as the em.blem of a nation's glory and a nation's hope. — Daniel 
S. Dickinson. 

There is the national flag! He must be cold, indeed, who can 
look upon its folds, rippling in the breeze, without pride of country. 
If he be in a foreign land, the flag is companionship, and country itself, 
with all its endearments. Who, as he sees it, can think of a state 
merely? Whose eye, once fastened on its radiant trophies, can fail to 
recognize the image of the whole nation? It has been called a '' float- 
ing piece of poetry; " and yet I know not if it has any intrinsic beauty 



THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. 307 

beyond other ensigns. Its highest beauty is in what it symbolizes. It 
is because it represents all, that all gaze at it with delight and reverence. 
It is a piece of bunting lifted in the air; but it speaks sublimely, and 
every part has a voice. Its stripes, of alternate red and white, pro- 
claim the original union of thirteen States to maintain the Declaration, 
of Independence. Its stars, white on a field of blue, proclaim that 
union of States, constituting our national constellation, which receives 
a new star with every new State. The two, together, signify union, 
past and present. The very colors have a language, which was officially 
10 recognized by our fathers. White is for purity, red for valor, blue 
for justice; and all together, — bunting, stripes, stars, and colors blaz- 
ing in the sky, — make the flag of our country, to be cherished by all 
of our hearts, to be upheld by all our hands. — Charles Sumner. 

I have recently returned from an extended tour of the States, and 
nothing so impressed and so refreshed me as the universal display of 
this banner of beauty and glory. It waved over the schoolhouses; it 
was in the hands of the school children. As we speeded across the 
sandy wastes, at some solitary place a man, a woman, a child would 
come to the door and wave it in loyal greeting. Two years ago, I 
saw a sight that has ever been present in my memory. As we were 
going out of the harbor of Newport, about midnight on a dark night, 
some of the officers of the torpedo station had prepared for us a 
beautiful surprise. The flag at the depot station was unseen in the 
darkness of the night, when suddenly electric searchlights were turned 
on it, bathing it in a flood of light. All below the flag was hidden, 
and it seemed to have no touch with earth, but to hang from the 
battlements of heaven. It was as if heaven was approving the human 
liberty and human equality typified by that flag. — Benjamin Harrison. 

It is on such an occasion as this that we can reason together — 
reaffirm our devotion to the country and the principles of the Decla- 
ration of Independence. Let us make up our mind that when we do 
put a new star upon our banner it shall be a fixed one, never to be 
dimmed by the horrors of war, but brightened by the contentmicnt and 
prosperity of peace. Let us go on to extend the area of our useful- 




3o8 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



ness, add star upon star, until their light shall shine upon five hundred 
millions of a free and happy people. — Abraham Lincoln^ on raising- a 
new flag over Independence Hall, Philadelphia, February 22, 1861. 

THE STRIPES AND THE STARS. 

O Star Spangled Banner! The flag of our pride! 
Though trampled by traitors and basely defied, 
Fling out to the glad winds your red, white and blue, 
For the heart of the Northland is beating for you! 
And her strong arm i«5 nerving to strike with a will, 
Till the foe and his boastings are humbled and still! 
Here's welcome to wounding and combat and scars 
And the glory of death, for the Stripes and the Stars! 

I From prairie, O ploughman! speed boldly away, 

j There's seed to be sown in God's furrows to-day! 

I Row landward, lone fisher! stout woodman, come home! 

I Let smith leave his anvil, and weaver his loom, 

! And hamlet and city ring loud with the cry: 

;' *' For God and our country we'll fight till we die! 

I Here's welcome to wounding and combat and scars 
And the glory of death, for the Stripes and the Stars ! " 



Invincible banner! the flag of the free. 
Oh, where treads the foot that would falter for thee? 
Or the hands to be folded till triumph is won 
And the eagle looks proud, as of old, to the sun? 
Give tears for the parting, a murmur of prayer, 
Then forward! the fame of our standard to share! 
With welcome to wounding and combat and scars 
And the glory of death, for the Stripes and the Stars! 



I 



O God of our fathers! this banner must shine 
Where battle is hottest, in warfare divine! 
The cannon has thundered, the bugle has blown, 
We fear not the summons, we fight not alone! 
O lead us, till wide from the gulf to the sea 
The land shall be sacred to freedom and Thee! 
With love for oppression; with blessing for scars. 
One Country, one Banner, the Stripes and the Stars! 

— Edna Demi Proctor. 



THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. 



309 



In the ceremonies at Philadelphia, I was, for the first time, allowed 
the privilege of standing in old Independence Hall. * >i= * My 
friends there had provided a magnificent flag of the country. They 
had arranged it so that I was given the honor of raising it to the head 
of its staff. And when it went up, I was pleased that it went up to 
its place by the strength of my own feeble arm. When, according 
to the arrangement, the cord was pulled, and it floated gloriously to 
the wind without an accident, in the light, glowing sunshine of the 
morning, I could not help hoping that there was in the entire success 
of that beautiful ceremony at least something of an omen of what is 
to come. How could I help feeling then, as I often have felt, in the 
whole of that proceeding I was a very humble instrument? 

I had not provided the flag; I had not made the arrangements for 
elevating it to its place. I had applied but a very small portion of 
my feeble strength in raising it. In the whole transaction, I was in 
the hands of the people who had arranged it. And, if I can have the 
same generous co-operation of the people of the nation, I think the 
flag of our country may still be kept flaunting gloriously. — Abraham 
Lincoln, Address to the Legislature, Harrisburg, February 22, 1861. 



OUR COUNTRY AND FLAG. 



■\ 



Hail, brightest banner that floats on the gale! 
Flag of the country of Washington, hail! 
Red are thy stripes with the blood of the brave; 
Bright are thy stars as the sun on the wave; 
Wrapt in thy folds are the hopes of the free. 
Banner of Washington! blessings on thee! 



Traitors shall perish, and treason shall fail: 
Kingdoms and thrones in thy glory grow pale! 
Thou shalt live on, and thy people shall own 
Loyalty's sweet, when each heart is thy throne: 
Union and Freedom thine heritage be. 
Country of Washington! blessings on thee! 

— William E. Robinson. 



3IO 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



OUR FLAG IS there! 



Our flag is there, our flag is there, 

We'll hail it with three loud huzzas. 
Our flag is there, our flag is there, 

Behold the glorious Stripes and Stars. 
Stout hearts have fought for that bright flag, 

Strong hands sustained it mast-head high. 
And, oh, to see how proud it waves, 

Brings tears of joy in every eye. 



That flag has stood the battle's roar, 

With foemen stout, with foemen brave; 
Strong hands have sought that flag to lower. 

And found a speedy watery grave. 
That flag is known on every shore, 

The standard of a gallant band: 
Alike unstained in peace or war, 

It floats o'er Freedom's happy land. 

^-American Naval Officer, 1812. 



OUR FLAG. 



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THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH, 

THE FLAG. 
Let it idly droop, or sway 

To the wind's light wall: 
Furl its stars, or float in day, 

Flutter, or be still! 
It has held its colors bright. 

Through the war-smoke dun: 
Spotless emblem of the rights 

Whence success was won. 



In the gathering hosts of hope. 

In the march of man, 
Open for it place and scope. 

Bid it lead the van. 
Till beneath the searching skies 

Martyr-blood be found, 
Purer than our sacrifice. 

Crying from the ground. 

Till a flag with some new light 

Out of Freedom's sky, 
Kindles through the gulfs of night 

Holier blazonry. 
Let it glow, the darkness drown! 

Give our banner sw^ay. 
Till its joyful stars go down 

In undreamed-of Day! 

— Lucy Larcom. 

COLUMBIA, THE GEM OF THE OCEAN. 

O Columbia, the gem of the ocean. 

The home of the brave and the free. 
The shrine of each patriot's devotion, 

A world offers homage to thee. 
Thy mandates make heroes assemble. 

When Liberty's form stands in view; 
Thy banners make tyranny tremble. 

When borne by the Red, White and Blue. 

Chorus: When borne by the Red, White, and Blue, 

When borne by the Red^ White, and Blue, 

Thy banners make tyranny tremble 
When borne by the Red, White, and Blue. 



313 



3H 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

I When war winged its wide desolation. 

And threatened the land to deform, 
The ark then of Freedom's foundation, 

Columbia, rode safe through the storm. 
With the garlands of victory around her, 

When so proudly she bore her brave crew, 
With her flag proudly floating before her. 
The boast of the Red, White, and Blue. 

— David T. Skaw. 

O'er the high and o'er the lowly 

Floats that banner bright and holy, 
I In the rays of Freedom's sun, 

( In the nation's heart imbedded, 

I O'er our Union newly wedded, 

j One in all, and all in one. 

i Let that banner wave forever, 

i May its lustrous stars fade never. 

Till the stars shall pale on high: 
; While there's right the wrong defeating, 

; While there's hope in true hearts beating, 

I Truth and freedom shall not die. 

As it floated long before us, 
Be it ever floating o'er us, 
; O'er our land from shore to shore: 

; There are freemen yet to wave it, 

1 Millions who would die to save it. 

Wave it, save it, evermore! 

— Dexter Smith. 

All nature sings wildiy the song of the free, 

The Red, White, and Blue float o'er land and o'er sea: 

The White, in each billow that breaks on the shore, 

The Blue, in the arching that canopies o'er 

The land of our birth in its glory outspread. 

And sunset dyes deepen and glow into red: 

Day fades into night and the red stripe retires, 

But stars o'er the blue light their sentinel fires; 

And though night be gloomy, with clouds overspread, 

Each star holds its place in the field overhead. 

When scatter the clouds and the tempest is through, 

We count every star in the field of the blue. 

— Aftonvmcus. 



THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. 



315 



It is the flag- of history. Those thirteen stripes tell the story of 
our colonial struggle, of the days of '76. They speak of the savage 
wilderness, of old Independence Hall, of Valley Forge,, and Yorktown. 
Those stars tell the story of our nation's growth, how it has come 
from weakness to strength, until its gleam, in the sunrise over the 
forests of Maine, crimsons the sunset's dying beams on the golden 
sands of California. — 5'. L. Waterbury. 

The stars of our morn on our banner borne, '^\ 

With the iris of Heaven are blended, 
The hands of our sires first mingled those fires, 

By us they shall be defended! 
Then hail the true, the Red, White, and Blue, 

The flag of the " Constellation: " 
It sails as it sailed, by our forefathers hailed. 

O'er battles that made us a nation. 

****** 
Peace, peace to the world, is our motto unfurled, 

Tho' we shun not a field that is gory: 
At home or abroad, fearing none but our God; 

We will carve out our pathway to glory 1 

— Thomas Buchanan Read. 

In radiance heavenly fair, 

Floats on the peaceful air I 

That flag that never stooped from victory's pride: ; 

Those stars that softly gleam, 

Those stripes that o'er us stream, ,' 

In war's grand agony were sanctified: ' 

A holy standard, pure and free \ 

To light the home of peace, or blaze in victory. 

— F. Marion Crazvford. 

Washed in the blood of the brave and the blooming, 

Snatched from the altars of insolent foes, 
Burning with star fires, but never consuming, 

Flash its broad ribbons of lily and rose. j 

***** I 

God bless the flag and its loyal defenders, i 

While its broad folds over the battle-field wave, 1 

Till the dim star-wreath rekindle its splendors, >. 

Washed from its stains in the blood of the brave! ^ 

— Oliver Wendell Holmes. 



^l6 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



THE AMERICAN FLAG. 

When Freedom, from her mountain height, 

Unfurled her standard to the air, 
She tore the azure robe of Night, 
And set the stars of glory there. 
She mingled with its gorgeous dyes 
The milky baldric of the skies, 
And striped its pure, celestial white. 
With streakings of the morning light: 
Then, from his mansion in the sun, 
She called her eagle bearer down, 
And gave into his mighty hand 
The symbol of her chosen land. 



Flag of the free heart's hope and home! 

By angel hands to valor given! 
Thy stars have lit the welkin dome, 

And all thy hues were born in Heaven. 
Forever float that standard sheet! 

Where breathes the foe but falls before us. 
With Freedom's soil beneath our feet. 

And Freedom's banner streaming o'er us? 

— /. Rodman Drake. 

Thou lofty ensign of the free. 

May every land thy glory know. 
And every freeman cling to thee. 

While breezes 'mid thy folds shall flow. 
May hand, and heart, and hopes, and zeal, 

Be ever by thy form inspired, 
And, should it shake the commonweal. 

May every soul by thee be fired. 
Each patriot heart discern amid thy form, 
A beacon star in the battle storm. 

— /. C. Pray, Jr. 



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From Levermore's " Academy Song Book." Published by Ginn & Co, By permission. 



THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. 



319 



Every nation has its flag. Every ship in foreign waters is known 
by the colors she shows at her peak. When we were colonies of Eng- 
land, we sailed and fought under her flag. We finally rebelled; it was 
nothing less; and to England our George Washington was merely a 
leading rebel. We were thirteen little States, fringed along on the 
Atlantic coast, with the unbroken forest behind us, and among the 
great family of nations we had neither place nor name. We had to 
fight to obtain due respect from all the great old nations who were 
looking on. Of course, we had no flag; we had to earn that too. 
Our army at Cambridge celebrated New Year's Day, January i, 1776, 
by unfurling for the first time in an American camp the flag of thirteen 
stripes. On the 14th of June, 1776, Congress, which met then in 
Philadelphia, settled upon our style of flag. " It shall have," said 
they, *' thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; and the union of the 
States shall be indicated by thirteen stars, white, in a blue field, repre- 
senting a new constellation." They followed up the adoption of a 
flag by a Declaration of Independence; and then we went to fighting 
harder than ever, and France acknowledged our independence, and 
helped us to make England acknowledge it. Afterward it was decided 
to add another star for every new State as it joined the Union. So 
that the constellation, as it is now, with forty-five stars in it, has grown 
a good deal from the original thirteen. But the stripes still remain 
the same in number, to remind us of the first little band of States 
" who fought it out " against Great Britain. — Kate Foote. 



Stream, Old Glory, bear your stars 

High among the seven; 
Stream a watchfire on the dark, 

And make a sign in Heaven! 
Out upon the four v^^inds blow, 

Tell the world your story: 
Thrice in heart's blood dipped before 

They called your name Old Glory! 



When from sky to sky you float, 

Far in wide savannas, 
Vast horizons lost in light 

Answer with hosannas. 



320 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM, 

Symbol of unmeasured power, 

Blessed promise sealing^ 
All your hills are hills of God, 

And all your founts are healing. 

Still to those, the wronged of earth, 

Sanctuary render: 
For hope, and home, and Heaven they see 

Within your sacred splendor! 
Stream, Old Glory, bear your stars 

High among the seven: 
Stream a watchfire on the dark, 



j And make a sign in Heaven! 



— Harriet Prescott Spofford. 



THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER. 

Oh, say, can you see by the dawn's early light 
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming, 

Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight, 
O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming? 

And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air. 

Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there: 

Oh, say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave 

O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave? 

On that shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep, 

Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, 
What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, 

As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses? 
Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, 
In full glory reflected, now shines on the stream: 
'Tis the star-spangled banner — Oh, long may it wave 
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! 
******* 
Oh, thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand 

Between their loved homes and the war's desolation! 
Blest with victory and peace, may the heaven-rescued land 

Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation. 
Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just; 
And this be our motto: "In God is our trust;" 
And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave 
O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave! 

— Francis Scott Key. 



THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. 321 



SALUTE THE FLAG. 

Off with your hat as the flag goes by! 

And let the heart have its say: 
You're man enough for a tear in your eye 

That you will not wipe away. 

You're man enough for a thrill that goes 

To your very finger tips — 
Ay! the lump just then in your throat that rose, 

Spoke more than your parted lips. 

Lift up your boy on your shoulder high, 

And show him the faded shred; 
Those stripes would be red as the sunset sky 

If death could have dyed them red. 

Off with your hat as the flag goes by! 

Uncover the youngster's head; 
Teach him to hold it holy and high 

For the sake of its sacred dead. 

— H. C. Bunner. 

OLD FLAG FOREVER. 

She's up there, — Old Glory, — where lightnings are sped; 

She dazzles the nations with ripples of red; 

And she'll wave for us living, or droop o'er us dead, — 

The flag of our country forever! 
She's up there, — Old Glory, — how bright the stars stream! 
And the stripes, like red signals of liberty, gleam! 
And we dare for her, living, 'or dream the last dream^ 

'Neath the flag of our country forever! 
She's up there, — Old Glory, — no tyrant-dealt scars^ 
No blur on her brightness, no stain on her stars! 
The brave blood of heroes hath crimsoned her bars. 

She's the flag of our country forever. 

— Frank L. Stanton. 

THE BANNER OF THE STARS. ~^-- 

We'll never have a new flag, for ours is the true flag. 

The true flag, the true flag, the Red, White, and Blue flag. 

Hurrah! boys, hurrah! we will carry to the wars 

The old flag, the free flag, the Banner of the stars! 

And what tho' its white shall be crimsoned with our blood? 

And what tho' its stripes shall be shredded in the storms? 
To the torn flag, the worn flag, we'll keep our promise good. 

And we'll bear the starry blue flag with gallant hearts and arms. 

21 — R.W. Raymond. 



322 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

The flag of a nation is the sign of its sovereignty. The American 
flag is but the historic parallel of older nations, and yet it stands alone 
in this — that from the day it was first unfurled in the breeze it has 
stood for manly independence and a people's government. It has 
never been sullied by ignoble conquests, and it has been glorified by 
the proudest possible service in the cause of human freedom. 

And it is a curious fact that it is the oldest flag among the great 
nations of the world in its characteristic present form. Most of the 
older nations have modified the design of their flags within a .hundred 
years, while ours remains unchanged. 

What splendid memories cluster about this beautiful flag! What 
heroic deeds have made immortal the gallant volunteer heroes who 
have defended it through all its perils and triumphs of over 120 years^ 
as it has floated in the van of the march of American progress and 
civilization on this continent! — Albert D. Shaw, Commander-in-Chief 
(1899-1900) G. A. R. 

The history of our country is grandly illustrated in our Stars and 
Stripes. New stars have been added to its field of blue as new States 
have been admitted into our Union. It had its origin in the era of 
Washington, when our republic was estabhshed, and it had its greatest 
trial in the epoch of Lincoln, when the mightiest civil war of the world 
tested its power and vindicated its supreme control and command over 
the discordant elements arrayed in deadly and brave attempt to destroy 
it. To-day this flag stands for no one party or section, but floats over 
the whole country, one and undivided, without sectional hates, united 
in the bonds of universal liberty and in the sentiments of an inspiring 
American civilization. It is the proud sign of peace among ourselves 
and with all the world. — Albert D, Shaw, 

Our beautiful flag is surrounded by touching memories and asso- 
ciations. Its bright stripes and fair stars are perishable, but the senti- 
ments it teaches, like the spirit of liberty, can never die. " These shall 
resist the Empire of decay, when time is o'er and worlds have passed 
away." Let it be treasured as one of the greatest inspiring factors in 



THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. 



323 



the blessed work of science and art here devoted to the uplifting of the 
youth of our land along the plane of peace and happiness^ and may it 
inspire coming generations to 

Stand by the flag! Its folds have streamed in glory^ 

To foes a fear, to friends a festal robe; 
And spread in rhythmic lines the sacred story, 

Of Freedom's triumphs over all the globe. 

Stand by the flag! On land and ocean billow. 

By it our fathers stood, unmoved and true; 
Living, defended; dying, for their pillow, 

With their last blessing, passed it on to you. 

Stand by the flag! All doubt and treason scorning, 
Believe, with courage firm and faith sublime. 

That it will float until the eternal morning 
Pales in its glories all the lights of time. 

— Extract from address presenting flag to the Brooklyn Institute of 
Arts and Sciences, from Albert D. Shaw. 



HATS off! 

Hats off! 

Along the street there comes 

A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums, 

A flash of color beneath the sky: 
Hats off! 

The flag is passing by! 

Blue and crimson and white it shines, 

Over the steel-tipped, ordered lines. 

Hats oflf! 

The colors before us fly; 

But more than the flag is passing by. 



Sea-fights and land-fights, grim and great. 
Fought to make and to save the State; 
Weary marches and sinking ships; 
Oieers of victory on dying lips; 



324 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Days of plenty and years of peace, 
March of a strong land's swift increase: 
Equal justice, right and law. 
Stately honor and reverent awe; 

Sign of a nation, great and strong 

To ward her people from foreign wrong; 

Pride and glory and honor, all 

Live in the colors to stand or fall. 

Hats off! 

Along the street there comes 

A blare of bugles, a rufifle of drums; 

And loyal hearts are beating high: 
Hats off! 

The flag is passing by! 

— H. H. Bennett . 

MONTEREY. 

.: 
We were not many, we who stood ' 

Before the iron sleet that day; 
Yet many a gallant spirit would 
Give half his years if but he could 
Have been with us at Monterey. 

Now here, now there, the shot it hailed 

In deadly drifts of fiery spray, 
Yet not a single soldier quailed 
When wounded comrades round them wailed 

Their dying shout at Monterey. 

And on, still on our column kept 

Through walls of flame its withering way; 
Where fell the dead, the living stept, 
Still charging on the guns which swept I 

The slippery streets of Monterey. V 

■it 

The foe himself recoiled aghast, 

When, striking where he strongest lay, ;; 

We swooped his flanking batteries past, ? 

And braving full their murderous blast, 

Stormed home the towers of Monterey. 



THE FLAG MAKES SACRED JUNE FOURTEENTH. 325 

Our banners on those turrets wave, 

And there our evening bugles play; 
Where orange-boughs above their grave, 
Keep green the memory of the brave 

Who fought and fell at Monterey. 



We are not many, we who pressed 

Beside the brave who fell that day; 
But who of us has not confessed 
He'd rather share their warrior rest 

Than not have been at Monterey? 

— Charles Fenno Hoffman. 



THE TWO FLAGS. 

On leaving England a few years ago Miss Willard saw from the 
hansom in which she was riding along Piccadilly the London omnibus, 
with its English flag at the front, whereupon there came into her mind 
the words: " With its red for love, and its white for law, and its blue 
for the hope that our fathers saw of a larger liberty." This was pen- 
ciled at the moment, and on the train en route for Southampton to 
take the steamship for New York, Miss Willard wrote the accompany- 
ing lines, leaving them as a goodbye tribute in the hand of her friend. 
Lady Henry Somerset: 

The eyes that follow thee, old flag, are fond, 

A Western heart leaps up thy folds to greet, 
A Saxon's eyes confess the sacred bond 

As England's standard flutters down the street, 
With its red for love, and its white for law, 

And its blue for the hope that our fathers saw 
Of a larger liberty. 



Thou art the mother flag of destiny, 

Our banner of the spangled stars is trine; 

Cromwell was sire of Washington and we 

Claim the same cross that blazons thy ensign. 

With its red for love, and its white for law. 
And its blue for the hope that our fathers saw 
Of a larger liberty. 



326 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

O, holy flags, bright with one household glow, 

Together light the highway of our God 
Till the dear cross of Christ to men shall show 

That stripes and stars both mark the path he trod. 
With their red for love, and their white for law, 

And their blue for the hope that our fathers saw 
Of a larger liberty. 

The long march of the nations shall be led 

By these two flags — till war and tumult cease 
Along the happy highway where shall tread 

The brotherhood of labor and of peace, 
With their red for love, and their white for law, 
And their blue for the hope that our fathers saw 
Of a larger liberty. 

— Miss Frances E. Willard. 

Wherever civilization dwells, or the name of Washington is known, 
it bears on its folds the concentrated power of armies and navies, and 
surrounds the votaries with a defense more impregnable than a battle- 
ment of wall or tower. Wherever on earth's surface an American 
citizen may wander, called by pleasure, business, or caprice, it is a 
shield, securing him against wrong and outrage. — Gahisha A. Grow. 



MY COUNTRY, 'TIS OF THEE. 



Samuel Francis Smith. 



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MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 
SELECTIONS 

IN 

PROSE AND POETRY 

ON 

Patriotism. Liberty. 

Declaration of Independence. Union. 

Constitution of the United Citizenship. 
States. 



The Nobility of Labor. 
(329) 




PATRIOTISM. 

efforts to cultivate the spirit of loyalty and patriotism 
can, we believe, be more beneficial in their influence or 
lasting in their results than those which are directed to- 
wards the rising generation which is preparing for the 
duties of citizenship. Whatever can be done to create in 
the minds of the young an enthusiastic devotion to their country 
will contribute much to the well-being of the repubHc. We believe 
that the cultivation of this spirit should form a necessary part of every 
system of education. But it seems especially fitting that efforts of 
this kind should be made in connection with that part of our educational 
system which is supported by the pubHc. Our public schools are an 
essential part of the American system. In them are being trained the 
reserve forces of our country; and they afford the best field, not only 
for diffusing an intelligent knowledge of our institutions, but also for 
cultivating that deep, patriotic impulse without which no nation can 
long exist. — From Report of Committee, New York Department, G. A. R., 
on " The Teachings of Civics and History." — Prof. W. C. Morey, 
Chairman. 

The one who would appreciate the greatness and true significance 
of American civilization must understand the sources of its develop- 
ment, the conditions of its growth, and the process of its evolution. 
He must imbibe the spirit of liberty, which in great measure prompted 
the colonization of this land. He must study the foundations of our 
local governments as they were laid by the early colonists, and follow 
these pioneers of the new world through the vicissitudes of their indus- 
trial, religious and political life. He must understand the nature of 
those constitutional rights to which they tenaciously clung and from 
which arose the majestic fabric of our free institutions. He must be 

translated to the days of 1776 and comprehend the great questions 

(331) 



232 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

involved in the War of Independence. He must enter into the strug- 
gles which attended the formation of the Constitution. He must 
understand the terrific issues which culminated in the Civil War, and 
the political principles which by that war became established. He 
must, in fine, see in the successive stages of our history the progressive 
growth of a great republic, stretching from ocean to ocean, which is 
at once democratic, representative and federative, '' an indissoluble 
Union of indestructible States." To eliminate emotion from the study 
of our country's history would be as difficult as to repress the feeling 
of awe when contemplating the grandeur of its natural scenery. There 
are elements of greatness and sublimity in the expanding life of our 
nation which cannot fail to touch the soul of any sympathetic student. 
— Report, G. A. R., as above. 

The kind of patriotism which we, as survivors of the Civil War, 
would seek to promote and foster in the young is not a spirit boni 
of discord and strife, but a sentiment inspired by the love of our com- 
mon country, and a desire that all its citizens may be bound together 
by the possession of common rights and the recognition of common 
duties. It was for the preservation of the Union and the integrity of 
American institutions that we once fought, and it is for the same 
objects that we would still continue to labor. We are proud of the 
records of the war for the Union, but we are more proud of the Union 
which that w^ar made perpetual. Not in the humiHation of the men 
who were defeated, but in the vindication of the principles which were 
triumphant, do we most sincerely rejoice. " With malice towards 
none, but with charity for all," we would maintain the unity and the 
honor of our great republic, the supremacy of its laws, and the spirit 
of absolute loyalty which must everywhere form an element of the 
truest citizenship. With all due respect for the bonds of local interest 
and the obligation of party ties, we believe in a patriotism which is not 
confined to any section or to any party, but which is as broad as the 
boundaries of our great nation, and which comprehends in its scope 
the highest welfare of the whole American people. — Report, G. A. R., 
as above. 



SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM. 333 

The power that guided our fathers across the water and planted 
their feet on Plymouth Rock; the power that gave victory against the 
mother country, and assured our independence; the power that kept 
our Union from being torn asunder in civil strife, and freed the slave, 
and made us in fact, as in name, a nation; the power that gave us 
Manila Bay and Santiago Harbor, and the fertile island of Porto Rico, 
w4th loss of life so small that the story seems like the record of a 
miracle in the far Judean age: that selfsame power will keep and guide 
our flag in its goings across the Pacific seas, if we go, not for conquest, 
but for humanity, for civilization, and for liberty. — Stewart L. Wood- 
ford, Speech at New England Dinner, in New York. 

We cannot honor our country with too deep a reverence; we 
cannot love her with an affection too pure and fervent; we cannot 
serve her with an energy of purpose or a faithfulness of zeal too stead- 
fast and ardent. And what is our country? It is not the East, with 
her hills and her valleys, with her countless sails, and the rocky ram- 
parts of her shore. It is not the North, with her thousand villages, 
and her harvest-home, with her frontiers of the lake and the ocean. 
It is not the West, with her forest-sea and her inland isles, with her 
luxuriant expanses, clothed in the verdant corn, with her beautiful 
Ohio, and her majestic Missouri. Nor is it yet the South, opulent 
in the mimic snow of the cotton, in the rich plantations of the rustling 
cane, and in the golden robes of the rice-field. What are these but 
the sister families of one greater, better, holier family, our country? 
Be assured that we cannot, as patriot scholars, think too highly of that 
country, or sacrifice too much for her. — Thomas S. Grimke. 

With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the 
right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the 
work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who 
shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphans — to 
do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among 
ourselves and with all nations. — Abraham Lincoln. 



/ 



334 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM, 

A man's country is not a certain area of land, but it is a principle, 
and patriotism is loyalty to that principle. So, with passionate hero- 
ism of which tradition is never weary of tenderly telling, Arnold von 
Winkelried gathers into his bosom the sheaf of foreign spears. So 
Nathan Hale, disdaining no service his country demands, perishes 
untimely, with no other friend than God and a satisfied sense of duty. 
So George Washington, at once comprehending the scope of the 
destiny to which his country was devoted, with one hand puts aside 
the crown, and with the other sets his slaves free. So, through all 
history, from the beginning, a noble army of martyrs has fought fiercely, 
and fallen bravely for that unseen mistress, their country. So, through 
all history to the end, as long as men believe in God, that army must 
still march, and fight and fall, — recruited only from the flower of 
mankind, cheered only by their own hope of humanity, strong only 
in their confidence in their cause. — George William Curtis. 

Observe good faith and justice toward all nations; cultivate peace 
and harmony with all. Religion and morality enjoin this conduct; 
and can it be that good policy does not equally enjoin it? It will be 
worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at no distant period, a great nation, 
to give to mankind the magnanimous and too novel example of a 
people always guided by exalted justice and benevolence. Who can 
doubt that, in the course of time and things, the fruits of such a plan 
would richly repay any temporary advantages which might be lost by 
a steady adherence to it? Can it be that Providence has not connected 
the permanent felicity of a nation with its virtue? The experiment, 
at least, is recommended by every sentim.ent which ennobles hunian 
nature. — George Washington. 

Is patriotism a narrow affection for the spot where a man was 
born? Are the very clods where we tread entitled to- this ardent 
preference because they are greener? No, this is not the character 
of the virtue, and it soars higher for its object. It is an extended self- 
love, mingling with all the enjoyments of life, and twisting itself with 
the minutest filaments of the heart. It is thus we obey the laws of 



^ 



SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM. 335 

society, because they are the laws of virtue. In their authority we see, 
not the array of force and terror, but the venerable image of our coun- 
try's honor. Every good citizen makes that honor his own, and 
cherishes it^ not only as precious but as sacred. He is willing to risk 
his life in its defense, and is conscious that he gains protection while 
he gives it. — Fisher Ames. 

What is it to be an American? Putting aside all the outer shows 
of dress and manners, social customs and physical peculiarities, is it 
not to believe in America, and in the American people? Is it not to 
have an abiding and moving faith in the future and in the destiny of 
America? — something above and beyond the patriotism and love 
which every man whose soul is not dead within him feels toward the 
land of his birth? Is it not to be national, and not sectional, inde- 
pendent, and not colonial? Is it not to have a high conception of 
what this great new country should be, and to follow out that ideal 
with loyalty and truth? — Henry Cabot Lodge. 

And how is the spirit of a free people to be formed and animated 
and cheered, but out of the storehouse of its historic recollections? 
Are we to be eternally ringing the changes upon Marathon and Ther- 
mopylae; and going back to read in obscure texts of Greek and Latin 
of the exemplars of patriotic virtue? I thank God that we can find 
them nearer home, in our own country, on our own soil; that strains 
of the noblest sentiment that ever swelled in the breast of man are 
breathing to us out of every page of our country's history, in the native 
eloquence of our native tongue; that the colonial and provincial coun- 
cils of America exhibit to us models of the spirit and character which 
gave Greece and Rome their name and their praise among nations. 
Here we may go for our instruction; the lesson is plain, it is clear, it - 
is applicable. — Edward Everett, _^--- 

Have we not learned that not stocks nor bonds nor stately houses 
nor lands nor the product of the mill is our country? It is a spiritual 
thought that is in our minds. It is the flag and what it stands for. 



336 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



y 



It is its glorious history. It is the fireside and the home. It is the 
high thoughts that are in the heart, born of the inspiration which 
comes by the stories of their fathers, the martyrs to Hberty; it is the 
graveyards into which our careful country has gathered the uncon- 
scious dust of those who have died. Here, in these things, is that 
which we love and call our country, rather than in anything that can 
be touched or handled. — Benjamin Harrison. 

I was born an American; I live an American; I shall die an 
American; and I intend to perform the duties incumbent upon me 
in that character to the end of my career. I mean to do this with 
absolute disregard of personal consequences. What are personal con- 
sequences? What is the individual man, with all the good or evil that 
may betide him, in comparison with the good or evil which may befall 
a great country, and in the midst of great transactions which concern 
that country's fate? Let the consequences be what they will, I am 
careless. No man can suiter too much, and no man can fall too soon, 
if he suiYer, or if he fall, in the defense of the liberties and constitution 
of his country. — Daniel Webster. 

I have seen my countrymen, and I have been with them, a fellow- 
wanderer, in other lands; and little did I see or feel to warrant the appre- 
hension, sometimes expressed, that foreign travel would weaken our 
patriotic attachments. One sigh for home — home, arose from all 
hearts. And why, from palaces and courts, why, from galleries of the 
arts, where the marble softened into life, and painting shed an almost liv- 
ing presence of beauty around it, why, from the mountain's awful brow, 
and the lonely valleys and lakes touched with the sunset hues of old 
romance, why, from those venerable and touching ruins to which our 
very heart grows, why, from all these scenes, were they looking beyond 
the swellings of the Atlantic wave, to a dearer and holier spot on 
earth, — their own country? Doubtless, it was, in part, because it is 
their country! But it was also, as everyone's experience will testify, 
because they knew that there was no oppression, no pitiful exaction 
of petty tyranny; because that there they knew was no accredited and 



SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM. 337 

irresistible religious domination; because that there they knew they 
should not meet the odious soldier at every corner, nor swarms of 
imploring beggars, the victims of misrule; that tJiere no curse cause- 
less did fall^ and no blight worse than plague and pestilence did descend 
amidst the pure dews of heaven; because, in fine, that there they knew 
was liberty — upon all the green hills and amidst all the peaceful vil- 
lages — liberty,, the wall of fire around the humblest home; the crown 
of glory, studded with her ever-blazing stars, upon the proudest man- 
sion. — Orville Dewey. 

Here in this sylvan seclusion, amid the sunshine and the singing of 
birds, we raise the statue of the Pilgrim, that in this changeless form 
the long procession of the generations which shall follow us may see 
what manner of man he was to the outward eye, whom history and 
tradition have so often flouted and traduced, but who walked undis- 
mayed the solitary heights of duty and of everlasting service to man- 
kind. Here let him stand, the soldier of a free church, calmly defying 
the hierarchy, the builder of a free state serenely confronting the con- 
tinent which he shall settle and subdue. The unspeaking lips shall 
chide our unworthiness, the lofty mien exalt our littleness, the unblench- 
ing eye invigorate our weakness, and the whole poised and firmly 
planted form reveal the unconquerable moral energy — the master 
force of American civiHzation. So stood the sentinel on Sabbath 
morning, guarding the plain house of prayer while wife and child and 
neighbor worshipped within. So mused the Pilgrim in the rapt sun- 
set hour on the New England shore, his soul caught up into the daz- 
zling vision of the future, beholding the glory of the nation that should 
be. And so may that nation stand, forever and forever, the mighty 
guardian of human liberty, of godhke justice, of Christlike brother- 
hood. — George William Curtis, from oration on '' The Pilgrim." 

Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this 

continent a new nation, conceived in hberty, and dedicated to the 

proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in 

a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so con- 

22 



338 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



ceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great 
battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that 
field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that 
that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we 
should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot 
consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and 
dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor 
power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remem- 
ber, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. 
It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished 
work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. 
It i€ rather for us to be here dedicated tO' the great task remaining 
before us, that from these honored dead we take increased devotion 
to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; 
that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, 
that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and 
that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall 
not perish from the earth. — Abraham Lincoln, Speech at Gettysburg. 

-"tr***- Believe in your country, — be Americans. Give what you can of 
your time and thought to your country's service. Give as much as 
you can, but in any event take an interest in public affairs and do 
something. Whether partisan or independent, strive to be just, and 
to see things as they are. The men who are doing the work of the 
world are not perfect, and their work is not perfect, but it is under 
their impulse that the world moves. 

Live the life of your time, and take your share in its battles. You 
will be made, thereby, not only more effective, but more manly and 

""^-^ more generous. — Henry Cabot Lodge. 



*A«v I believe in that old-fashioned patriotism which places America 

; before all the world beside. I believe that the man vv^ho is the best 

' father of a family is the best citizen, that a man who is the best patriot 

does the best service to his fellow-man. 

/ I remember reading, a short time ago, a little story about a Celtic 

( regiment called the '' Black Watch," which had been gone from hom.e 



SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM, 339 

for many years, and when it landed upon the shores again the men 
sprang from the boats and immediately kneeled down and kissed the 
sands of Galway. That's the kind of patriotism we want nowadays. 
The patriotism that loves the soil upon which we tread, that loves the 
air that surrounds us here in America, that loves the Stars and Stripes 
because they represent this great republic. The patriotism that not 
only seeks to defend our institutions, but which seeks to elevate our 
manhood and womanhood. The institutions under which we live are, 
after all, but men. Our institutions are but the hearts, intelligence and 
conscience of the American people, and their permanence depends upon 
the quality of American manhood. — Hon. Charles T. Saxton, Lieuten- 
ant-Governor of the State of New York, Albany, N. Y., Lincoln's 
Birthday, 1895. 

Patriotism has come rather generally to be interpreted as a will- 
ingness to fight and die for one's country and its institutions. That 
answers very well for a definition of patriotism during times of war, 
but is generally deficient in that it allows no room for patriotism in 
times of peace. 

If a man loves his country, and is true to her institutions, and 
affectionately concerned for their quaHty and permanence, there will 
be something which he will be all the time doing in her behalf. Shoot- 
ing our national enemies is only a small and accidental part of the 
matter. What ou«r country needs most is men who will live for her 
rather than die for her^ but live for her while there is no shooting 
to be done. — Rev. Charles H. Parkhursf. 

And for your country, boy, and for that flag, never dream but oi\/ 
serving her as she bids you. No matter what happens to you, no 
matter who flatters you or abuses you, never look at another flag, 
never let a night pass but you pray God to bless that flag. Remem- 
ber, that behind all these men you have to do with, behind officers, and 
government, and people even, there is the Country Herself, your \ 
Country, and that you belong to Her as you do belong to your own 
mother. Stand by her as you would stand by your own mother. — 
Edward Everett Hale, in " The Man without a Country." 



340 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

FROM THE '' COMMEMORATION ODE." 

O beautiful, my country! Ours once more! 
Smoothing thy gold of war-dishevelled hair, 
O'er such sweet brows as never other wore, 
/ And letting thy set lips. 

Freed from wrath's pale eclipse, 
The rosy edges of thy smile lay bare. 
What words divine of lover or of poet 
Could tell our love and make thee know it, 
Among the nations bright beyond compare? 

j What were our lives without thee? 

I What all our lives to save thee? 

i We reck not what we gave thee; 

I We will not dare to doubt thee; 

/ But ask whatever else, and we will dare. 

I ( — lames Russell Lowell. 

j Patriotism is not only a legitimate sentiment, but a duty. There 

V*^ are countless reasons why, as Americans, we should love our native 
land. We may feel no scruples as Christians in welcoming and nourish- 
ing a peculiar affection for its winds and soil, its coast and hills, its 
memories and its flag. We cannot more efficiently labor for the good 
of all men than by pledging heart, brain, and hands to the service of 
keeping our country true to its mission, obedient to its idea. Our 
patriotism must draw its nutriment and derive its impulse from knowl- 
edge and love of the ideal America, as yet but partially reflected in 
our institutions, or in the general mind of the Republic. Thus quick- 
ened it will be both pure and practical. — T. Star?' King. 

THE patriot's ELYSIUM. 

J There is a land, of every land the pride, 

^ \ Beloved by Heaven o'er all the world beside; 

\ Where brighter suns dispense serener light, 

And milder moons emparadise the night. 
There is a spot of earth supremely blest, 
A dearer, sweeter spot than all the rest: 
Where man, creation's tyrant, casts aside 
His sword and scepter, pageantry and pride. 
While in his softened looks benignly blend 
The sire, the son, the husband, brother, friend. 
" Where shall that land, that spot of earth, be found? " 
Art thou a man? a patriot? look around! 
Oh, thou shalt find, howe'er thy footsteps roam, 
That land thy country, and that spot thy home! 

— James Montgomery. 



SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM. 



341 



In this extraordinary war, extraordinary developments have mani- 
fested themselves, such as have not been seen in former wars; and, 
among these manifestations, nothing has been more remarkable than 
these fairs for the relief of suffering soldiers and their families, and 
the chief agents in these fairs are the women of America! 

I am not accustomed to the use of language of eulogy. I have 
never studied the art of paying compHments to Vv^omen; but I must 
say that, if all that has been said by orators and poets since the crea- 
tion of the world in praise of women were applied to the women of 
America, it would not do them justice for their conduct during the 
war. 

I will close by saying, God bless the women of America! — 
Abraham Lincoln. 



MY COUNTRY, TIS OF THEE. 

My country, 'tis of thee. 
Sweet land of liberty, 

Of thee I sing: 
Land where my fathers died, 
Land of the pilgrim's pride, 
From every mountain side 

Let freedom ring. 

My native country, thee. 
Land of the noble, free; 

Thy name I love. 
I love thy rocks and rills. 
Thy woods and templed hills; 
My heart with rapture thrills 

Like that above. 

Let music swell the breeze, 
And ring from all the trees 

Sweet freedom's song. 
Let mortal tongues awake, 
Let all that breathe partake, 
Let rocks their silence break. 

The sound prolong. 



342 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



Our fathers' God, to Thee, 
Author of Hberty, 

To Thee we sing. 
Long may our land be bright 
With freedom's holy light: 
Protect us by Thy might, 

Great God, our King! 

— Samuel Francis Smith. 

Breathes there a man with soul so dead, 
Who never to himself hath said: 

"This is my own, my native land! " 
Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned. 
As home his footsteps he hath turned 

From wandering on a foreign strand? 
If such there breathes, go, mark him well — 
For him no minstrel raptures swell: 
High though his titles, proud his name, 
Boundless his wealth as wish can claim: 
Despite those titles, power and pelf, 
The v/retch concentred all in self. 
Living, shall forfeit all renown. 
And, doubly dying, shall go down 
To the vile dust, from whence he sprung, 
Unwept, unhonored, and unsung. 

— Sir Walter Scott. 

God bless our native land! 
Firm may she ever stand, 

Through storm and night! 
When the wild tempests rave, 
Ruler of wind and wave. 
Do Thou our country save 

By Thy great might. 



For her our prayer shall rise 
To God above the skies: 

On Him we wait. 
Thou, who art ever nigh. 
Guarding with watchful eye, 
To Thee aloud we cry, 

God save the State. 



John Sullivan Dwighi. 



SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM. 



343 



A man's country is not merely that of his birth^ so often a matter 
of chance, but the land of his happiness. Born in one quarter of the 
globe^, without attachment for its associations, he may become so 
bound up and identified with that of his adoption as to hold it in every 
respect as his own true native land. In this light do very many of our 
citizens consider America. It has afforded shelter and refuge; it has 
recognized the liberty that is theirs through a common humanity. 
In no other land is there like freedom in matters of conscience^ such 
recognition and appreciation of the great principles of religion, and 
the universal obligation of all men to seek the highest happiness of 
all. — Raphael Lasker. 

The first two words of the national motto are as much a part of it 
as the last. They have never been changed since their use began. 
They have been borne in every battle and on every march, by land or 
sea, in defeat as in victory. They are still blazoned on our escutcheon, 
and copied in every seal of office. May that motto never be mutilated 
or disowned. It should be written on the walls of the Capitol and on 
every statehouse. Its three words contain a faithful history; may 
they abide for ages, pledges of the future, as they are witnesses of the 
past. — David Dudley Field. 

THE BRAVE AT HOME. 

The maid who binds her warrior's sash 

With smile that well her pain dissembles, 
The while beneath her drooping lash 

One starry tear-drop hangs and trembles; 
Though Heaven alone records the tear, 

And Fame shall never know her story, 
Her heart has shed a drop as dear 

As e'er bedewed the field of glory! 

The wife who girds her husband's sword, 

'Mid little ones who weep or wonder, 
And bravely speaks the cheering word. 

What though her heart he rent asunder; 
Doomed nightly in her dreams to hear 

The bolts of death around him rattle, 
Hath shed as sacred blood as e'er 

Was poured upon the field of battle! 



344 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

The mother who conceals her grief 

While to her breast her son she presses, 
Then breathes a few brave words and brief, 

Kissing the patriot brow she blesses — 
With no one but her secret God 

To know the pain that weighs upon her, 
Sheds holy blood as e'er the sod 

Received on Freedom's field of honor! 

— Thomas Buchanan Read, 



Give us but a part of that devotion which glowed in the heart of 
the younger Pitt and of our own elder Adams, who, in the midst of 
their agonies, forgot not the countries they had lived for, but mingled 
with the spasms of their dying hour a last and imploring appeal to 
the Parent of all mercies that He would remember^ in eternal blessings, 
the land of their birth. Give us their devotion, give us that of the 
young enthusiast of Paris, who, listening to Mirabeau in one of his 
surpassing vindications of human rights, and, seeing him falling from 
his stand, dying, as a physician proclaimed, for the want of blood, 
rushed to the spot, and, as he bent over the expiring man, bared his 
arm for the lancet, and cried again and again, vvith impassioned voice, 
'' Here, take it, oh! take it from me! let me die so that Mirabeau and 
the liberties of my country may not perish! " Give us something only 
of such a love of country, and we are safe, forever safe; the troubles 
which shadow over and oppress us now will pass away like a summer 
cloud. Give us this and we can thank God and say, '' These, these, are 
my brethren, and Oh! this, this too, is my country! " — /. McDowelL 

The peace we have won is not a selfish truce of arms, but one 
whose conditions presage good to humanity. At Bunker Hill liberty 
was at stake, at Gettysburg the Union was the issue, before Manila 
and Santiago our armies fought, not for gain or revenge, but for 
human rights. They contended for the freedom of the oppressed, for 
whose welfare the United States has never failed to lend a hand to 
establish and uphold, and, I believe, never will. The glories of the 
war cannot be dimmed, but the result will be incomplete and unworthy 



SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM. 



345 



of us unless supplemented by civil victories harder possibly to win, in 
their way not less indispensable. We will have our difficulties and 
our embarrassments. They follow all victories and accompany all 
great responsibilities. They are inseparable from every great move- 
ment of reform. But American capacity has triumphed over all in the 
past. Doubts have in the end vanished. Apparent dangers have 
been averted or avoided, and our own history shows that progress has 
come so naturally and steadily on the heels of new and grave responsi- 
bilities that, as we look back upon the acquisition of territory by our 
fathers, we are filled with wonder that any doubt could have existed, or 
any apprehension could have been felt of the wisdom of their action 
or their capacity to grapple with the then untried and mighty prob- 
lems. The Republic is to-day larger, stronger, and better prepared 
than ever before for wise and profitable developments. Forever in the 
right, following the best impulses and clinging to high purposes, using 
properly and within right limits our power and opportunities, honorable 
reward must inevitably follow. — William McKinley. 

CENTENNIAL HYMN. \ 

Our fathers' God, from out whose hand 
The centuries fall like grains of sand, 
We meet to-day, united, free, 
And loyal to our land and Thee, 
To thank Thee for the era done, 
And trust thee for the opening one. 



Oh! make Thou us through centuries long, 
In Peace secure, in Justice strong: 
Around our gift of Freedom, draw 
The safeguards of Thy righteous law; 
And, cast in some diviner mould, 
Let the new cycle shame the old. 

— John Greenkaf Whittier. 



Let me say a word for a little more patriotism m the schools. We 
have little in our every-day life to arouse patriotic ardor. We have 
no frequent or great exhibitions of power; no army to stand in awe of; 
no royalty to worship; no emblems or ribbons to dazzle the eye; and 



346 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

but few national airs. We have elections so frequently, and then say 
such terribly hard things of each other, and about the management of 
government, that I imagine the children wonder what kind of a coun- 
try this is that they have been born into. There is no such inculcation 
of patriotism among our children as among the children of some other 
lands. If I had my way, I would hang the flag in every schoolroom, 
and I would spend an occasional hour in singing our best patriotic 
songs, in declaiming the masterpieces of our national oratory, and in 
rehearsing the proud story of our national life. — Andrew S, Draper. 

In the van of the progressive movement of civilization, our country 
alike greets the most ancient of nations, and the social fabric whose 
many centuries know no change. Further, she has garnered within 
her borders all colors, creeds, and minds. Providence has bidden 
America to train, educate, uplift, blend in fraternity, eastern and 
western, northern and southern humanity. Here, in these United 
States, is the grandest school of the brotherhood of man! Here, the 
conscience and religion are free! Here, the Fatherhood of God is 
best illustrated in church, in government, and in the human institutions 
which interpret Him! In the old countries, the people are feared and 
despised; here, the people are trusted, made responsible, allowed to 
govern themselves. Here, in marvellous harmony, local forms of free- 
dom are blended with central power. — William E. GrifHs. 

Bereft of Patriotism, the heart of a nation will be cold and cramped 
and sordid; the arts will have no enduring impulse, and commerce no 
invigorating soul; society will degenerate and the mean and vicious 
triumph. Patriotism is not a wild and glittering passion, but a glorious 
reality. The virtue that gave to Paganism its dazzling lustre, to Bar- 
barism its redeeming trait, to Christianity its heroic form, is not dead. 
It still lives to console, to sanctify humanity. It has its altar in every 
clime; its worship and festivities. — Thomas F. Meagher. 

The name of Republic is inscribed upon the most imperishable 
monuments of the species, and it is probable that it will continue to be 
associated, as it has been in all past ages, with whatever is heroic in 



SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM. 



347 



character, sublime in genius, and elegant and brilliant in the cultivation 
of art and letters. What land has ever been visited v/ith the influence 
of liberty that did not flourish like the spring? What people has ever 
worshipped at her altars without kindling with a loftier spirit, and 
putting forth more noble energies? Where has she ever acted that her 
deeds have not been heroic? Where has she ever spoken that her 
eloquence has not been triumphant and sublime? — Hugh S. Legare. 

The sheet anchor of the ship of state is the common school. 
Teach, first and last, Americanism. Let no youth leave the school 
without being thoroughly grounded in the history, the principles, and 
the incalculable blessings of American liberty. Let the boys be the 
trained soldiers of constitutional freedom, the girls the inteUigent lovers 
of freemen. — Chauncey M. Depew. 

No phrase ever embodied more truth than the oft-repeated one 
that '' Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty," and our work as patriots 
is no less binding to-day than in the days when we wore the army blue. 
Let it be our lofty aim to emulate the patriotism of those who gave 
their lives that Government of the People, by the People, and for the 
People, might not perish from the earth. — Oscar D. Robinson. 

Patriotism is one of the positive lessons to be taught in every 
school. Everything learned should be flavored with a genuine love of 
country. Every glorious fact in the nation's history should be em- 
phasized, and lovingly dwelt upon. The names of her illustrious 
citizens should be treasured in the memory. Every child should feel 
that he is entitled to a share, not only in the blessings conferred by a 
free government, but also in the rich memories and glorious achieve- 
ments of his country. — Richard Edwards. 

A man's country is not a certain area of land, of mountains, rivers, 
and woods, but it is principle ; and patriotism is loyalty to that principle. 
In poetic minds and in popular enthusiasm, this feeling becomes closely 
associated with the soil and the symbols of the country. But the 
secret sanctification of the soil and the symbol is the idea which they 
represent; and this idea the patriot worships, through the name and 



348 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



the symbol, as a lover kisses with rapture the glove of his mistress and 
wears a lock of her hair upon his heart. — George W. Curtis. 

I am no pessimist as to this Republic. I always bet on sunshine 
in America. I know that my country has reached the point of perilous 
greatness, and that strange forces, not to be measured or compre- 
hended, are hurrying her to heights that dazzle and blind all mortal 
eyes, but I know that beyond the uttermost glory is enthroned the 
Lord God Almighty, and that when the hour of her trial has come He 
will lift up his everlasting gates and bend down above her in mercy 
and in love. For with her He has surely lodged the ark of His covenant 
with the sons of men. And the Republic will endure. Centralism will 
be checked, and liberty saved — plutocracy overthrown and equality 
restored. The struggle for human rights never goes backward among 
English-speaking people. The trend of the times is with us. — Henry 
W. Grady. 

THE SHIP OF STATE. 

Thou, too, sail on, O Ship of State! 

Sail on, O Union strong and great! 

Humanity, with all its fears, 
; With all its hopes of future years. 

Is hanging breathless on thy fate! 
' ' ,1 We know what master laid Thy keel, 

[ What workmen wrought thy ribs of steel, 

I Who made each mast, and sail, and rope, 

What anvils rang, what anvils beat, 

In what a forge and what a heat. 

Were shaped the anchors of thy hope! 

Fear not each sudden sound and shock, 

'Tis of the wave, and not the rock; 

'Tis but the flapping of the sail. 

And not a rent made by the gale; 

In spite of rock and tempest roar. 

In spite of false lights on the shore, 

Sail on, nor fea'- to breast the sea! 

Our hearts, our hopes are all with thee: 

Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears, 

Our f-'ith triumphant o'er our fears. 
Are all with thee, are all with thee. 

— Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. 



SELECTIONS ON PATRIOTISM. 349 

The time has come when the history of our own country should 
stand among the fundamental studies to be pursued in our schools. In 
the teaching of history, we need not attach first importance to the dates 
of battles, the number of men engaged upon each side, or the number 
killed and wounded. These are but incidents in history. We should 
teach causes and results. We need not teach that the soldiers on one 
side were braver than the soldiers on the other. The " boys in gray " 
who stood up against you at Gettysburg and a hundred other battle- 
fields were as brave as you were. We know that they were mistaken, 
but they were brave, and they were Americans. They have done their 
share in making American history, and one happy result of the war 
with Spain is that sectional lines have been wiped out and no longer 
is there any North and South in the consideration of American bravery. 
We need not spend any time in demonstrating the bravery of the 
American people. It has been thoroughly tested and the whole world 
knows it. I believe that we should teach these things to our children. 
— Hon. Charles R. Skinner, Speech before G. A. R. Committee. 



f 



One of the definitions of patriotism is '' love of country." If we 
do not teach our boys and girls to love their country, how can we 
teach them to be patriotic? Patriotism is sometimes misunderstood.^ 
Patriotism is not an impulse or a sentiment, but a conviction. Where 
the heart is right, there you will find true patriotism. I want a patriot- 
ism that does not wait for the firing of a gun on a national holiday to 
manifest itself. I want a patriotism which is good every day in the 
year, and which means an understanding of public duty and a determi- 
nation to perform that duty. — Hon. Charles R. Skinner, Speech before 
G. A. R. Committee. 

Here, at last, is its sacred secret revealed! It is in the patriotic 
instinct which has brought to this field the army of Northern Virginia 
and the army of the Potomac. It lies in the manly emotion with w^iich 
the generous soldier sees only the sincerity and courage of his ancient 
foe and scorns suspicion of a lingering enmity. It lies in the perfect 
freedom of speech, and perfect fraternity of spirit, which now for three 




350 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

days have glowed in these heroic hearts, and echoed in this enchanted 
air. These are the forces that assure the future of our beloved country! 
May they go before us on our mighty march, a pillar of cloud by day, 
of fire by night! Happy for us, happy for mankind, if we and our 
children shall comprehend that they are the fundamental conditions of 
the life of the Republic! Then, long after, when, in a country whose 
vast population, covering the continent with the glory of a civilization 
which the imagination cannot forecast, the completed century of the 
great battle shall be celebrated, the generation which shall gather here, 
in our places, will rise up and call us blessed! Then, indeed, the fleeting 
angel of this hour will have yielded his most precious benediction; and 
in the field of Gettysburg, as we now behold it, the blue and the gray 
blending in happy harmony, like the mingling hues of the summer 
landscape, we may see the radiant symbol of the triumphant America 
of our pride, our hope, and our joy! — George William Curtis. 




THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 

'E hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created 
equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with 
certain inaHenable rights; that among these are life, 
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure 
these rights, governments are instituted among men, 
deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." There 
is the origin of Popular Sovereignty. Who, then, shall come in at this 
day and claim that he invented it? That is the electric cord in the 
Declaration that links the hearts of patriotic and liberty-loving men 
together; that will link those patriotic hearts as long as the love of 
freedom exists in the minds of men throughout the world. — Abraham 
Lincoln. 

It is in vain for demagogism to raise its short arms against the 
truth of history. The Declaration of Independence stands there. No 
candid man ever read it without seeing and feeling that every word of 
it was dictated by deep and earnest thought, and that every sentence 
of it bears the stamp of philosophic generality. It is the summing up 
of the results of the philosophical development of the age; the practical 
embodiment of the progressive ideas which, far from being confined 
to the narrow limits of the English colonies, pervaded the atmosphere 
of all civilized nations. — Carl Schiirs. 

I have never had a feeling, politically, that did not spring from the 
sentimicnts embodied in the Declaration of Independence. I have often 
pondered over the dangers which were incurred by the men who assem- 
bled here and framed and adopted the Declaration of Independence. I 
have pondered over the toils that were endured by the officers and 
soldiers of the army who achieved that independence. I have often 
inquired of myself what great principle or idea it was that kept this 

confederacy so long together. It was not the mere matter of the 

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352 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



separation of the colonies from the motherland, but that sentiment in 
the Declaration of Independence which gave liberty, not alone to the 
people of this country, but, I hope, to the world for all future time. It 
was that which you promised, that in due time the weight would be 
lifted from the shoulders of all men. This is the sentiment embodied in 
the Declaration of Independence. — Abraham Lincoln. 

On the fourth of July, 1776, the representatives of the United 
States of America, in Congress assembled, declared that these United 
Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states. 
This Declaration, made by most patriotic and resolute men, trusting 
in the justice of their cause and the protection of Providence — and 
yet not without deep solicitude' and anxiety — has stood for seventy- 
five years, and still stands. It was sealed in blood. It has met dangers 
and overcome them; it has had enemies and it has conquered them; 
it has had detractors and it has abashed them all; it has had doubting 
friends, but it has cleared all doubts away; and, now, to-day, raising its 
august form higher than the clouds, twenty millions of people contem- 
plate it with hallowed love, and the world beholds it, and the conse- 
quences which have followed, with profound admiration.— £>anz>/ 
Webster. 

The Declaration of Independence is the grandest, the bravest, and 
the profoundest political document that was ever signed by the repre- 
sentatives of the people. It is the embodiment of physical and moral 
courage and of political wisdom. I say physical courage because it 
was a declaration of war against the most powerful nation then on the 
globe; a declaration of war by thirteen weak, unorganized colonies; a 
declaration of war by a few people, without military stores, without 
wealth, without strength, against the most powerful kingdom on the 
earth; a declaration of war made when the British navy, at that day 
the mistress of every sea, was hovering along the coast of America, 
looking after defenceless towns and villages to ravage and destroy. It 
w^as made when thousands of English soldiers were upon our soil, and 
when the principal cities of America were in the substantial possession 
of the enemy. And so I say, all things considered, it was the bravest 
political document ever signed by man. — Robert G. Ingersoll. 




THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

E can give up everything but our Constitution, which is 
^, the sun of our system. As the natural sun dispels fogs, 
heats the air, and vivifies and illumines the world, even 
so does the Constitution, in days of adversity and gloom, 
come out for our rescue and our enlightening. If the 
luminary which now sheds its light upon us and invigorates our 
sphere should sink forever in his ocean bed, clouds, cold, and perpetual 
death would environ us; and if we suffer our other sun, the Constitu- 
tion, to be turned from us, if we neglect or disregard its benefits, if 
its beams disappear but once in the west, anarchy and chaos will have 
come again, and we shall grope out in darkness and despair the remain- 
der of a miserable existence. — Daniel Webster. 

In order to understand the theory of the American Government, 
the most serious, calm, persistent study should be given to the Con- 
stitution of the United States. I don't mean learning it by heart, com- 
mitting it to memory. What you want is to understand it; to know 
the principles at the bottom of it; to feel the impulse of it; to feel the 
heart-beat that thrills through the whole Am.erican people. That is 
the vitality that is worth knowing; that is the sort of politics that excels 
all the mysteries of ward elections, and lifts you up into a view where 
you can see the clear skies, the unknown expanse of the future. — 
Charles A. Dana. 

Every free government is necessarily complicated, because all such 

governments establish restraints, as well on the power of government 

itself as on that of individuals. If we will abolish the distinction of 

branches and have but one branch; if we V\^ill abolish jury trials, and 

leave all to the judge; and if we place the executive power in the same 

hands, we may readily simplify government. We may easily bring it 

to the simplest of all possible forms, — a pure despotism. But a separa- 
23 (353) 



254 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

tion of departments, so far as practicable, and the preservation of clear 
lines of division between them^ is the fundamental idea in the creation 
of all our constitutions; and, doubtless, the continuance of regulated 
liberty depends on maintaining these boundaries. — Daniel Webster. 

There never existed an example before of a free community spread- 
ing over such an extent of territory; and the ablest and profoundest 
thinkers, at the time, believed it to be utterly impracticable that there 
should be. Yet this difficult problem was solved — successfully solved 
— by the wise and sagacious men who framed our Constitution. No; 
it was above unaided human wisdom — above the sagacity of the most 
enlightened. It was the result of a fortunate combination of circum- 
stances co-operating and leading the way to its formation, directed by 
that kind Providence which has so often and so signally disposed events 
in our favor. — John C. Calhoun. 

The Constitution of the United States, the nearest approach of 
mortal to perfect political wisdom, was the work of men who purchased 
liberty with their blood, but who found that, without organization, free- 
dom was not a blessing. They formed it, and the people, in their intel- 
ligence, adopted it. And what has been its history? Has it trodden 
down any man's rights? Has it circumscribed the liberty of the press? 
Has it stopped the mouth of any man? Has it held us up as objects of 
disgrace abroad? How much the reverse! It has given us character 
abroad; and when, with Washington at its head, it went forth to the 
world, this young country at once became the most interesting and 
imposing in the circle of civilized nations. — Daniel Webster. 



LIBERTY. 

SELECTIONS. 

Is it nothing, then, to be free? Is it nothing that we are Republi- 
cans? Can anything be more striking and subUme than the idea of 
an Imperial Republic, spreading over an extent of territory more 
immense than the empire of the Caesars in the accumulated conquests 
of a thousand years, without prefects, or proconsuls, or publicans, 
founded in the maxims of common sense, employing within itself no 
arms but those of reason, and know^n to its subjects only by the bless- 
ings it bestows or perpetuates, yet capable of directing against a for- 
eign foe all the energies of a miHtary despotism, — a Republic in which 
men are completely insignificant, and principles and laws exercise 
throughout its vast dominion a peaceful and irresistible sway, blending 
in one divine harmony, such various habits and conflicting opinions; 
and mingling in our institutions the light of philosophy with all that 
is dazzling in the associations of heroic achievement and extended domi- 
nation, and deep-seated and formidable powtrl— Hugh S. Legare. 

A government founded upon anything except liberty and justice 
cannot and ought not to stand. All the wTecks on either side of the 
stream of time, ail the wrecks of the great cities, and all the nations 
that have passed away — all are a warning that no nation founded 
upon injustice can stand. From the sand-enshrouded EgA^pt, from the 
marble wilderness of Athens, and from every fallen, crumbling stone 
of the once mighty Rome, comes a wail, as it were, the cry that no 
nation founded upon injustice can permanently stand. — Robert G. Ingcr- 
soll. 

Liberty has been the battle-cry which has led to victory on a thou- 
sand battlefields; it wrung from King John the Magna Charta; it razed 
the Bastile to the ground; it peopled the solitudes of America with a 
hardy race of pilgrims; it led Washington and his faithful army through 

the perils and sufferings of a seven years' war. It has been the pre- 

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356 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

siding genius which, age after age, in Greece, Rome, Switzerland, 
England, France, America, and in the South Seas, has molded constitu- 
tions, framed laws, and elaborated institutions, all seeking to secure to 
the individual the highest possible liberty. — Thomas J. Morgan. 



Is true freedom but to break 
Fetters for our own dear sake, 
And with leathern hearts forget 
That we owe mankind a debt? 
No! True freedom is to share 
All the chains our brothers wear, 
And with heart and hand to be 
Earnest to make others free! 

They are slaves who fear to speak 

For the fallen and the weak; 

They are slaves who will not choose 

Hatred, scoffing and abuse, 

Rather than in silence shrink 

From the truth they needs must think; 

They are slaves who dare not be 

In the right with two or three. 

— James Russell Loivell. 



All who stand beneath our banner are free. Ours is the only flag- 
that has in reality written upon it " Liberty, EquaHty, Fraternity " — 
the three grandest words in all the languages of men. Liberty: give 
to every man the fruit of his own labor — the labor of his hand and of 
his brain. Fraternity: every man in the right is my brother. Equaljty: 
the rights of all are equal. No race, no color, no previotis condition, 
can change the rights of men. The Declaration of Independence has at 
least been carried out in letter and in spirit. To-day, the black man 
looks upon his child and says: " The avenues of distinction are open to 
you — upon your brow may fall the civic wreath." We are celebrating 
the courage and wisdom of our fathers, and the glad shout of a free 
people, the anthem of a grand nation, commencing at the Atlantic, is 
following the sun to the Pacific, across a continent of happy homes. — 
Robert G. Ingersoll. 



SELECTIONS ON LIBERTY. ] 357 

The land of Freedom! Sea and shore 

Are guarded now, as when 
Her ebbing waves to victory bore 

Fair barks and gallant men: 
O many a ship of prouder name 

May wave her starry fold, ; 

Nor trail, with deeper line of fame, ' ' 

The paths they swept of old! 

— Oliver Wendell Holmes. 



O Freedom! Thou are not, as poets dream, 
A fair young girl, with light and delicate limbs. 
And wavy tresses gushing from the cap 
With which the Roman master crowned his slave 
When he took off the gyves. A bearded man. 
Armed to the teeth, art thou; one mailed hand 
Grasps the broad shield, and one the sword: thy brow. 
Glorious in beauty though it be, is scarred 
With tokens of old wars: Thy massive limbs 
Are strong with struggling. Power at thee has launched 
His bolts and with hi5 lightnings smitten thee: \ 

They could not quench the light thou hast from Heaven. \ 

— Alfred Tennyson. \ 

In relation to the principle that all men are created equal, let it 
be as nearly reached as we can. If we cannot give freedom to every 
creature, let us do nothing that will impose slavery upon any other 
creature. I leave you, hoping that the lamp of liberty will bum in 
your bosoms until there shall be no longer a doubt that all men are 
created free and equal. — Abraham Lincoln. 



Hope of the world! Thou hast broken its chains, 
Wear thy bright arms while a tyrant remains: 
Stand for the right till the nations shall own 
Freedom their sovereign, with law for her throne! 

Freedom! Sweet Freedom! Our voices resound. 
Queen by God's blessing, unsceptered, uncrowned! 
Freedom! Sweet Freedom! Our pulses repeat. 
Warm with her life blood, as long as they beat! 



358 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Fold the broad banner-stripes over her breast, 
I Crown her with star-jewels, Queen of the West! 

\ Earth for her heritage, God for her friend, 

i She shall reign over us, world without end! 

I — Oliver Wendell Holmes. 



SONG FOR INDEPENDENCE. 

Hail to the planting of Liberty's Tree! 
Hail to the charter declaring us free! 

Millions of voices are chanting its praises, 
Millions of worshippers bend at its shrine. 

Wherever the sun of America blazes, 
Wherever the stars of our bright banner shine. 

Sing to the heroes who breasted the flood 

That, swelling, rolled o'er them, a deluge of blood. 

Fearless they clung to the ark of the nation. 
And dashed on 'mid lightning, and thunder, and blast. 

Till Peace, like the dove, brought her branch of salvation, 
And Liberty's mount was their refuge at last. 

Bright is the beautiful land of our birth, 

The home of the homeless all over the earth. 

Oh! Let us ever, with fondest devotion. 
The freedom our fathers bequeathed us watch o'er, 

Till the angel shall stand on the earth and the ocean, 
And shout 'mid earth's ruins that Time is no more. 

— Alfred B. Street. 



THE UNION. 

SELECTIONS. 

I profess, sir, in my career hitherto, to have kept steadily in view 
the prosperity and honor of the whole country, and the preservation 
of our Federal Union. It is to that Union we owe our safety at home, 
and our consideration and dignity abroad. It is to that Union that 
we are chiefly indebted for whatever makes us most proud of our 
country. That Union we reached only by the discipline of our virtue 
in the severe school of adversity. It had its origin in the necessities of 
disordered finance, prostrate commerce and ruined credit. Under its 
benign influences, these great interests immediately awoke, as from 
the dead, and sprang forth with newness of life. Every year of its dura- 
tion has teemed with fresh proof of its utiHty and its blessings, and 
although our country has stretched out, wider and wider, and our 
population spread farther and farther, they have not outrun its protec- 
tion or its benefits. It has been to us all a copious fountain of national, 
social, and personal happiness. — Daniel Webster. 

There are four things which I humbly conceive are essential to the 
well-being — I may even venture to say, to the existence — of the 
United States, as an independent power. 

First. An indissoluble Union of the states under one Federal head. 

Second. A sacred regard to public justice. 

Third. The adoption of a proper peace estabhshment. 

Fourth. The prevalence of that pacific and friendly disposition 
among the people of the United States which will induce them to 
forget their local prejudices and poHtics; to make those mutual con- 
cessions which are requisite to the general prosperity; and, in some 
instances, to sacrifice their individual advantages to the interest of the 
community. 

These are the pillars on which the glorious fabric of our inde- 
pendence and national character must be supported. Liberty is the 

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^ 



36o 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



basis. And whoever would dare to sap the foundation, or overturn the 
structure, under whatever specious pretext he may attempt it, will' 
merit the bitterest execration and the severest punishment which can 
be inflicted by his injured country. — George Washington. 

While every part of our country feels an immediate and particular 
interest in Union, all the parts combined cannot fail to find, in the 
united mass of means and efforts, greater strength, greater resource, 
proportionably greater security from external danger, a less frequent 
interruption of their peace by foreign nations; and, what is of inestima- 
ble value, they must derive from the Union an exemption from those 
broils and wars between themselves which so frequently afflict neigh- 
boring countries not tied together by the same government, which 
their own rivalships alone would be sufificient to produce, but which 
opposite foreign alliances, attachments, and intrigues would stimulate 
and embitter. Hence, likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those 
overgrown military establishments which, under any form of govern- 
ment, are inauspicious to liberty, and which are to be regarded as par- 
ticularly hostile to Republican Liberty. In this sense it is, that your 
Union ought to be considered as a main prop of your liberty, and that 
the love of the one ought to endear to you the preservation of the other. 
— George Washington. 

If Washington were now amongst us, and if he could draw around 
him the shades of the great public men of his own days — patriots and 
warriors, orators and statesmen — and were to address us in their pres- 
ence, would he not say to us: '' Ye men of this generation, I rejoice and 
thank God for being able to see that our labors and toils and sacrifices 
were not in vain. The fire of liberty burns brightly and steadily in your 
hearts, while duty and the law restrain it from bursting forth in wild 
and destructive conflagration. Cherish liberty as you love it, cherish 
its securities as you wish to preserve it. Maintain the Constitution 
which we labored so painfully to establish, and which has been to you 
such a source of inestimable blessings. Preserve the Union of the 
States, cemented as it was by our prayers, our tears, and our blood. 



SELECTIONS ON THE UNION. 361 

Be true to God, your country, and your duty. So shall that Almighty 
Power, which so graciously protected us, and which now protects you, 
shower its everlasting blessings upon you and your posterity." — Daniel 

Webster. 

A nation may be said to consist of its territory, its people, and its 
laws. The territory is the only part which is of certain durability. 
" One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh, but 
the earth abideth forever." It is of the first importance to duly con- 
sider and estimate this ever-enduring part. That portion of the earth's 
surface which is owned and inhabited by the people of the United 
States is well adapted to be the home of one national family, and it is 
not well adapted for two or more. Its vast extent, and its variety of 
climate and productions, are of advantage in this age for one people, 
whatever they might have been in former ages. Steam, telegraphs, 
and intelligence have brought these to be an advantageous combina- 
tion for one united people. There is no Hne, straight or crooked, suit- 
able for a national boundary, upon which to divide. Trace through 
from East to West upon the line between the free and slave country, 
and we shall find a little more than one-third of its length are rivers, 
easy to be crossed and populated, or soon to be populated thickly upon 
both sides; while nearly all its remaining length are merely surve3^or's 
lines, over which people may walk back and forth without any con- 
sciousness of their presence. No part of this line can be made any 
more difficult to pass by writing it down on paper or parchment as a 
national boundary. — Abraham Lincoln. 

For my part, I have never believed in isothermal lines, air lines 
and water Hues separating distinct races. I nO' more believe that that 
river yonder, dividing Indiana and Kentucky, marks off two distinct 
species than I believe that the great Hudson, flowing through the 
state of New York, marks off distinct species. Such theories only live 
in the fancy of morbid minds. We are all one people. Commercially, 
financially, morally, we are one people. Divide as we will into parties, 
we are one people. 

^« * * lis * * * 



362 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



The silken folds that twine about us here, for all their soft and 
careless grace, are yet as strong as hooks of steel. They hold together 
a united people and a great nation. The South says to the North, as 
simply and as truly as was said three thousand years ago in that far 
away meadow by the side of the mystic sea: " Thy people shall be my 
people, and thy God, my God." — Henry Watterson. 

My fellow countrymen of the North, we join you in setting apart 
this land as an enduring monument of peace, brotherhood, and per- 
petual union. I repeat the thought, with additional emphasis, with 
singleness of heart and of purpose, in the name of a common country^ 
and of universal human liberty; and, by the blood of our fallen brothers, 
we unite in the solemn consecration of these hallowed hills, as a holy 
eternal pledge of fidelity to the life, freedom, and unity of this cherished 
Republic. — John B, Gordon. 

What the sun is in the heavens, diffusing light and warmth, and, 
by its subtle influence, holding the planets in their orbits, and preserv- 
ing the harmony of the universe, such is the sentiment of nationality 
in a people, diffusing life and protection in every direction, holding the 
faces of Americans always toward their homes, protecting the states 
in the exercise of their just powers, and preserving the harmony of 
all. We must have a Nation. It is a necessity of our political existence. 
We should cherish the idea that, while the states have their rights, 
sacred and inviolable, which we should guard with untiring vigilance, 
never permitting an encroachment upon them, and ever remembering 
that such encroachment is as much a violation of the Constitution of 
the United States as to encroach upon the rights of the general gov- 
ernment, still bear in mind that the states are but subordinate parts of 
one great nation; that the nation is over all, even as God is over the 
universe. — Oliver P. Morton. 

There is nothing more national in all this Republic than the spirit 
that saved the Union. The soldiers fought for the whole Union, and 
the spirit that animated us was the spirit of nationality against the spirit 
of sectionalism, and, in defending the truths for which we fought, we 
were national to the core and sectional in nothing. It was the spirit 



SELECTIONS ON THE UNION. 363 

of sectionalism against which we fought, and the spirit of broad, united 
nationality which we defended^ and will defend while we live * * * 
What could be more national as a material thing than the Mississippi 
River? We made that the river of one people, from Fort Benton, far 
up under the British line, down to the gulf; and every wave, every 
drop from the lakes at the far north goes singing of the Union all the 
way down till it joins the tropical ocean, and we made the song of the 
Union ring along its banks, and the people that inhabit its shores, one 
people, I trust, forever. The mountain chains that God made are 
one, and we made the people and the government that dwell on these 
mountains, in these valleys, — one, like the ocean, — one, like the ever- 
lasting hills, and one will we be with them forevermore. — James A. 
Ga^Held, Address at a Reunion. 

The drama of the Revolution opened in New England, culminated 
in New York, and closed in Virginia. It w^as a happy fortune that the 
three colonies which represented the various territorial sections of the 
settled continent were each in turn the chief seat of war. The com- 
mon sacrifice, the common struggle, the common triumph, tended to 
weld them locally, politically, and morally together. * * * Xhe 
voice of Patrick Henry from the mountains answered that of James 
Otis by the sea. Paul Revere's lantern shone through the valley of 
the Hudson, and flashed along the cliffs of the Blue Ridge. The scat- 
tering volley of Lexington Green swelled to the triumphant thunder 
of Saratoga, and the reverberation of Burgoyne's falling arms in New 
York shook those of Cornwallis in Virginia from his hands. Doubts, 
jealousies, prejudices, were merged in one common devotion. The 
union of the colonies to secure liberty foretold the union of the states 
to maintain it, and wherever we stand on revolutionary fields, or inhale 
the SAveetness of revolutionary memories, we tread the ground and 
breathe the air of invincible national union. — George William Curtis, 
Oration on Burgoyne's Surrender. 

While the Union lasts, we have high, exciting, gratifying pros- 
pects spread out before us, for us and our children. Beyond that, I 
seek not to penetrate the veil. God grant that in my day, at least, that 



3^4 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



curtain may not rise! God grant that on my vision never may be 
opened what lies behind! When my eyes shall be turned to behold for 
the last time the sun in heaven, may I not see him shining on the broken 
and dishonored fragments of a once glorious Union; on states, dis* 
severed, discordant, belligerent; on a land rent with civil feuds, or 
drenched, it may be, with fraternal blood! Let their last feeble and 
lingering glance rather behold the glorious ensign of the Republic, now 
known and honored throughout the earth, still full high advanced, its 
arms and trophies streaming in their original lustre, not a stripe erased 
or polluted, nor a single star obscured, bearing for its motto no such 
miserable interrogatory as — What is all this worth? — nor those other 
words of delusion and folly — Liberty first and Union afterwards — 
but everywhere, spread all over in characters of living light, blazing on 
all its ample folds, as they float over the sea and over the land, and in 
every wind under the whole heavens, that other sentiment, dear to 
every true American heart — Liberty and Union, now and forever, one 
and inseparable. — Daniel Webster. 

We cannot escape history. We of this Congress, and this admin- 
istration will be remembered in spite of ourselves. No personal signifi- 
cance or insignificance can spare one or another of us. The fiery trial 
through which we pass will Hght us down in honor or dishonor to the 
latest generation. We say that we are for the Union. The world will 
not forget that we say this. We know how to save the Union. The 
world knows we do know how to save it. We — even we here — hold 
the power and bear the responsibiUty. In giving freedom to the slave, 
we assure freedom to the free — honorable alike in what we give and 
what we preserve. We shall nobly save or meanly lose the last hope 
of earth. Other means may succeed; this could not, cannot, fail. This 
way is plain, peaceful, generous, just — a way which, if followed, the 
world will forever applaud, and God must forever bless. — Abraham Lin- 
coln. 

The nation has been at war, not within its own shores, but with a 
foreign power, a war waged not for revenge or aggrandizement, but 
for our oppressed neighbors, for their freedom and amelioration. It 
was short, but decisive. It recorded a succession of significant victories 



SELECTIONS ON THE UNION. 



365 



on land and on sea. It gave new honors to American arms. It has 
brought new problems to the Republic, whose solution will tax the 
genius of our people. United we will meet and solve them, with honor 
to ourselves, and to the lasting benefit of all concerned. The war 
brought us together; its settlement will keep us together. 

Reunited! Glorious realization! It expresses the thought of my 
mind, and the long deferred consummation of my heart's desire as I 
stand in this presence. It interprets the hearty demonstration here 
witnessed, and is the patriotic refrain of all sections and all lovers of the 
Republic. 

Reunited, one country again and one country forever. Proclaim it 
from the press and pulpit; teach it in the schools; write it across the 
skies. The world sees and feels it. It cheers every heart, North and 
South, and brightens the life of every American home. Let nothing 
ever strain it again. At peace with all the world and with each other, 
whaTt can stand in the pathway of our progress and prosperity? — 
William McKinley. 

UNION AND LIBERTY. 

Flag of the heroes who left us their glory, | 

Borne through their battlefield's thunder and flame, ; 

Blazoned in song and illumined in story, 
Wave o'er us all who inherit their fame! 
Up with our banner bright, 
Sprinkled with starry light, 
Spread its fair emblems from mountain to shore. 
While through the sounding sky 
Loud rings the Nation's cry, 
Union and Liberty! One Evermore! 

Light of our firmament, guide of our Nation, 

Pride of her children, and honored afar, 
Let the wide beams of thy full constellation 

Scatter each cloud that would darken a star! 



Lord of the Universe! Shield us and guide us, 

Trusting Thee always, through shadow and sun! 
Thou hast united us, who shall divide us? 

Keep us, O keep us, the MANY IN ONE. 

— Oliver Wendell Holmes. 



CITIZENSHIP. 



SELECTIONS. 

Citizens by birth or choice, of a common country, that country 
has a right to concentrate your affections. The name of Ameri- 
can, which belongs to you in your national capacity, must always 
exalt the just pride of patriotism, more than any appellation derived 
from local discriminations. With slight shades of difference, you 
have the same religion, manners, habits, and political principles. You 
have, in a common cause, fought and triumphed together. The inde- 
pendence and hberty you possess are the work of joint counsels^ and 
joint efforts, of common dangers, sufferings and successes. 

^ ^ :4: ^ ^ ^ j|i 

From the gallantry and fortitude of her citizens, under the auspices 
of Heaven, America has derived her independence. To their indus- 
try, and the natural advantages of the country, she is indebted for 
her prosperous situation. From their virtue, she may expect long to 
share the protection of a free and equal government, which their wis- 
dom has established, and which experience justifies, as admirably 
adapted to our social wants and individual felicity. — George Washington. 

The virtue, moderation, and patriotism which marked the steps 
of the American people, in framing, adopting, and thus far carrying 
into effect our present system of government, have excited the admi- 
ration of nations. It only now remains for us to act up to those 
principles which should characterize a free and enlightened people, 
that we may gain respect abroad, and insure happiness to ourselves 
and our posterity. — George Washington. 

To complete the American character, it remains for the citizens 

of the United States to show to the world that the reproach heretofore 

cast on Republican governments, for their want of stability, is without 

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SELECTIONS ON CITIZENSHIP. 367 

foundation when that government is the deliberate choice of an enlight- 
ened people. And I am fully persuaded that every well-wisher to the 
happiness and prosperity of this country will evince, by his conduct, 
that we live under a government of laws, and that, while we preserve 
inviolate our national faith, we are desirous to live in amity with all 
mankind. — George Washington. 

There can be no such thing, in the highest sense, as a home, unless 
you own it. There must be an incentive to plant trees, to beautify the 
grounds, to preserve and improve. It elevates a man to own a home. 
It gives a certain independence, a force of character, that is obtained 
in no other way. Homes make patriots. He who has sat by his own 
fireside, with wife and children, will defend it. Few men have been 
patriotic enough to shoulder a musket in defense of a boarding-house. 
The prosperity and glory of our country depend upon the number of 
people who are the owners of homes. 



A man does not vote in this country simply because he is rich; 
he does not vote in this country simply because he has an education; 
he does not vote simply because he has talent or genius; we say that 
he votes because he is a man, and that he has his manhood to support ; 
and we admit in this country that nothing can be more valuable to 
any human being than his manhood, and for that reason we put poverty 
on an equality with wealth. If you are a German, remember that this 
country is kinder to you than your fatherland, — no matter what coun- 
try you came from, remember that this country is an asylum, and vote, 
as in your conscience you believe you ought to vote, to keep this flag 
in heaven. I beg every Amierican to stand with that part of the coun- 
try that believes in law, in freedom of speech, in an honest vote, in 
civilization, in progress, in human liberty, and in universal justice. — 
Robert G. Ingersoll. 

It is the work of this generation to prove to the nineteenth cen- 
tury, in the face of Christendom, and for the race, the fact that the 
people do actually govern, and that what twenty millions of freemen 



368 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



determine, shall be done. The American Republic must live! Popu- 
lar commotion and partisan fury may dash their mad wars against it, 
but they shall roll back shattered, spent. Persecution shall not shake 
it, fanaticism disturb it, nor revolutions change it. But it shall stand 
towering sublime, like the last mountain in the deluge, while the earth 
rocks at its feet and the thunders peal over its head, — majestic, immu- 
table, magnificent ! — Wendell Phillips. 

It is hard to believe that there is any necessity to warn Americans 
that, when they seek to model themselves on the lines of other civiliza- 
tions, they make themselves the butts of all right-thinking men; and 
yet the necessity certainly exists to give this warning to many of our 
citizens who pride themselves on their standing in the world of art 
and letters, or, perchance, on what they would style their social leader- 
ship in the community. We Americans can only do our alloted task 
well if we face it steadily and bravely, seeing, but not fearing, the 
dangers. Above all, we must stand shoulder to shoulder, not asking 
as to the ancestry or creed of our comrades, but only demanding that 
they be in very truth Americans, and that we all work together, — 
heart, hand, and head, — for the honor and the greatness of our com- 
mon country. — Theodore Roosevelt. 

In the efforts of the people — of the people struggling for their 
rights — moving, not in organized disciplined masses, but in their spon- 
taneous action, man for man and heart for heart, there is something 
glorious. The people always conquer. They always must conquer. 
Armies may be defeated, kings may be overthrown, and new dynasties 
be imposed, by foreign arms on an ignorant and slavish race, that care 
not in what language the covenant of their subjugation runs, nor in 
whose name the deed of their barter and sale is made out. But the 
people never invade; and, when they rise against the invader, are never 
subdued. If they are driven from the plains, they fly to the moun- 
tains. Steep rocks and everlasting hills are their castles; the tangled, 
pathless thicket their palisade, and nature, God, is their ally. Now He 
overv/helms the hosts of their enemies beneath His drifting mountains 
of sand; now He buries them beneath a falling atmosphere of polar 



SELECTIONS ON CITIZENSHIP. 369 

snows; He lets loose His tempests on their fleets; He puts a folly into 
their counsels, a madness into the hearts of their leaders; and He never 
gave, and never will give, a final triumph over a virtuous and gallant 
people, resolved to be free. — Edzvard Everett. 

The faith of our people in the stability and permanence of their 
institutions was like their faith in the eternal course of nature. Peace, 
liberty and personal security were blessings as common and universal 
as sunshine and showers and fruitful seasons; and all sprang from a 
single source, the principle declared in the Pilgrim Covenant of 1620, 
that all owed due submission and obedience to the lawfully expressed 
will of the majority. This is not one of the doctrines of our political 
system, it is the system itself. It is our political firmament, in which 
all other truths are set, as stars in the heaven. It is the encasing air, 
the breath of the Nation's life. — James A. Garfield. 

Have you thought what the government has cost? Do you real- 
ize what free government means? Do you remember, as you have 
read the story of ages gone, how the barons met at Runnymede? Do 
you remember how they wrested a charter from the king? Do you 
remember how the Ironsides went into battle? Do you remembei 
the psalm that rang out at the shock of the conflict? Do you remem- 
ber Faneuil Hall, and Massachusetts, and John Hancock? Do you 
remember Carpenter's Hall and Benjamin Frankhn? Do you remem- 
ber Virginia and George Washington? Do you remember what the 
liberty we have has cost, and are you wiUing, because of fashion, 
because of ease, because of social enjoyment, are you willing to let 
the Republic get into the rapids simply because there are not strong 
men straining at the oars and keeping us back in the midstream of 
safety? — Stezvart L. Woodford. 

The supreme glory of our heroism in the Civil War was founded 
in the greatness of the common people. Do you tell me that they 
were unknown — that they commanded no battahons, determined no 
policies, sat in no military councils, rode at the head of no regiments? 
Be it so. All the more are they the fitting representatives of you and 
24 



270 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

me — the people. Never in all history was there a war, whose aims, 
whose policy, whose sacrifices were so absolutely determined by the 
people, that great body of the unknown, in which, after all, lay the 
strength and power of the Republic. When some one reproached 
Lincoln for the seeming hesitancy of his policy, he answered, " I stand 
for the people. I am going just as fast and as far as I can feel them 
behind me." — Henry C. Potter. 

I can most religiously aver, I have no wish that is incompatible 
with the dignity, happiness, and true interest of the people of this 

Y country. My ardent desire is, and my aim has been, so far as depended 
upon the Executive Department, to comply strictly with all our engage- 
ment, foreign and domestic: but to keep the United States free from 
political connections with every other country, to see them independent 
of all, and under the influence of none. In a word, I want an Ameri- 
can Character, that the powers of Europe may be convinced we act 
for ourselves, and not for others. This, in my judgment, is the only 

/ way to be respected abroad, and happy at home. — George Washington. 

There was never a time when we had a right to feel prouder of 
our country. We take, every ten years, a census of our material 
advancement. I wish we might take, once in a while, a census of 
brave deeds and brave thoughts ; a census which would show the prog- 
ress of the people of our Republic in heroism, in patriotism, in the 
instinct of honor, in the sense of duty. I know that our history at this 
hour is full of good hope. 



There never was a people who, as to the great subjects of public 
conduct, were actuated by a finer, by a profounder sense of duty and 
a clearer sense of justice than the people of the United States in this 
generation and at this hour. — George F. Hoar. 



We shall never be successful over the dangers that confront us; 
we shall never achieve true greatness, nor reach the lofty ideal which 



SELECTIONS ON CITIZENSHIP. 371 



the founders and preservers of our mighty Federal RepubHc have set 
before us, unless we are Americans in heart and soul, in spirit and 
purpose, keenly alive to the responsibility implied in the very name 
of American, and proud beyond measure of the glorious privilege of 
bearing it. — Theodore Roosevelt. 



We know as well as any other class of American citizens where 
our duties belong. We will work for our country in time of peace 
and fight for it in time of war, if a time of war should ever come. When 
I say our country, I mean, of course, our adopted country. I mean 
the United States of America. After passing through the crucible 
of naturalization we are no longer Germans; we are Americans. Our 
attachment to America cannot be measured by the length of our resi- 
dence here. We are Americans from the moment Vv^e touch the Ameri- 
can shore until we are laid in American graves. We will fight for 
America whenever necessary. America, first, last, and all the time. 
America against Germany, America against the world; America, right 
or wrong; always America. We are Americans. — Richard Guenther, of 
Wisconsin, in a speech at the time of the Samoan trouble. 

Men who wish to work for decent politics must work practically^ >^ 
and yet must not swerve from their devotion to a high ideal. They 
must actually do things, and not merely confine themselves to criticis- 
ing those who do them. They must work disinterestedly, and appeal 
to the disinterested element in others, although they must also do work 
which will result in the material betterment of the community. They 
must act as Americans through and through, in spirit and hope and 
purpose, and, while being disinterested, unselfish and generous in their 
dealings with others, they must also show that they possess the essen- 
tial manly virtues of energy, of resolution, and of indomitable personal 
courage. — Theodore Roosevelt, 

Citizenship has its duties as well as its privileges. The first is 
that we give our energies and influence to the enactment of just, equal 
and beneficent laws. The second is like unto it : that we loyally rever- 



372 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



ence and obey the will of the majority, whether we are of the majority 
or not; the law throws the aegis of its protection over us all. There 
is an open avenue through the ballot-box for the modification or 
repeal of laws that are unjust or oppressive. To the law we bow with 
reverence. It is the one king that commands our allegiance. — Benja- 
min Harrison. 

Constitutions do not make people; people make constitutions. 
Our constitution is great and admirable, because the men who made 
it were so and the people who ratified it and have lived under it were 
and are brave, intelligent, and lovers of liberty. There is a higher 
sanction and a surer protection to life and liberty, to the right of free 
speech and trial by jury, to justice and humanity, in the traditions, 
the beliefs, the habits of mind, and the character of the American peo- 
ple than any which can be aflforded by any constitution, no matter how 
wisely drawn. If the American people were disposed to tyranny, injus- 
tice and oppression, a constitution would ofTer but a temporary barrier 
to their ambitions, and the reverence for the constitution, and for law 
and justice, grows out of the fact that the American people believe in 
freedom and humanity, in equal justice to all men and in equal rights 
before the law, and while they so beUeve the great doctrine of the 
Declaration of Independence and of the Constitution will never be in 
peril. — Henry Cabot Lodge, Speech on the adoption of the Spanish- 
American Treaty, United States Senate, January 24, 1899. 

Let reverence of the law be breathed by every mother to the lisping 
babe that prattles on her lap; let it be taught in schools, seminaries, and 
colleges; let it be written in primers, spelling-books, and almanacs; let 
it be preached from pulpits, and proclaimed in legislative halls, and 
enforced in courts of justice; in short, let it become the political religion 
of the Nation.-— Abraham Lincoln, 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM 
QUOTATION'S 

IN 

PROSE AND POETRY 

ON 

OUR COUNTRY. 

(373) 



OUR COUNTRY. 



QUOTATIONS. 

The glorious Union is our world. — Daniel S. Dickinson. 

Our Country — the strongest, richest, freest, happiest of the nations of the earth. 

— George F. Hoar. 

Valor's home and Freedom's lov'd retreat! 

— William Leggett. 

One country, one Constitution, one destiny. — Daniel Webster. 

The glorious Union our fathers gave us till time shall be no more. — Reverdy 
Johnson. 

Let all the ends thou aim'st at be thy Country's, 
Thy God's and Truth's. 

— William Shakespeare. 

Never was a people so advantageously situated for working out the great prob- 
lem of human liberty. — Henry A. Boardman. 

The American Nation! Its men are as brave, energetic and dauntless as they are 
honest. — Nicholas, Czar of Russia. 

O land! of every land the best, 

O land! whose glory shall increase. 

— Phoebe Cary. 

An indissoluble Union of indestructible States, one flag, one country, one destiny! 

— Daniel Webster. 

I am an American; I know no country but America, and no locality in America 
that is not my country. — Daniel Webster. 



The blue arch above us is Liberty's dome, 
The green fields beneath us. Equality's home. 

— Hezekiah Butterzvorth. 
(375) 



376 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



The people's government; made for the people; made by the people; and answer- 
able to the people. — Daniel Webster. 

I We are Americans, we will live Americans and we will die Americans.— Daniel 

I Webster. 

K Freedom's soul has only place 

? For a free and fearless race. 

^ — John G. Whittier. 

I^y Above all, we must stand shoulder to shoulder for the honor and the greatness 

^ of our country. — Theodore Roosevelt. 

I There never existed an example before of a free community spreading over such 

I an extent of territory. — John C. Calhoun. 

Here began the kingdom not of kings, but men; 
Began the making of the world again. 

— John Boyle O'Reilly. 

Here the people govern. Here they act by their immediate representatives. — 
Alexander Hamilton. 

\ 

I In our federal relations I know but one section, one union, one flag, one govern- 

' ment. — Daniel S. Dickinson. 



We're bound by mutual ties. 

No hostile hands are ours^ 
From where Maine's snowy mountains rise. 

To the fair land of flowers. 

— William L. Shoemaker. 



\ We are to constitute all together, North, South, East, West, one government. 

I 

t — Hilary A. Herbert. 

The best son of his country is he who gives the best manhood to his country. — 
Anon. 

Hail, America, hail! the glory of lands! 

To thee high honors are given. 
Thy stars shall blaze till the moon veil her rays. 

And the sun lose his pathway in heaven. 

— Jonathan M. Sewell. 



OUR COUNTRY. 



Z77 



The love of my country will be the ruling influence of my conduct. — George / 
Washington, 

One God^ one country, one destiny. This is the gospel of American nationality. 
— Wendell Phillips. 

Our country is a goodly land; 

We'll keep her always whole and hale; 
We'll love her, live for her, or die; 

To fall for her is not to fail. 

— Francis Lieber. 

Every good citizen makes his country's honor his own, and cherishes it not only ,■- 
as precious, but as sacred. — Andrew Jackson. 

I know no North, no South, no East, no West to which I owe any allegiance. — / 

Henry Clay. ' ' 

My country! ay, thy sons are proud, 

True heirs of freedom's glorious dower, 
For never here has knee been bowed 

In homage to a mortal power. 

— Mrs. Sarah J. Hale. 

Let every man that lives and owns himself an American take the side of true » 

American principles. — Henry Ward Beecher. 

The heritage of American youth is equal opportunities in a land of equal rights. — 
William L. Wilson. 



Columbia! First and fairest gem 
On Nature's brow — a diadem 
Whose lustre, bright as heavenly star, 
The light of Freedom sheds afar. 

— P. S. Gilmore. 

Every American should be proud of his whole country, rather than a part. — 
William Tecumseh Sherman. 

We of this generation and nation, occupy the Gibraltar of the ages which com- 
mands the world's future. — Josiah Strong. 

The nation Thou hast blest 

May well Thy love declare 
From foes and fears at rest, 

Protected by Thy care. 

— Francis Scott Key. 



I 



i78 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



Territory is but the body of a nation. The people who inhabit its hills and 
its valleys are its soil, its spirit, its life. — James A. Garfield. 

Of the whole sum of human life no small part is that which consists of a man's 
relations to his country and his feelings concerning it. — William Ewart Gladstone. 

Land of tlie West — beneath the heaven 
There's not a fairer, lovelier clime; 
Nor one to which was ever given 
A destiny more high, sublime. 

— W. D. Gallagher. 

Without Union our independence and liberty would never have been achieved; 
without Union they cannot be maintained. — Andrew Jackson. 

Liberty has a more extensive and durable foundation in the United States than 
it ever has had in any other age or country. — George McDufHe. 

O! make Thou us through centuries long. 

In peace secure, in justice strong; 
Around our gift of freedom draw 

The safeguards of Thy righteous law. 

— John G. Whittier. 

Driven from every other corner of the earth, freedom of thought and the right 
of private judgment in matters of conscience direct their course to this happy country 
as their last asylum. — Samuel Adams. 

The Fathers of the Republic, in their almost inspiration, saw clearly that a gov- 
ernment to be enduring and free must be a Union, not of States, but of the people, 
and they fashioned their work accordingly.-^ Roscoe Conkling. 

I Their country first, their glory and their pride, 

\ Land of their hopes, land where their fathers died, 

I When in the right, they'll keep their honor bright, 

V/hen in the wrong, they'll die to set it right. 

— James T. Fields. 

May this immense Temple of Freedom ever stand a lesson to oppressors, an 
example to the oppressed, a sanctuary for the rights of mankind.— Mar^w'^ de 
Lafayette. 



OUR COUNTRY. 



No words can depict, no pen can describe, the wonderful variety, richness 
grandeur and beauty which the Almighty has stamped upon this, our favored land. — 
John Sherman. 



379 

mess, /' \ 



O Nation great. State linked to State, in bonds that none can break. 
From ocean unto ocean, from Gulf to northern lake! 
State linked to State, fate linked to fate, in mart and mint and mine, 
In rolling plain of golden grain, in toss of plumy pine. 

— Kate D. Sherwood. 

Now every man, woman and child is raised to the dignity of an American free- 
man, and that bright, triumphant banner of liberty now floats proudly over every 
foot of American soil. — /. C. Parker. 

We are all one, and we will maintain our nation as it was handed down to us, 
the most priceless heritage that ever sons inherited. — Gen. Nelson A. Miles, U. S. A. 

* * * drifted past the storm of war 

To isles of peaceful calm. 
The lakes give greetings to the sea. 

The pine Unto the palm. 

— Arthur Dyer. 

The worth of valor, the beauty of endurance, the grandeur of self-denial and the 
sacredness of honor — for all of these our flag is the symbol, our Union the flower, 
our Nation the synonym. — Elbridge S. Brooks. 

The kindred blood which flows in the veins of American citizens, the mingled 
blood which they have shed in defense of their sacred rights, consecrate their Union. 
— James Madison. 

* * * our Country shall be 

Unshaken in strength and unsullied in name — 

And from the broad center all around to the sea 
Shall millions inherit her power and fame. 

— I. D. Van Dusee. 

Let us strive to aid and advance the liberty of the world by patriotic fidelity and 
devotion in upholding, illustrating and advocating our own free institutions. — Robert 
C. Winthrop. 



Our very air is instinct with freedom. Every inhalation on American soil is 
fraught with American ideas. It is impossible for sane people to live in this country 
and not become Americans. — Edmund /. Wolf. 



38o 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

The breath of heaven is here! 
One draught can make the slave and master one! 
The grace of liberty softens year by year, 
And in a richer flood the stream of life flows on. 

— Maurice Thompson. 



Let it be Patriotism first, last, and always; Patriotism in the history, in the 
reading lesson; in the general exercises; in the flags that adorn the school-room. — 
Albert E. Winship. 

Our chief glory arises from the general welfare of our people, their contentment 
with their institutions, their enlightenment, and their general advancement in the vir- 
tues of Christian civilization — John Adams Kasson. 

Daughter of Liberty! queen of the world! 

Fairest of all earth's fair nations, arise! 
Let thy bright banners and flags be unfurled; 

Send thy glad voice to the uttermost skies! 

— Anon. 

We cannot more effectually labor for the good of all men, than by pledging heart, 
brain and hands to the service of keeping our country true to its mission, obedient 
to its idea. — Thomas Starr King. 

We are One by the configuration of nature and by the strong impress of art. 
We are One by the memories of our fathers. We are One by the hopes of our 
children. We are One by our Constitution and our Union. — Robert C. Winthrop. 

To her we owe 
All that of happiness we know; 
Justice, and Law's protecting care. 
The rights of freemen everywhere. 

— W. W. Caldwell. 

The nation depends not on the wisdom of its senators, not on the vigilance of 
its police, not on the strong arm of its standing armies: but on the loyalty of a united 
people.— Parke Godwin. 

We are a Republic whereof one man is as good as another before the law. Un- 
der such a form of government, it is of the greatest importance that all should be 
possessed of education and intelligence. — Ulysses S. Grant. 



OUR COUNTRY. 

We know no North, nor South, nor West; 

One Union binds us all; 
Its stars and stripes are o'er us flung — 

'Neath them we'll stand or fall. 

— Anon. 



381 



■ That we live in the enjoyment of the fruits of our labors, that we live at all, 
perhaps, or live girt about by the blessings of civilization, we owe, under Providence, 
to our country. Let us prove ourselves true sons and daughters of such a mother. — 
Epes Sargent. 

This is what I call the American idea of freedom — a government of all the 
people, by all the people, for all the people; of course a government of the principles 
of eternal justice — the unchanging law of God. — Theodcre Parker, D. D. 

Oh the land of our Union! it sweetens the morn 

With the fragrance of orchards, the sunshine of corn: 

In its beautiful bosom the fountains are sure. 

And the gold of its furrows is wealth to the poor: 

And the children of exile as kindred may toil 

In the vineyards of freedom with sons of the soil. 

— Anon. 

Freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and freedom of the person under the 
protection of the habeas corpus, these are the principles that have guided our steps 
through an age of revolution and reformation. — Thomas Jefferson. 

Our country — whether bounded by the St. John's and the Sabine, or however 
otherwise bounded or described, and be the measurements more or less; — still our 
country, to be cherished in all our hearts, to be defended by all our hands. — Robert 
C. Winthrop. 

Father, whose mighty power 
Shields us through life's short hour, 

To Thee we pray, — bless us and keep us free; 
All that is past forgive: 
Teach us henceforth to live 

That through our country we may honor Thee. 

— Marion Crawford. 



If this country is to reach the full development which we believe to be possible, 
it must be by maintaining in all its integrity the Constitution which our fathers 
framed, and in giving steadfast and uncalculating support to the Union which they 
formed. — Hugh S. Thompson. 



382 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



God's mercy will still lead our country on. On under the dearest flag that 
freemen ever bore. On in the broad sunshine of liberty, equality, and justice. On 
to the inspiring music of the Union. On along the grand highway of the Nation's 
glory to the future of our country's hope. — John M. Thurston. 

Long as thine Art shall love true love, 

Long as thy Science truth shall know, 
Long as thy Eagle harms no Dove, 

Long as thy Law by law shall grow. 
Long as thy God is God above, 

Thy Brother every man below. 
So long dear Land of all my love* 

Thy name shall shine, thy fame shall glow! 

— Sidney Lanier. 



THE NOBILITY OF LABOR. 

Prefatory Note. — In the life ol the nation, true Patriotism and 
honest Labor are very closely allied. Then why not upon the printed 
page? 

Only a few years ago, the State of New York recognized the cause 
of labor by making the first Monday in September of each year a 
legal holiday, called " Labor Day." On that day hundreds of thousands 
of the toilers of the great Empire State march in procession with flags 
flying and bands playing, — and then away for an afternoon of games 
and sports! And every on-looker feels not only that " the laborer is 
worthy of his hire," but of his holiday. 

Moreover, the laborer is worthy not only of his hire and holiday, 
but of the best education for his children, and the best protection for 
himself and his family which the State can give! For without his 
faithful toil, the white Sails of Commerce would soon desert the seas; 
the Wheels of Trade would clog and stop — and the National Govern- 
ment itself stand still. There is no better patriot in the land than the 
strong-handed, true-hearted laborer. 

SELECTIONS. 

Honest labor wears a lovely face. 

— Thos. Dekker (died 1641). 



If all the year were playing holidays, 

To sport would be as tedious as to work. 



— Shakspere. 



From toil he wins his spirits light. 
From busy day the peaceful night; 
Rich from the very want of wealth. 
In Heaven's best treasures, peace and health. 

— Grciy. 

As for bidding me not work, Molly might as well put the kettle on the fire, and 
say, "Now, don't boil!" —Sir Walter Scott, 

(383) 



384 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



FROM WHITTIER'S '' SONGS OF LABOR. 



Hark! roars the bellows, blast on blast, 

The sooty smithy jars, 
And fire-sparks, rising far and fast, 

Are fading with the stars. 
All day for us the smith shall stand 

Beside that flashing forge; 
All day for us his heavy hand 

The groaning anvil scourge. 

From far-ofif hills, the panting team 

For us is toiling near; 
For us the raftsman down the stream 

Their island barges steer. 
Rings out for us the axe-man's stroke 

In forests old and still,— 
For us the century-circled oak 

Falls crashing down his hill. 

— From " The Ship-Builders. 



Cheerly, on the axe of labor, 

Let the sunbeams dance, 
Better than the flash of sabre 

Or the gleam of lance! 
Strike! — with every blow is given 

Freer sun and sky, 
And the long-hid earth to heaven 

Looks, with wondering eye. 

— From " The Lumbermen." 



Rap, rap! upon the well-worn stone 

How falls the polished hammer! 
Rap, rap! the measured sound has grown 

A quick and merry clamor. 
Now shape the sole! now deftly curl 

The glossy vamp around it, 
And bless the while the bright-eyed girl 

Whose gentle fingers bound it. 

— From " The Shoemakers. 



I 



THE NOBILITY OF LABOR. 



385 



Here we'll drop our lines, and gather 

Old Ocean's treasures in, 
Where'er the mottled mackerel 

Turns up a steel-dark fin. 
The sea's our field of harvest, 

Its scaly tribes our grain; 
We'll reap the teeming waters 

As at home they reap the plain! 

— From " The Fishermen." 

There wrought the busy harvesters; and many a creaking wain 
Bore slowly to the long barn-floor its load of husk and grain; 
Till broad and red, as when he rose, the sun sank down at last. 
And, like a merry guest's farewell, the day in brightness passed. 

— From " The Huskers." 

The gentleman, sir, has misconceived the spirit and tendency of 
Northern institutions. He is ignorant of Northern character. He 
has forgotten the history of his country. Preach insurrection to the 
Northern laborers! Who are the Northern laborers? The history of 
your country is their history. The renown of your country is their 
renown. The brightness of their doings is emblazoned on its every page. 
Blot from your annals the words and doings of Northern laborers, and 
the history of your country presents but a universal blank. Sir, who was 
he that disarmed the Thunderer, wrested from his grasp the bolts of 
Jove; calmed the troubled ocean; became the central sun of the philo- 
sophical system of his age, shedding his brightness and effulgence on 
the whole civilized v/orld; whom the great and mighty of the earth 
delighted to honor; who participated in the achievement of your inde- 
pendence, prominently assisted in molding your free institutions, and 
the beneficial effects of whose wisdom will be felt to the last moment 
of " recorded time? " Who, sir, I ask, was he? A Northern laborer, — 
a Yankee tallow-chandler's son — a printer's runaway boy. — Charles 
Naylor. 

And who let me ask the honorable gentleman, who w^as he that, 
in the days of our Revolution, led the Northern army, — yes, an army 
of Northern laborers, — and aided the chivalry of South Carolina in their 
defence against British aggression, drove the spoilers from their fire- 
sides, and redeemed her fair fields from foreign invaders? Who was he? 



386 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



A Northern laborer, a Rhode Island blacksmith, — the gallant General 
Greene, — who left his hammer and his forge, and went forth conquer- 
ing and to conquer in the battle for our independence! And will you 
preach insurrection to men like these? — Naylor. 

Sir, our country is full of the achievements of Northern laborers. 
Where is Concord, and Lexington, and Princeton, and Trenton, and 
Saratoga, and Bunker Hill, but in the North? And what, sir, has shed 
an imperishable renown on the never-dying names of those hallowed 
spots, but the blood and the struggles, the high daring, and patriotism, 
and sublim.e courage, of Northern laborers? The whole North is an 
everlasting monument of the freedom, virtue, intelligence, and indom- 
itable independence, of Northern laborers. Go, sir, go preach insurrec- 
tion to men like these ! — Naylor. 

LABOR IS WORSHIP. 

"Labor is worship!" — the robin is singing; 
"Labor is worship!" — the wild bee is ringing: 
Listen! that eloquent whisper up-springing 

Speaks to thy soul from out Nature's great heart. 
From the dark cloud flows the life-giving shower; 
From the rough sod blows the soft-breathing flower; 
From the small insect, the rich coral bower; 
Only man, in the plan, shrinks from his part. 

Labor is life! ' Tis the still water faileth; 

Idleness ever despaireth, bewaileth; 

Keep the watch wound, for the dark rust assaileth; 

Flowers droop and die in the stillness of noon. 
Labor is glory! — the flying cloud lightens; 
Only the waving wing changes and brightens; 
Idle hearts only the dark future frightens; 

Play the sweet keys, would'st thou keep them in tune! 

Labor is health! Lo! the husbandman reaping, 
How through his veins goes the life-current leaping! 
How his strong arm, in its stalwart pride sweeping, 

True as a sunbeam, the swift sickle guides! 
Work for some good, be it ever so slowly; 
Cherish some flower, be it ever so lowly 
Labor! all labor is noble and holy; 

Let thy great deeds be thy prayer to thy God! 

— By Frances S. Osgood, 



THE NOBILITY OF LABOR. 



387 



THE WORK-SHOP AND THE CAMP. 

The Camp has had its day of song: 

The sword, the bayonet, the plume, 
Have crowded out of rhyme too long 

The plough, the anvil, and the loom! 
O, not upon our tented fields 

Are Freedom's heroes bred alone; 
The training of the Work-shop yields 

More heroes true than war has known! 

Who drives the bolt, who shapes the steel, 

May, with a heart as valiant, smite, 
As he who sees a foeman reel 

In blood before his blow of might! 
Let Labor, then, look up and see 

His craft no pith of honor lacks; 
The soldier's rifle yet shall be 

Less honored than the woodman's axe! 



When the great obelisk, brought from Egypt in 1586, was erected 
in the square of St. Peter's in Rome, the tackle was all arranged for the 
delicate and perilous work. To make all safe and prevent the possi- 
bility of accident from any sudden cry or alarm, a papal edict had 
proclaimed death to any man who should utter a loud word, till the 
engineer had given the order that all risk was passed. 

As the majestic monolith moved up, the populace closed in. The 
square was crowded with admiring eyes and beating hearts. Slowly 
that crystalization of Egyptian sweat rises on its base — five degrees, 
ten degrees, fifteen, twenty — there are signs of faltering. No matter 
— no voice — silence. It moves again — twenty-five, thirty, forty, 
forty-three — it stops! See! Those hempen cables which like faithful 
servants have obeyed the mathematician have suddenly received an 
order from God not to hold that base steady another instant on those 
terms. The obedient masons look at each other, — silent, — and then 
watch the threatening masses of stone. Among the crowd, silence,— 
silence everywhere, obedience to law, — and the sun shone on the 
stillness and despair. 



388 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



Suddenly from out of the breathless throng rang a cry, clear as 
the archangel's trumpet, — ''Wet the ropes!" The crowd turned to 
look. Tiptoe on a post, in a jacket of homespun, his eyes full of 
prophetic fire, stood a workman of the people. His words flashed like 
lightning and struck. From the engineer tO' his lowest assistant the 
cry had instant obedience. Water was dashed on the cables; they bit 
fiercely into the granite; the windlasses were manned once more, and 
the obelisk rose to its place and took its stand for centuries. — Adapted. 



What tho' on hamely fare we dine, 

Wear hoddin gray, and a' that; 
Gie fools their silks, and knaves their wine, 

A man's a man for a' that! 

For a' that, and a' that. 

Their tinsel show, and a' that; 
The honest man, though e'er sae poor. 

Is king o' men for a' that. 

Then let us pray that come it may — 

As come it will for a' that — 
That sense and worth, o'er a' the earth. 

May bear the gree, and a' that; 

For a' that, and a' that. 

It's comin* yet_, for a' that, 
That man to man, the warld o'er. 

Shall brothers be for a' that! 

— Robert Burns. 



Ashamed to toil, art thou? Ashamed of thy dingy work-shop ajid 
dusty labor-field; of thy hard hand, scarred with service more honor- 
able than that of war; of thy soiled and weather-stained garments, on 
which mother Nature has embroidered, midst sun and rain, midst fire 
and steam, her own heraldic honors? Ashamed of these tokens and 
titles, and envious of the flaunting robes of im.becile idleness and vanity? 
It is treason to Nature, — it is impiety to Heaven, — it is breaking 
Heaven's great ordinance. Toil, I repeat — toil, — ■ either of the brain, 
of the heart, or of the hand, is the only true manhood, the only true 
nobility ! — Orville Dewey. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 

It is believed that pupils may become interested in the study of 
American histor}^ by presenting for their study and investigation its 
important events on the anniversaries of their occurrence. Experi- 
enced teachers recognize the value of having at hand a few dates 
around which may be grouped a number of facts with sufficient 
accuracy to preserve that sequence of events so necessary to the study 
of history. What dates should be remembered is not particularly es- 
sential, and each pupil may largely be allowed to choose those which 
interest him personally or are in some way connected with his indi- 
vidual experiences. 

The following arrangement of dates has been compiled for use in 
morning exercises in schools, in the belief that if used intelKgently 
such exercises will materially aid the avowed purpose of this volume 
in stimulating* an intelligent patriotism, through a knowledge of 
events that have been influential in shaping the development of our 
country to its present marv^elous greatness and have added to its 
acknowledged prestige. 

The references have, so far as possible, been chosen from works 
easily accessible^ but they may always be supplemented to advantage 
by the alert and enterprising teacher. Either a class or a particular 
pupil chosen for the work should carefully study the history relating 
to the event which is the subject of a morning exercise, preparatory 
to its presentation, and should, under the direction of the teacher, 
provide short recitations or quotations supplementary to those given 
in connection with the several dates. Abundant material may be 
obtained from the excellent selections given in this volume. 

It is suggested that pupils whose birthdays are the same as the 
anniversary of an event which is the subject of a morning exercise 
should be chosen to take part therein. It is also suggested that morn- 
ing exercises should be limited to fifteen minutes. 

(389) 



390 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



In the arrangement, September has been placed first in order to 
correspond substantially with the opening of the schools of our State. 
As the dates in any given list must differ materially in importance, 
those of greater moment in the list presented have been printed in 
black-face type in order that they may be readily distinguished from 
others of minor importance but still of interest locally or in connection 
with other school work. 

Believing that the faithful and efficient teaching force of the State 
will find much that is helpful in the material submitted, I unhesitat- 
ingly commit to their care the great interests which this particular 
work, as well as this entire volume, is intended to promote. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 

September i, 1675. — Attack on Hadley. 

The Indians under Philip attacked Hadley. Most of the garrison were absent. 
Moreover it was a feast day, and the people were in the meeting-house when 
the alarm was given. The colonists were almost driven back when Gofte, the 
regicide, suddenly appeared, led the troops, repulsed the Indians, and as sud- 
denly disappeared. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

September 2, 1864. — Capture of Atlanta. 

General Sherman, by a series of masterly movements, compelled the Con- 
federates to retreat, and riter crossing the almost inaccessible country between 
Chattanooga and Atlanta, finally succeeded in capturing the important military 
' center, Atlanta, the most important strategic point in possession of the Con- 
fe'^.erates in the southeast. 

References: 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis. 
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 

September 3, 1783. — Treaty of peace signed at Paris. (This treaty- 
marked the close of the Revolutionary War.) 
References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
History of the United States, vol. X. — Bancroft. 
Rise of the Republic of the United States. — Frothingham. 

Appropriate Selections: 

The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Revolution, from David Ramsay's 
History of the American Revolution. 

September 5, 1774. — First Continental Congress. 

The first Continental Congress met in Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, Septem- 
ber 5, 1774. Every colony except Georgia was represented, and the delegates 
were the ablest politicians of the colonies. Its chief work was the adoption of 
ja Declaration of Rights, and the establishment of the American Association. 

(391) 



392 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

References! 

Rise of the Republic of the United States. — Frothingham. 
American History Leaflets, No. ii. 
History of the United States. — Hildreth. 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
History of the United States. — Bancroft. 

Appropriate Selections: 

" The Continental Congress and its Doings." — Edmund Olliver. 
" The First American Congress." — Maxey. 

Selection: 

" When liberty is the prize, who would shun the warfare, who would stoop 
to waste a coward thought on life? We esteem no sacrifice too great, no con- 
flict too severe, to redeem our inestimable rights and privileges. 'Tis for you, 
brethren, for ourselves, for our united posterity, we hazard all; and permit us 
humbly to hope that such a measure of vigilance, fortitude, and perseverance 
will still be afforded us that, by patiently suffering and nobly doing, we may 
eventually secure that more precious than Hesperian fruit, the golden apples of 
freedom. We see the hand of heaven in the rapid and wonderful union of the 
colonies; and that generous and universal emulation to prevent the sufferings 
of the people of this place gives a prelibation of the cup of deliverance. May 
unerring Wisdom dictate the measures to be recommended by the Congress; 
may a smiling God conduct this people through the thorny paths of difficulty 
and finally gladden our hearts with success." 

September 5, 1887. — Labor Day first observed in the State of New- 
York. 

September 7, 1888. — Congress prohibited Chinese immigration. 

September 8, 1565. — Founding of St. Augustine. 

On the eighth of September, 1565, Don Pedro Menendez, a Spaniard, com- 
menced to lay the foundation of St. Augustine, Florida, the oldest town in the 
United States. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Narrative and Critical History of the United States. — Winsor. 
Pioneers of France in the New World.— Parkman. 
Discovery of America. — Fiske. 

September 9, 1850. — California admitted to the Union. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



393 



September lo, 1813. — Battle of Lake Erie. 

Perry, in command of the American ships, met a British fleet 'of six ships^ 
and a hard-fought battle of four hours ensued. The result was a brilliant victory 
for the Americans; it established their naval supremacy on Lake Erie, Detroit 
was evacuated by the British, the Indians of Michigan were intimidated. Perry's 
motto for the day was Lawrence's dying words: " Don't give up the ship," and 
his message to Harrison after the victory, " We have met the enemy and they 
are ours." 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
History of the Navy. — Mac,lay. 

History of the Navy of the United States. — Cooper. 
History of the Battle of Lake Erie. — Bancroft. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Selection from > The Second War between England and the United States, — 
Headley. 

September 11, 1777. — Battle of Brandy wine Creek. 

At the landing of Howe's fleet at Chesapeake jiay, Washington marched to 
Brandywine to make a stand for Philadelphia, but superior numbers and 
stratagem gave the enemy the victory. While the Americans were being at- 
tacked from the front, a part of the British forces secretly fell upon them in the 
rear and routed them. 

References: 

The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
Popular History of the United States.— Anderson. 
Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
1776. — Lossing. 

September 11, 18 14. — Battle of Plattsburg and McDonough's victory. 

A large British army advanced from Canada to attack Plattsburg, and at the 
same time their fleet, commanded by Commodore Donnie, began an attack upon 
the American fleet under Commodore McDonough, then lying in the bay of 
Plattsburg. Both land and naval contests were sharp and decisive. All the 
British vessels, with the exception of some galleys, were captured, while the 
army hastily retreated. 

References: 

History of the Navy. — Maclay. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 
Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 



2Q4 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

September 13, 1759.— Taking of Quebec. 

The great object of the campaign of 1759 was the reduction of Canada. 
General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec; Amherst was to reduce Ticonderoga 
and Crown Point, and then co-operate with Wolfe; and General Prideaux was 
to capture Niagara and Montreal and then join Amherst. 

During July, Niagara surrendered, and Johnson, successor to Prideaux, in- 
stead of going to Montreal, made his way to Albany. The French abandoned 
both Ticonderoga and Crown Point without striking a blow, and Amherst went 
into winter quarters, failing Wolfe. With 8,000 men Wolfe ascended the St. 
Lawrence and landed his army on the isle of Orleans. On July 31st, he made 
a daring, through unsuccessful, attempt upon the French intrenchments at Mont- 
morencie, near Quebec. Not discouraged by the disaster, the English continued 
the struggle, and finally effected a landing at night about two miles above the 
city, and, climbing the steep banks of the river, by daybreak on September 13th, 
stood on the Plains of Abraham, in battle array. This battle virtually decided 
the French and Indian war, and the suprem^acy of the English in America. 

References : 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
History of the United States. — Hildreth. 
History of the United States. — Bancroft. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Taking of Quebec and Death of Wolfe. — Parkman. 
Elegy in a Country Churchyard. — Gray. 

September 13, 1814. — Bombardment of Fort McHenry, Baltimore. 

After the burning of Washington, Ross started to attack Baltimore, but was 
slain on the way. His forces, checked for a time by the militia, prepared to co- 
operate with a fleet of sixteen vessels. But Fort McHenry hindered the advance 
of the fleet, and after a twenty-four hours' bombardment the British with- 
drew. 

References: 

History of the Navy. — Maclay. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 
Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 

Appropriate Selections: 

The Star Spangled Banner. — Key. 

The Flag of Washington.— F. W. Gillett. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



395 



September 14, 1807. — Fulton first ascended the Hudson by steam 
power. 

This experiment was the beginning of the revolution in methods of navigation. 

September 14, 1847. — Occupation of the City of Mexico. 

The approaches to the City of Mexico were strongly guarded by batteries and 
troops, but by perseverance and daring all were overcome, and Santa Anna and 
his army fled. 

September 14, 1847, " General Scott, at the head of the American troops, made 
a triumphal entry into the city." 

References: 

History of the Mexican War. — Mansfield. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
^ Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 

Our Country. — Lossing. 

War with Mexico. — R. S. Ripley. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Selection from Mansfie,ld's History of the Mexican War. 

September 15, 1789. — James Fenimore Cooper born. 

Selections from: 

The Spy. 

The Deerslayer. 

The Pathfinder. 

September 16, 1776. — Battle of Harlem Plains. 

While Washington's army was in New York, after the retreat from Long 
Island, it was decided to fortify Harlem Heights. Here the Americans were 
attacked by a strong detachment of British, and after a severe skirmish, were 
victorious. 

References : 

The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Battles of the Revolution. — Carrington. 
Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 

September 16, 1823. — Francis Parkman born. 

Selections from: 

The Conspiracy of Pontiac. 

France and England in North America — A Series of Historical Narratives. 



J 



396 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



September ly, 1787. — Adoption of the National Constitution at Phila- 
delphia. 

A stronger government than that provided for by the articles of confederation 
which had formerly held the colonies together, was fomid necessary, and a con- 
vention met at Philadelphia in May, 1787, to formulate a constitution. 

References : 

Critical Period of American History. — Fiske. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

Rise of the Republic of the United States. — Frothingham. 

1776. — Lossing. 

Appropriate Selections: 

The Building of the Ship. — Longfellow. 
Insufficiency of the Confederation. — Hamilton. 
See Dexter Smith, p. 318. 



September 17, 1862. — Battle of Antietam. 

Taking advantage of the weak condition of the Union army, the Confederates, 
under General Lee, marched towards Washington, but were confronted by the 
forces of Generals Bank and Pope. These generals were defeated, the latter in 
the second battle of Bull Run (August 29th and 30th); and Lee crossed the 
Potomac into Maryland. Meanwhile McClelJan had been recalled from the 
James, and, having assumed the command of the army in Maryland, defeated 
Lee in the battle of South Mountain and in the greater conflict of Antietam 
(September 17). Lee at once withdrew across the Potomac, but McClellan 
made no pursuit and in November was superseded by Burnside. 

References: 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis. 
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Barbara Frietchie. — Whittier. 

The Conflict at Antietam. — Lossing. 



September 18, 1793. — Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



397 



September i8j 1793. — President Washington laid the corner-stone of 
the National Capitol. 
See "The Capitol," p. 51. 

September 19, 1777. — First battle of Stillwater (Saratoga), or battle of 
Bemis Heights. 

Under ArnoM's and Kosciusko's direction. Gates had fortified Bemis Heights, 
a point which Burgoyne must cross on his way to Albany. The British, recog- 
nizing the necessity of pushing on, began the attack at once. The contest was 
ended by darkness, each side claiming the victory. Although the British re- 
mained on the field, their advance to Albany was stopped. The American loss 
equaled about half that of the British. 

References: 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
History of the United States. — Hildreth. 
1776. — Lossing. 

Appropriate Selection: 

The Right of the Line. See p. 20. 

September 19, 1863. — Battle of Chickamauga. 

In June, 1863, Rosecrans again undertook the task of capturing Chattanooga, 
but succeeded only so far as to compel Bragg to abandon the place. On 
September 19th, the Confederates under General Bragg suddenly attacked the 
Union forces under General Rosecrans at Chickamauga, and nearly routed 
them. But here, as at Murfreesboro, General George H. Thomas saved the day 
by holding the center of the Union position. 

References: 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis. 
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Rosecrans and the Chickamauga Company — Major William J. Richards, in 
War Papers. 

September 19, 1881. — Garfield died. Arthur became President. 
September 20, 1697. — Peace of Ryswick, ending King William's war. 
September 20, 1703. — Beginning of Queen Anne's war. 



398 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



September 22, 1780. — Meeting of Arnold and Andre. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
The American Revolution. — Fiske, 
1776. — Lossing. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Diary of the American Revolution, — Moore. 

The Treason of Arnold, by Jared Sparks in Half-Hours with American His- 
tory, by Morris. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Execution of Major Andre, in Letter to Lawrens, by Alexander Hamilton, 

in Anderson's United States Reader. 
Andre's Last Request. — Willis. 

Benedict Arnold. — Garden. See Anderson's United States Reader. 
^* I was born in America, I lived there to the prime of my life; but alas, I can 

call no man in America my friend." — Arnold. 

September 23, 1779. — Paul Jones' naval victory. 

Paul Jones, with a smajl squadron, encountered two British frigates and a, 
merchant fleet olT the coast of Great Britain. Jones lashed his flagship, The 
Bon Homme Richard, to the British ship Serapis and one of the most desperate 
of sea-fights ensued, lasting from seven until ten, when the frigates struck their 
flags. It was the first naval victory won under the American flag. 

References: 

The American Revolution. — Fiske. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

1776. — Lossing. 

History of the Navy of the United States of America. — Cooper. 

American History told by Contemporaries. — Hart. 

Life of Paul Jones. — Mackenzie. 

History of the Navy. — Maclay. 

September 24, 1669. — Fort Orange surrendered to the English and was 
renamed Albany. 



September 24, 1846. — Surrender of Monterey. 

After a series of assaults by General Taylor's troops, Monterey capitulated, a 
city strong in natural defenses and furthermore garrisoned by ten thousand 
troops. The American force was far inferior. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 399 

References: 

Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 
Our Country. — Lossing. 
War with Mexico. — R. S. Ripley. 
History of the Mexican War. — Mansfield. 

Appropriate Selections: 

The Martyr of Monterey. — Rev. J. G. Lyons. 
Monterey. — Charles F. Hoffman, p. 324. 

September 24, 1869. — " Black Friday " in New York. 

On the 24th of September, 1869, there was a terrific panic in the gold-room 
on Wall street, New York, when a few conspirators held nearly all the gold in 
this country, and would give it out only at ruinous prices. A telegram from 
the Secretary of the Treasury at Washington offering $4,000,000 of gold for sale 
made a great faU in the price, and relieved the financial situation. The business 
of the country suffered for months because of the effects of the panic. 

References: 

School History of the United States. — Lee. 

September 25, 15 13. — Discovery of the Pacific ocean by Balboa. 

In 1513, Balboa, the governor of the Spanish Colony at the Isthmus of Darien, 
while crossing the isthmus, gained the summit of a mountain from which he dis- 
covered the Pacific Ocean. After falling on his knees and thanking God for the 
privilege of being the discoverer of this great ocean, he descended to the sea- 
shore and took possession of the whole coast in the name of the Spanish Crown. 

References : 

Discovery of America, vol. II.- — Fiske. 
America^ vol. II, — Winsor 

Appropriate Selections: 

Discovery of Pacific Ocean. — Irving. 

September 25, 1690. — First newspaper in America. 

On September 25, 1690, there appeared in Boston the first newspaper in 
America, called " Public Occurrences," but the Legislature suppressed its publi- 
cation after the first number. 

References: 

History of the United States.— E. E. Childs. 



400 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

September 28, 1868. — Chinese Embassy. 

In 1868 China sent to the United States the first embassy she had ever com- 
missioned to any foreign nation. 



October 3, 1800. — George Bancroft born. 
A prominent historian. 



October 4, 1777. — Battle of Germantown. 

At sunrise on October 4th, Washington, with a large force, surprised the 
British at Germantown. " At first his success was complete, but a dense fog 
finally frustrated his plans, and, seeing that the day was lost, he ordered a 
retreat." 

References : 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 

American Revolution. — Fiske. 

1776. — Lossing. 

History of the United States.— Bancroft. 

October 5, 1813. — Battle of the Thames. 

After Perry's victory on Lake Erie, American forces commanded by Harrison 
overtook the British and Indians commanded by Proctor and Tecumseh and 
defeated them. Tecumseh was slain and all that Hull had previously lost was 
was regained. 

References: 

Half-Hours with American History. — Morris. 
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Battles of the United States. — Dawson, 

October 7, 1765. — Stamp Act Congress. 

As a result of the Stamp Act, delegates from all the colonies except Virginia, 
North Carolina, Georgia and New Hampshire, met at New York to decide upon 
some plan of opposition, and sent petitions to the king and commons. The 
unrepresented colonies also sent similar petitions. 

References: 

Rise of the Republic of the United States. — Frothingham. 
Popular History of the United States, vol. III. — Bryant. 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
American History Told by Contemporaries, vol. II. — Hart. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. ^qi 

Appropriate Selections: 

It was in opposing the Stamp Act that Patrick Henry said, " Caesar had his 
Brutus; Charles I., his Cromwell; and George III.," — "Treason, Treason! " cried 
his opponents. The orator paused, looked the speaker of the house calmly in 
the eyes and finished his sentence — " may profit by their example. If this be 
treason, make the most of it." 

British Orations. — Adams. 

October 7, 1777. — Battle of Saratoga. 

Finding that he must either fight or surrender, Burgoyne attempted to cut his 
way through the American lines, but in spite of his determined exertions he was 
compelled to fall back. The battle of Saratoga is classed as one of the fifteen 
decisive battles of the world. 

References: 
American Revolution. — Fiske, 
Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
1776. — Lossing. 
History of the United States. — Bancroft. 

October 7, 1780. — Battle of King's Mountain. 

The British under Ferguson were attacked and defeated at King's Mountain. 
The Americans ascended in three divisions on three sides, thus gradually en- 
trapping the British, as the fourth side was too steep for retreat. 

References : 

The American Revolution. — Fiske. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

1776. — Lossing. 

King's Mountain and Its Heroes. — Draper. 

October 7, 1826. — First Railroad in the United States. 

A railroad was put Into operation at Quincy, Mass., to transport granite about 
three miles to tide-water. Granite sleepers were used, upon which timbers 
were placed, and on these flat bars of iron were spiked. The cars were drawn 
by horses. This is commonly supposed to be the first railroad in America, but 
there is reported to have been an earlier one of unknown date in Pennsylvania. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
American Centenary. — Lossing. 

26 



402 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



October 9, 1779. — Abandonment of the Siege of Savannah. 

General Lincoln, in command of the patriot forces of the South, with the help 
of the French fleet, tried to recover Savannah. After a three weeks' siege, an 
assault was made. The Americans were repulsed with heavy loss. 

References: 

Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 
American Revolution. — Fiske. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
1776. — Lossing. 

Appropriate Selections: 
Pulaski's Banner. — LongfeUow. 

October 12, 1492. — Discovery of America. 

Christopher Columbus, the discoverer of America, was born In the city of 
Genoa, Italy. Believing the earth to be round, he concluded that by sailing 
westward he would reach India sooner than by the usual route by way of Egypt 
and the Red Sea. Genoa refused his applications for aid, as did also Portugal 
and England, but Spain finally came to his assistance. A little over four hundred 
years ago, on Friday, the third of August, Columbus sailed from the port of 
Palos, in Spain, and ten weeks later, on Friday, the 12th of October, 1492, he 
landed at San Salvador, one of the Bahamas. 

References: 

Students' History of the United States. — Channing. 
History of the United States. — Bancroft. 
History of the United States. — Hildreth. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Landing of Columbus. — From Irving's Life and Voyage of Columbus. 

Landing of Columbus. — Robertson. 

First Voyage of Columbus. — Joanna Bartle. 

Character of Columbus. — Irving. 

Chauncey M. Depew, p. 162. 

Columbus Day, p. 157. 

October 13, 1812. — Battle on Queenstown Heights. 
References : 

History of the Second War with England. — J. H. Headley. 
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Battles of the United States.— Dawson. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



403 



October 16, 1859. — John Brown's Raid at Harper's Ferry. 

John Brown took an active part in the Kansas troubles. An ardent aboli- 
tionist, he formed plans to liberate the slaves. Collecting a small, well-armed 
force, he suddenly seized the arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, October 16, 
1859. After a desperate resistance, he was captured, tried, and executed. The 
event was of the utmost importance in the development of the Civil war. 

References: 

Life of John Brown. — F. B. Sanborn. 

History of the United States. — Schouler. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850. — Rhodes. 

Appropriate Selections: 
The Battle-Cry of Freedom. 

October 17, 1777. — Surrender of Burgoyne. 

As a result of the Battle of Saratoga, Burgoyne was forced to surrender, for 
he was hedged in without provisions by the patriot forces. 

References: 

American Revolution. — Fiske. 

1776. — Lossing. 

Half-Hours with American History. — Morris. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

Appropriate Selections: 
Surrender of Burgoyne. — Anderson's United States Reader. 
Burgoyne's Surrender. — George William Curtis. 

October 18, 183 1. — Helen Fiske Hunt Jackson born. 

Selections from: 
Ramona. 
A Century of Dishonor, 

October 19, 1781. — Surrender of Cornwallis. 

Cormvallis, shut up in Yorktown^ attacked by sea and land, was compelled to 
surrender. This virtually ended the Revolutionary war, although nearly two 
years elapsed before the final treaty of Paris. 

References: 

The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
1776. — Lossing. 



404 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Selection from Holmes' Annals of America. 

Yorktown, — Whittier. 

The Battle of Yorktown.— See p. 179. 

October 22, 1776. — Execution of Nathan Hale. 

References: „ 

The Two Spies.— Lossing. I 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
History of the United States. — Hildreth. 

Appropriate Selections: I 

A Brave Man's Death. — Anonymous. 
Nathan Hale. — Frances Miles Finch. 
The Bajlad of Nathan Hale. — Anonymous. 
" I regret that I have but one life to give to my country." — Capt. Nathan Hale. 

October 25, 1812. — The United States captured the Macedonian. 

The frigate United States, Commodore Decatur, compelled the Macedonian 
to surrender after a two-hours' action west of the Canary Islands. 

References: 
History of the Navy. — Maclay. 

History of the Navy of the United States. — Cooper. 
Pictorial Field^Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 

October 28, 1776.— Battle of White Plains. 

As Washington's forces on Harlem Heights were so strong, Howe determined 
to gain his rear. But Washington, informed of Howe's movements, crossed the 
Harjem River to meet him, and at White Plains a severe battle was fought. The 
Americans were driven to the hills of North Castle, whither the British dared 
not go. 

References: 

Battles of the United States.— Dawson. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

American Revolution. — Fiske. 

Battles of the American Revolution. — Carrington. 

History of the United States. — Bancroft. 

October 28, 1886. — Bartholdi's Statue of Liberty Enlightening the 
World, the gift of the French people, was formally unveiled in 
New York Harbor. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



405 



October 30, 1753. — French and Indian war. 

The French having seized three British traders, and built forts on the land 
of the Ohio Company, an association formed under a royal grant to trade with 
the Indians, Governor Dinwiddie of the Virginia Colony selected George 
Washington, then about twenty-two, to carry a letter of remonstrance to the 
French commandant — the first public service of importance performed by 
Washington. 

References: 

History of the United States. — Anderson. 
History of the United States. — Hildreth. 
History of the United States. — Bancroft. 
School History of the United States. — Lee. 
America, vol. V. — Winsor. 

Appropriate Selections : 

Incidents of Washington's Journey. — Lossing. 

October 31, 1864. — Nevada admitted to the Union. 

November i, 1683. — Original counties of New York established. 

Albany, Dutchess, Kings, New York, Orange, Queens, Richmond, Suffolk, 
Ulster, and Westchester. 

November i, 1889. — Washington admitted to the Union. 

November 2, 1889. — North Dakota admitted to the Union. 
South Dakota admitted to the Union. 

November 3, 1794. — William Cullen Bryant born. 

His " Thanatopsis," 1817, marks the first date in our true American poetry. 

Selections: 
Thanatopsis. 
Forest Hymn. 
Antiquity of Freedom. 

November 7, 181 1. — Battle of Tippecanoe. 

In the troubles prior to the war of 1812, the British again excited the Indians 
to make war upon the American frontier. General Harrison took measures 
against them, and at Tippecanoe was treacherously attacked by the Prophet, a 
brother of the Indian leader. After one of the most desperate battles ever fought 
with the Indians, the Americans repulsed them with heavy losses. 



4o6 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



References: 

Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Our Country. — Lossing. 

November 7, 1814. — Seizure of Pensacola. 

During the war of 1812, the Spaniards at Pensacola allowed the British to 
take possession of their forts and fit out expeditions against the United States. 
General Jackson, with 3,000 men, marched to Pensacola, seized the town, and 
forced the British to leave. 

References: 

Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

November 8, 1889. — Montana admitted to the Union. 

November 11, 1778. — Massacre at Cherry Valley. 

A party of Tories and Indians fell upon Cherry Valley, and killed or carried 
away captive many of the inhabitants. 

References: 

The American Revolution. — Fiske. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

1776. — Lossing. 

History of the United States. — Bancroft. 

November 12, 1824. — Orleans county erected from territory of Genesee. 

November 15, 1777. — Articles of Confederation. 

The representatives of Congress entered into the Articles of Confederation, 
November 15, 1777. The Confederacy was to be " the United States of 
America; " each state was to retain its sovereignty and independence. The 
states were united for their common defence. 

References : 

American Revolution. — Fiske. 
History of the United States. — Bancroft. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
1776. — Lossing. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



407 



November 16, 1776. — Capture of Fort Washington by the British. 

After the battle of White Plains, Howe sent a force of Hessians to attack Fort 
Washington. They captured it with a loss of 1,000 men while more than 2,000 
American prisoners were taken. 

References : 

The American Revolution.— Fiske. 

Battles of the American Revolution. — Carrington. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

November 19, 1863. — Dedication of the National Cemetery at Gettys- 
burg. 

One of the most interesting events of the year 1863 was the dedication of the 
National cemetery at Gettysburg. It took place in the presence of a vast con- 
course of visitors,, and an oration was delivered by Edward Everett. The brief 
address of President Lincoln on that occasion was especially admired for 
the touching pathos of its sentiment and the simple beauty of its diction. 
Of all his utterances this is undoubtedly the most expressive of the purity and 
loftiness of his character. 

Appropriate Selections: 

National Cemetery at Gettysburg — Address at National Cemetery at 

Gettysburg. — Edward Everett. 
Lincoln's Gettysburg address, p. 337. 

November 23-25, 1863. — Battle of Chattanooga. 

When Thomas took command of the army after the battle of Chickamauga, 
he was obliged to shelter his army in Chattanooga, where Bragg blockaded it. 
Meanwhile Grant with the combined armies west of the Alleghanies, Sherman's 
corps, and Hooker, with a detachment from the army of the Potomac, arrived 
at the scene of action. The Confederate center was carried by assault; Lookout 
Mountain was cleared in the " battle above the clouds; " all the strong Confeder- 
ate positions were taken, and Bragg's army completely routed. 

References: 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis. 
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War.— Dodge. 
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Midnight on Missionary Ridge. — Captain A. C. Ford. 
Missionary Ridge. — Brevet Lieut.-Col. Martin L. Bundy. 



4o8 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



November 24, 1832. — Nullification Act. 

The cotton-growing states objected to the tariff of 1828, which was to encour- 
age and protect the manufacture of certain articles in America by imposing a 
heavy duty upon imports. South Carolina openly opposed the law; a convention 
ordained that the tariff law was null and void, and that if the government should 
attempt to enforce, South Carolina would secede from the Union. Soon, how- 
ever, quiet was restored by a compromise bill providing for the gradual reduction 
of the duties. 

References : 

United States. — Rhodes. 

United States. — Schouler. 

Half-Hours with American History. — Morris. 

Select Documents of United States History. — Macdonald. 

A ppropriate Selections : 
Johnston's Orations. — vol, IV. 

November 25, 1783. — Evacuation Day. 

On November 25, the British army left New York, while Washington and 
Governor Clinton took possession. It was a scene of public festivity. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

1776. — Lossing. 

Critical Period of American History. — Fiske. 

November 29, 1802. — Ohio admitted to the Union. 

November 29, 181 1. — Wendell Phillips born. 

Selections from: 

Toussaint I'Ouverture. 
The Lost Arts. 

December 2, 1823. — Monroe Doctrine. 

Napoleon's triumph in Spain led to revolts in the Spanish Colonies in America; 
another so-called " Holy Alliance " had been suggested to consider aiding Spain 
to reduce the Colonies; and Russia had claimed part of the Pacific coast of North 
America. Finally Great Britain proposed that England and the United States 
should unite in a declaration against European intervention in America. The 
proposal was declined. In his annual message, Monroe stated the policy known 
as the Monroe Doctrine: "America for Americans." 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 409 

References: 

Select Documents of United States History. — Macdonald. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Students' History of the United States.— Channing. 

December 3, 1818. — Hlinois admitted to the Union. 

December 4, 1682. — Establishment of the Quaker colony in Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Actuated by a desire to found a colony where civil and religious liberty might 
be enjoyed, and where the people might dwell together in peace, William Penn 
obtained from Charles H. a tract of land west of the Delaware and called it 
Pennsylvania. After several conferences with the Indians, he met them beneath 
the wide-spreading elm at a place now called Kensington, a part of Philadelphia, 
where he made his famous treaty of peace and friendship with the Redmen — 
a treaty ** never sworn to and never broken." 

References : 

School History of the United States. — Lee. 
Ha f-Hours with American History. — Morris. 
History of the United States.— Hildreth. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Penn's Treaty with the Indians, in Anderson's United States Reader. 

December 4, 1783. — Washington took leave of his ofificers and gave up 
the active command of the American army. 
References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Our Country. — Lossing. 

Appropriate Selections: 
Washington's Address to the Officers of the Army. 

December 10, 1817. — Mississippi admitted to the Union. 

December 10, 1898. — Treaty of peace signed between Spain and the 
United States. 

The Commissioners of both governments met In Paris In October and ex- 
changed their powers. The negotiations then begun, lasted until December 
10, when the treaty was signed. The Americans did their work among hostile 
nations, in a way which added another triumph to the annals of American 
diplomacy. 



410 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

References: 

The War with Spain.— H. C. Lodge. 

Appropriate Selections: 

The Peace Conference and the Moral Aspect of War. — North American Re- 
view, October, 1899. 

December 11, 1777. — Washington's army went into winter quarters at 
Valley Forge. 
References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
History of the United States. — Bancroft. 
1776. — Lossing. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Selections from the Life of General Greene. — Greene. 
Selection from Irving's Life of Washington. 

December 11, 1816. — Indiana admitted to the Union. 

December 13, 1862. — Battle of Fredericksburg. 

Led by General Burnside, their new commander, the Union army crossed 
the Rappahannock, the design being to march against Richmond by the route 
from Fredericksburg. Fredericksburg was taken December 13, but, after a 
disastrous attempt to carry the works behind the city, the river was recrossed. 
The horror of Fredericksburg Jed to Burnside's deposition from the command 
of the army of the Potomac. 

References: 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis. 
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 

Appropriate Selections: 
Wanted — a man. — E. C. Stedman. 
Fredericksburg. — W. F. H., in Richard Grant White's Poetry of the War. 

December 14, 1799. — Death of Washington. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Cur Country. — Lossing. 

Appropriate Selections: 
The Half-Masted Flag.— p. 25. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 411 

December 14, 1819. — Alabama admitted to the Union. 

December 16, 1773. — Boston tea-party. 

The East India Company sent several shiploads of tea to the Colonies. The 
colonists, however, refused to pay the tax, in spite of the extremely low price of 
the tea, and at Boston, December 16, 1773, a small band of men disguised as 
Indians, boarded the ships and threw the tea overboard. The action shows the 
strict adherence to principle which characterized the colonists. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

The American Revolution. — Fiske. 

Rise of the Republic of the United States. — Frothingham. 

American History Told by Contemporaries, vol. II. — Hart. 

Appropriate Selections: 

" It is not, Mr. Moderator, the spirit that vapors within these walls that must 
stand us in stead. The exertions of this day will call forth events which will 
make a very different spirit necessary for our salvation. Whoever sup- 
poses that shouts and hosannas will terminate the trials of the day enter- 
tains a childish fancy. We must be grossly ignorant of the importance and 
value of the prize for which we contend; we must be equally ignorant of 
the power of those who have combined against us; we must be blind to that 
malice, inveteracy, and insatiable revenge which actuates our enemies, pub- 
lic and private, abroad and in our bosom, to hope that we shall end this 
controversy without the sharpest conflicts, — to flatter ourselves that popular 
resolves, popular harangues, popular acclamations, and popular vapor will 
vanquish our foes. Let us consider the issue. Let us look to the end. Let 
us weigh and consider before we advance to those measures which must 
bring on the most trying and terrific struggle this country ever saw." — 
Josiah Quincy, Jr. 

December 17, 1807. — John Greenleaf Whittier born. 
See p. 152. 

December 18, 1867. — Abolition of slavery in the United States. 

A resolution of Congress, proposing an amendment to the Constitution, 
abolishing slavery, having been approved by three-fourths of the states, slavery 
was declared constitutionally abolished. 

December 19, 1675. — Attack on the Narragansett Fort. 

References: 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 



412 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Appropriate Selections: 
The Indian Hunter. — Longfellow. 
Death and Character of King Philip, from Irving's Sketch-Book. 

December 20, i860. — Secession of South Carolina. 

After an exciting canvass, in i860, in which the slavery question was the 
all-absorbing topic, the election resulted in favor of Abraham Lincoln, the can- 
didate of the Republican party. When it became known that the party opposed 
to the further extension of slavery had been successful, public meetings were 
held in South Carolina to bring about a secession of that State from the Union; 
and, on the 20th of December, i860, an ordinance of secession was passed by a 
state convention held in Charleston. Six days later, hostilities commenced 
which led directly to the great Civil war. 

References: 

Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 
Division and Reunion. — Wilson. 
Story of the Civil War.— Ropes. 
United States. — Rhodes. 
Confederate States. — Davis. 

Appropriate Selections: 

In American Orations. — Johnston. 

Brother Jonathan's Lament for Sister Caroline.— O. W. Holmes. 

The Ordinance of Nullification. — Edward Everett. 

December 21, 1864. — Occupation of Savannah. 

Having destroyed Atlanta, September 2, Sherman made his memorable march 
through Georgia to the sea coast and occupied Savannah, Dec. 21, 1864. 

References: 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis. 
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 
Story of Our Civil War. — Ropes. 
Students' History of the United States. — Channing. 
Civil War in America. — Lossing. 

Appropriate Selections: 
Sherman's March to the Sea — Wm. T. Sherman in Half-Hours with Ameri- 
can History. — Morris, 

December 22, 1620. — Landing of Pilgrims. 

The first permanent settlement in New England was made at Plymouth by a 
small band of pilgrims, dissenters from the Church of England, who fled from 
their own country to find religious freedom. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 413 

References: 

Popular History of the United States.— Anderson. 
History of the United States.— Hildreth. 
History of the United States. — Bancroft. 

Appropriate Selections: 

The Pilgrims. — Everett. 

Landing of the Pilgrims. — Southey. 

Settlement of Plymouth.— Palfrey, in History of New England. 

The Pilgrim Fathers. — Pierpont. 

The Landing of the Pilgrims. — p. 163. 

John Boyle O'Reilly.— p. 167. 

Landing of the Pilgrims. — p. 167 

December 23, 1783. — Washington resigned his commission to Congress. 

References: 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Rise of the Republic of the United States. — Frothingham. 
Critical Period of American History. — Fiske. 

Appropriate Selections: 

The closing scene from Wiljiam Gordon's History of the Rise, Progress, and 

Establishment of the Independence of the United States of America. 
Selection from Ramsay's Life of Washington. 

December 24, 18 14. — Treaty of Ghent. 

About a month after the defeat of the British at New Orleans, news came that 
a treaty of peace had been signed at Ghent. "Peace! peace! peace! was the 
deep, harmonious, universal anthem. The whole night, Broadway sang its song 
of peace; and the next day, Sunday, all the churches sent up hymns of thanks- 
giving for the joyous tidings." 

References: 

Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

December 26, 1776. — Battle of Trenton. 

The Americans were at this time gloomy and almost despairing of victory; 
their army had met defeat, hardship, and discouragement. The British troops 
were divided throughout New Jersey, a force of 1,200 being stationed at Tren- 
ton. On the night of the 25th, Washington himself led 2,z^oo trusted soldiers 
to the attack. They crossed the river in a fearful storm; the next morning 
marched nine miles to Trenton, through a driving storm, surprised and took the 
city. " That victory turned the shadows of Death into the morning." 



414 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

References: 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
. History of the United States. — Bancroft. 
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
1776. — Lossing. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Songs and Ballads of the Revolution. — Moore. 

The Battle of Trenton. — Henry Cabot Lodge, p. 260. 

December 28, 1835. — Second Seminole war. 

As a result of the attempt to remove the Seminole Indians of Florida to Jands 
west of the Mississippi, war again broke out. On December 28th, Osceola, the 
chief, suddenly attacked a house where General Thompson was dining, and 
killed five of the party. The same day Major Dade, with over 100 men, was at- 
tacked, and all but four men were massacred. The Americans could obtain no 
decided victory. Finally, Osceola appeared with a flag of truce, was captured, 
and imprisoned. Two months later, the Indians were defeated in a desperate 
battle near Lake Okeechobee. 

References: 

Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Our Country. — Lossing. 

Appropriate Selections: 
Osceola. — Lucy Hooper. 

December 28, 1846. — Iowa admitted to the Union. 

December 29, 1812. — The Constitution captured the Java. 

After a two hours' fight the United States frigate Constitution, Commodore 
Bainbridge, captured the Java off the coast of Brazil. 

References: 

History of the Navy. — Maclay. 

History of the Navy of the United States.— Cooper. 

Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 

Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 

December 29, 1845. — Texas admitted to the Union. 



i 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 415 

December 30, 1853. — The Gadsden Treaty. 

The interests of the United States in a transportation route across the isthmus 
of Tehuantepec occasioned extensive diplomatic correspondence between the 
United States and Mexico. In addition, the running of the boundary Une under 
the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo had been attended with difficulties. Both ques- 
tions were dealt with in the Gadsden treaty, December 30, 1853. The area ac- 
quired from Mexico was 45,535 square miles. 

Referetices: 
Select Documents of United States History. — Macdonald. 

December 31, 1775. — Attack on Quebec. 

After a long and hideous march through the wilderness in winter, Arnold 
reached the Plains of Abraham with only 550 of his 1,100 men. December ist, 
Montgomery arrived with his force and took command. As their numbers were 
small and their field pieces few, a stormy night was selected for the attack. 
The advance was made in two divisions, under Montgomery and Arnold, but 
early in the conflict Montgomery was killed and Arnold wounded so that the 
command fell upon Morgan. In spite of his desperate resistance, he was over- 
powered by numbers and forced to surrender, for the town had been warned 
of the movement, and had received reinforcements. 

References: 

The American Revolution. — Fiske. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

1776. — Lossing. 

History of the United States. — Hildreth. 



January i, 1831. — First issue of The Liberator. 

The Liberator, an abolitionist paper, was started by WiUiam Lloyd Garrison. 
It had an immense influence against slavery. 

References: 

Life of William Lloyd Garrison, by his sons. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Old South Leaflets, III., No. i. 
United States. — Schouler. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Selection from Old South Leaflets, No. 79. 



4i6 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



January i, 1863. — Emancipation proclamation. 

On the first of January, 1863, President Lincoln issued his memorable procla- 
mation, declaring free all the slaves within the borders of the States at war 
with the general government. By this measure, more than three millions of 
slaves were declared free. On the same day Galveston was taken; and the 
naval force before the place was captured, destroyed, or dispersed by the Con- 
federates. 

References: 

Old South Leaflets; General Series, No. H. 
Story of the Civil War. — Ropes. 
Life of Lincoln. — Morse. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Boston Hymn. — R. W. Emerson. 
Charles A. Dana. — p. 280. 

January i, 1879. — Resumption of specie payments. 

During the Civil war. Government notes were greatly depreciated and gold 
became a marketable product. At the close of the war, however, the price 
gradually declined; and on the first of January, 1879, the government and the 
banks resumed specie payments, gold and silver once more coming into general 



January i, 1899. — Nassau county erected from territory of Queens. 

January 2, 1776. — First Continental flag. 

It was composed of thirteen stripes and the union of the crosses of St. George 
and St. Andrew. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
A Brief History of the Flag.— See p. 5. 

January 3, 1777. — Battle of Princeton. 

Washington's small force was confronted at Trentoft by Cornwallis and a 
large army. As a battle seemed full of peril, Washington broke camp in the 
night, deceiving his enemy by keeping his camp-fires burning, and at sunrise 
met the British forces near Princeton. At first the Americans gave way, but 
Washington, with a select corps, routed the enemy. The British loss was abjut 
400 men, while the American loss was not more than thirty. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 417 

References: 

The American Revolution. — Fiske. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 

1776. — Lossing. 

History of the United States. — Bancroft. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Washington at Princeton. — Miss C. F. Orne. 

January 4, 1896. — Utah admitted to the Union. 

January 8, 181 5. — Battle of New Orleans. 

Jackson, in command of the American troops at New Orleans, had raised a 
line of defense extending a mile in front of the forces, while the Mississippi was 
on his right flank, and a jungle on his left. The British under Pakenham made 
an advance, but volley after volley was poured upon them until they had to flee. 
Pakenham was slain and 2,000 of his men were killed, wounded, or taken pris- 
oners. The Americans had seven killed and six wounded. 

References : 

Half-Hours with American History. — Morris. 
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Dirge for a Soldier. 

Battle of New Orleans. — Thomas Dunn English. 

Selection from Paxton's Life of Andrew Jackson. 

January 11, 1757. — Alexander Hamilton born. 

A statesman and leader of the Revolutionary period, and during the forma- 
tion of the Constitutional period. 

Selection from: 
The Federalist. 



January 17, 1706. — Benjamin Franklin born. 
Selections from: 

His Autobiography. 

27 



4i8 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

January 17, 1781. — Battle of the Cowpens. 

At the Cowpens, the British under Tarleton attacked the Americans com- 
manded by Morgan. After a severe battle, the British were completely routed, 
losing about eight hundred men, while the American loss was about eighty. 

References: 

Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
1776. — Lossing. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Selection from " Life of Nathaniel Greene." — George W. Greene. 

January 18, 1782. — Daniel Webster born. 

Selections from: 
The Reply to Hayne. 
Speech on the Fugitive Slave Law. 

January 19, 1809. — Edgar Allen Poe born. 

Selections: 

The Raven. 
The Bells. 

January 26, 1837. — Michigan admitted to the Union. 

January 27, 1789. — Ontario county erected from territory of Mont- 
gomery. 

January 29, 1861. — Kansas admitted to the Union. 

January 29, 1850. — Compromise of 1850. 

The compromise measures proposed by Clay, January 29, 1850, consisted of 
four acts providing for " The organization of territorial governments for New 
Mexico and Utah without mention of slavery; the establishment of the boundary 
of Texas; the abolition of the slave-trade in the District of Columbia; and the 
surrender to their masters of sjaves escaping to free states." The last measure 
was known as the Fugitive Slave Law. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY, 419 

References: 
United States. — Rhodes. 

The United States of America, 1765-1866. — Channing. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Select Documents of United States History. — Macdonald. 
Johnston's Orations, 

February 2, 1848. — Treaty of peace signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo 

(Close of the Mexican war.) 
By the treaty with Mexico, February 2, 1848, all the territory north of the 
Rio Grande, New Mexico and California was ceded to the United States; 
$15,000,000 was to be paid for the acquired territory and debts due from Mexico 
to American citizens shoujd be assumed by the United States. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
United States Reader. — Anderson. 

February 5, 1823. — Yates county erected from territory of Ontario. 

February 6, 1778. — Treaty between the United States and France. 

The alliance with France therein made insured the final independence of the 
United States. 

References : 

The American Revolution. — Fiske. 

American History Told by Contemporaries. — Hart. 

Half-Hours with American History. — Morris. 

1776. — Lossing. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

February 7, 1791. — Rensselaer county erected from territory of Albany. 
Saratoga county erected from territory of Albany. 

February 8, 1690. — Schenectady destroyed. 

The troubles between England and France led to war in the colonies between 
the English and French. On February 8, 1690, the first attack was made by the 
French and Indians. Albany was to be the place of attack, but the Indians 
chose Schenectady and the French followed. They quietly entered the town 
at midnight with no resistance, as the palisades were deserted, massacred m.any 
of the inhabitants and burned the town. 

References : 

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant. 



420 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

February 8, i860. — Organization of the Confederacy. 

On the 8th of February, a congress, composed of delegates from all the 
seceding states, except Texas, met at Montgomery, and four days later organ- 
ized a government by the adoption of a Provisional Constitution, assuming 
the title. Confederate States of America. On the 9th, this congress elected 
Jefiferson Davis President of the Confederacy, and on the 18th, Texas being 
represented, he was duly inaugurated. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
School History of the United States. — Lee. 
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 
Confederate States. — Davis. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Davis' Address. — Bennett, in Moore's Personal and Political Ballads. 
Jefferson Davis. — Cornwall, in Moore's Personal and Political Ballads. 

February 11, 1847. — Thomas Edison, the inventor of the phonograph, 
born. 

February 12, 18C9. — Abraham Lincoln born. 

The Birthday of Abraham Lincoln. — p. 269. 
Theodore Frelinghuysen. — p. 271 
Ralph Wa,ldo Emerson. — p. 274. 

February 14, 1859. — Oregon admitted to the Union. 

February 15, 1898. — Battle-ship Maine blown up in Havana Harbor. 

In 1895 occurred one of the numerous insurrections in Cuba against Spanish 
rule. In a short time people were forced to recognize the fact that this time 
the Cubans were determined to win their liberty. Affairs went from bad to 
worse and the Spanish cruelties towards the Cubans, and finally towards the 
Americans in Havana, led to the United States sending the battleship " Maine " 
to Havana as a protection in case of further atrocities. Spain was unduly 
suspicious, and the effects of its corrupt system of government were shown in 
the blowing up of the Maine and the killing of two hundred and sixty-four men 
and two officers, in the fancied security of a friendly harbor. 

References: 

The War with Spain. — Henry Cabot Lodge. 

Appropriate Selections: 
The Maine.- p. 198. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 421 

February 16, 1791. — Herkimer county erected from territory of Mont- 
gomery. 

Otsego county erected from territory of Mont- 
gomery. 

Tioga county erected from territory of Mont- 
gomery. 

February 16, 1807. — Frigate Philadelphia destroyed at Tripoli by 
Decatur. 

The Tripolitans were accustomed to capture merchant ships of different nations, 
and make slaves of their crews. Even the tribute money no longer restrained 
them and different expeditions were sent against them. In one of these, Com- 
modore Preble's frigate, Philadelphia, was captured and fitted up by the 
Tripolitans. Shortly afterwards, Stephen Decatur was sent to destroy the ship. 
At night he succeeded in entering the harbor unseen, boarding the Philadelphia, 
overcoming the Tripolitan guard, and destroying the vessel. A treaty of peace 
Vv^as made June 4, 1807. 

Appropriate Selections: 

See p. 22,7. 

References: 

History of the Navy. — Maclay. 

History of the Navy of the United States. — Cooper. 
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

February 17, 1865. — Evacuation of Charleston. 

Sherman, having halted at Savannah only long enough to refit his army, was 
again in motion by February ist. On the 17th he captured Columbia, com- 
pelling the Confederates by this achievement to evacuate Charleston. 

References: 

Story of the Civil War. — Ropes, 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis 

Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 

February 22, 1732. — George Washington born. 

See p. 243. 

February 22, 1819. — Florida ceded to the United States. 

When Jackson was sent to Florida to repress the Seminole Indians, he found 
that they were incited to hostilities by certain people there, and so invaded the 
country. Trouble with Spain vv^as feared as a result, but all difficulties were 
finally settled by the treaty signed at Washington, February 22, 1819, when 



422 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Spain agreed to sell Florida to the United States for $5,000,000. Florida did 
not actually come into the possession of the United States, however, until two 
years later. 

References: 

Narrative and Critical History of the United States. — Winsor. 
Students' History of the United States. — Channing. 
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant. 

February 22, 1819. — James Russell Lowell born. 
See p. 153. 

February 22, 1865. — Occupation of Wilmington. 

The active operations of 1865 began with the reduction of Fort Fisher, the 
main defense of Wilmington, by General Terry, and Admiral Porter's fleet. 
Wilmington was occupied by the Federal troops a few days after the capture 
of the fort. 

References: 

Story of the Civil War. — Ropes. 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War.— Davis. 

Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 

February 23, 1798. — Rockland county erected from territory of Orange. 

February 23, 1821. — Livingston county erected from territory of 

Ontario and Genesee. 
Monroe county erected from territory of Ontario 
and Genesee. 

February 23, 1847. — Battle of Buena Vista. 

With less than five thousand men. General Taylor was attacked at Buena 
Vista by a Mexican force nearly four times as large, under Santa Anna. 'After 
an all-day's determined contest, the Mexicans were driven in disorder from the 
field. 

References: 

Half-Hours with American History.— Morris. 
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Our Country. — Lossing. 
History of the Mexican War. — Mansfield. 

Appropriate Selections: 

The Angels of Buena Vista.— Whittier. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



423 



February 25, 1868. — Impeachment of President Johnson. 

In the summer of 1867, President Johnson requested the resignation of Sec- 
retary of War Stanton, who refused to resign. Johnson suspended him in 
accordance with the provisions of the Tenure-of-Office Act. When the Senate 
met it refused to agree with this suspension. The President then removed 
Stanton from the office and gave the portfolio to Thomas. In March, 1868, 
articles of impeachment were presented by the House at the bar of the Senate. 
The result of the trial was the acquittal of the President. 

References: 
Students' History of the United States. — Channing. 

February 25, 1791. — First United States bank was chartered by Con- 
gress. 

It went into operation with a capital of $10,000,000, the government subscrib- 
ing $2,000,000, and individuals $8,000,000. 

References: 

Select Documents of United States History. — Macdonald. 
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
School History of the United States. — Lee. 

February 27, 1807. — Henry W. Longfellow born. 

See p. 152. 

March i, 1799. — Essex county erected from territory of Clinton. 

March i, 1816. — Oswego county erected from territory of Onondaga. 

March i, 1867. — Nebraska admitted to the Union. 

March 3, 1802. — St. Lawrence county erected from territory of Clinton. 

March 3, 1845. — Florida admitted to the Union. 

March 4, 1719. — Vermont admitted to the Union. 

March 4, 1861. — First inauguration of President Lincoln. 
References : 
Life of Lincoln. — Morse. 
Abraham Lincoln. — Hadley and Hay. 
Lincoln. — Herndon. 



424 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Inauguration of Lincoln. — Greely, in American Conflict. 

The Constitution and the People. — Lincoln, from his Inaugural Address^ 

March 4, 1885. — Letter postage reduced to two cents per ounce. 

March 5, 1770. — Boston Massacre. 

In a collision between the citizens of Boston and some of the British soldiers 
stationed there, three or four citizens were killed and others wounded. The 
event aroused the strongest feelings against British tyranny, although the sol- 
diers probably fired into the mob only to preserve their lives. 

References: 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
Students' History of the United States. — Channing. 

Appropriate Selections: 

The Boston Massacre. — Hawthorne. 

March 7, 1788. — Clinton county erected from territory of Washington. 
March 7, 1809. — Schenectady county erected from territory of Albany. 
March 8, 1799. — Cayuga county erected from territory of Onondaga. 

March 9, 1862. — The Monitor and the Merrimac. 

The Merrimac, which had been sunk at Norfolk by the Union commander at 
the beginning of the war, had subsequently been raised by the Confederates, 
cut down almost to the water's edge, covered with a plating of railroad iron, 
and named the Virginia. On the 8th of March she steamed out from Norfolk 
to Hampton Roads, and destroyed the United States vessels Cumberland and 
Congress. During the night the Monitor, a newly invented floating battery, 
commanded by Lieutenant Worden, arrived from New York, and on the iol- 
lowing day, the 9th, encountered the Virginia (Merrimac), and disabled her. 

References: 

Old South Leaflets. III., No. 3. 
Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis. 
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War.— Dodge. 
School History of the United States. — Lee. 

Appropriate Selections: 

The Merrimac and the Monitor. — Estvan. 

The Cumberland. — Longfellow. 

The Monitor and the Merrimac. — John W. Draper. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



425 



March 9, 1893. — Cleveland recalls Hawaiian annexation treaty. 

Toward the close of Harrison's administration a revolution broke out in the 
Hawaiian Islands. The more intelligent inhabitants deposed Queen Liliuaka- 
lani, established a republican form of government, and then sent commissioners 
to the United States to propose annexation. A treaty was agreed upon, but, 
before the Senate had time to vote upon it, Harrison's administration came to a 
close and Grover Cleveland was elected President. One of the first acts of his 
administration was to withdraw the treaty from the Senate, and to announce 
the United States' protectorate to be at an end in Hawaii. 

References: 

History of the American Nation. — McLaughlin. 
American Congress. — Moore. 

March 10, 1797. — Delaware county erected from territory of Ulster 
and Otsego. 

March 11, 1808. — Cattaraugus county erected from territory of Genesee. 
Chautauquacounty erected from territory of Genesee. 
Franklin county erected from territory of Clinton. 
Niagara county erected from territory of Genesee. 

March 12, 1772. — Montgomery county (first known as Tryon count)/) 
erected from territory of Albany. 
Washington county (first known as Charlotte county) 
erected from territory of Albany. 

March 12, 1813.-— Warren county erected from territory of Washington. 

March 15, 1781. — Battle of Guilford Court House. 

Greene, in command of the Americans, took up his position at Guilford Court 
House, where he was attacked by the British. Although the result was un- 
favorable to the Americans, it left Cornwallis in so disabled a condition that he 
was forced to retreat from the field of victory. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

1776. — Lossing, 

American Revolution. — Fiske. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Selections from Life of Nathaniel Greene. — Greene. 

Character of General Greene. — Alexander Hamilton, found in Anderson's 
United States Reader. 



426 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



March 15, 1798. — Oneida county erected from territory of Herkimer. 

Chenango county erected from territory of Tioga and 
Herkimer. 

March 15, 1820. — Maine admitted to the Union. 

March 17, 1776. — British evacuated Boston. 

After the fortifications of Dorchester Heights were completed, Howe, instead 
of attacking the American forces, evacuated Boston. Washington was rewarded 
with the first gold medal struck in the United States. " Hostibus Primo 
Fugatis." 

References: 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
America, vol. VI. — Winsor. 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
History of the Siege of Boston.— Frothingham. 
History of the United States. — Hildreth. 
Half-Hours with American History. — Morris. 

March 18, 1796. — Steuben county erected from territory of Ontario. 

March 21, 1806. — Madison county erected from territory of Chenango. 

March 24, 1804. — Seneca county erected from territory of Cayuga. 

March 25, i8c>D. — Greene county erected from territory of Albany and 
Ulster. 

March 27, 1809. — Sullivan county erected from territory of Ulster. 

March 27, 18 14. — Defeat of the Creek Indians. 

The massacre at Fort Mimms aroused the country against the Indians, aijd 
Generals Jackson and Coffee went into the country of the Creeks to avenge 
the massacre. A thousand Indian warriors made a final and desperate stand at 
the Horseshoe Bend of the Tallapoosa river, but were completely defeated by 
Jackson's force of three thousand men. 

References: 

Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 

March 28, 1805. — JefTerson county erected from territory of Oneida. 
Lewis county erected from territory of Oneida. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 427 

March 28, 1806. — Broome county erected from territory of Tioga. 

March 28, 1814. — Surrender of the Essex. 

After a successful cruise of more than a year, Captain Porter was attacked in 
the harbor of Valparaiso by two British vessels and forced to surrender. The 
conflict was one of the most desperate of the war. 

References: 

History of the Navy. — Maclay. 

History of the Navy of the United States. — Cooper. 
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

March 29, 1836. — Chemung county erected from territory of Tioga. 

March 30, 1802. — Genesee county erected from territory of Ontario. 

March 30, 1820. — Missouri Compromise. 

As the Northern people opposed any increase in the number of slave states 
they tried to prevent the admission of Misouri, with its constitution allowing 
slavery. After a long and violent discussion, the measure called the Missouri 
Compromise was adopted. Slavery should be prohibited in all the territory, 
except Missouri, lying north of the parallel 36° 30' and west of the Mississippi. 
Missouri was admitted August 10, 1821. 

References: 

History of the United States. — Schouler. 
Students' History of the United States. — Channing. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Johnston's Orations. 

March 30, 1842. — John Fiske born. 

Selections from: 

American Political Ideas. 

The Critical Period in American History. 

March 30, 1867.— Purchase of Alaska. 

In 1867, the Russian territory in America, now known as Alaska, was bought 
by the United States for a little over $7,200,000. It is a vast region, lying far 
north, but its climate is tempered by the warm Pacific current, and it has great 
tracts of fine cedar and other timber, valuable fisheries, furs, and important 
minerals. 

References: 

Men and Measures of Half a Century. — McCulloch. 



428 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



March 30, 1870. — Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution. 

The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution, guaranteeing to all citizens of 
the United States the right of suffrage, without regard to race, color, or 
previous condition of servitude, was declared adopted March 30, 1870. 

March 31, 1854. — Treaty with Japan. 

Japan had always excluded all foreigners from her ports, but as the acquisi- 
tion of California made commercial relations important, Commodore Perry was 
sent to open communications. At length a treaty v/as signed, permitting the 
United States to trade in two ports, and also the residence of American citizens 
and consuls at these ports. Thus America was among the first to obtain inter- 
course with Japan. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

April 2, 1792. — First United States mint. 

By the act of Congress April 2, 1792, the first United States mint was estab- 
lished at Philadelphia for the purpose of national coinage. 

. References: 

Dictionary of United States History. — Jameson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

April 2, 1743. — Thomas Jefferson born. 
Selections: 

Declaration of Independence. 

April 2, 1821. — Erie county erected from territory of Niagara. 

April 3, 1783. — Washington Irving born. 

Selections from: 

Knickerbocker History of the United States. 
Life of Columbus. 

April 3, 1822. — Edward Everett Hale born. 
Selections from: 

Franklin in France. 

The Man without a Country. 

My Double, and How He Undid Me. 



1 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 429 

April 3, 1865. — Occupation of Richmond. 

On the 29th of March, 1865, commenced the final movement of the national 
forces which General Grant had gathered around Richmond. After ten days' 
marching and fighting, the Confederates were compelled to evacuate their de- 
fenses at both Petersburg and Richmond. 

References: 

Story of the Civil War. — Ropes. 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis. 

Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Evacuation of Richmond. — Pollard. 

April 4, 1786. — Columbia county erected from territory of Albany. 

April 6, 15 13. — Discovery of Florida. 

In 1513 Ponce de Leon, searching, not for gold, like his countrymen, but for a 
fountain which the Indians declared would restore a man to perpetual youth, 
came upon another unknown coast. It was on Easter Sunday, in Spanish " El 
Pascua Florida," and the new land has borne the name of Florida ever since. 

References: 

The Discovery of Florida. — Bancroft. 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 

America, vol. II. — Winsor. 

April 6, 1795. — Schoharie county erected from territory of Albany and 
Otsego. 

April 6, 1862.— Battle of Shiloh. 

On the morning of the 6th of April, General Grant's army, while encamped 
at Shiloh, was severely attacked by General A. S. Johnston's army. At nightfall 
the Union troops had been driven back to the river, where the gunboats aided 
them to keep the enemy in check. General Johnston was killed. The arrival 
of reinforcements under General Buell enabled Grant to assume the offensive on 
the following day, and the Confederates were driven towards Corinth. The 
forces engaged on both sides numbered more than 100,000 men. The losses on 
both sides were severe. 

References: 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis. 
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 



430 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Appropriate Selections: 

The Battle of Shiloh.— William Swinton. 

Shiloh. — Brig. Gen. George F. McGennis, in War Papers. 

April 7, 1806. — Allegany county erected from territory o-f Genesee. 

April 7, 1817. — Tompkins county erected from territory of Cayuga and 
Seneca. 

April 8, 1808. — Cortland county erected from territory of Onondaga. 

April 9, 1682. — Discovery of Louisiana. 

In February, 1682, La Salle passed down the Illinois river, and on into the 
Mississippi, on an exploring expedition. The river he called St. Louis, and the 
vast region through which it flowed, Louisiana, in honor of the French King. 
On April 9, 1682, he planted a. cross with the arms of France near the mouth 
of the river, and claimed all the territory drained by it and its tributaries for 
King Louis. 

References: 
Half-Hours with American History. — Morris. 
History of the United States.— Hildreth. 

April 9, 1865. — Surrender of Lee at Appomattox. 

After the evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond, Lee withdrew his army and 
endeavored to escape by the valley of the Appomattox to the mountains. The 
retreating army was hotly pursued by the Union forces under Grant, and on 
the 9th, Lee, overtaken and surrounded, surrendered near Appomattox Court 
House. 

Story of the Civil War. — Ropes. 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis. 

Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Last March of Lee's Army. — Armstead L. Long, in Half-Hours with Ameri- 
can History. — Morris. 

April II, 1794. — Edward Everett born. 
Selection: 

Apostrophe to La Fayette, at the close of Everett's address " On the Circum- 
stances Favorable to the Progress of Literature." 

April II, 1823. — Wayne county erected from territory of Ontario and 
Seneca. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



431 



April 12, 1777. — Henry Clay born. 
One of America's greatest orators. 

April 12, 1 8 16. — Hamilton county erected from territory of Mont- 
gomery. 

April 14, 1 861. — Evacuation of Fort Sumter. 

Regarding their duty to the general government as secondary to the obliga- 
tion they owed to their respective states, and in spite of the President's assur- 
ance that the new administration did not intend interfering with the constitu- 
tional rights of any of the states, the southern leaders organized an army under 
General Beauregard to reduce Fort Sumter. Accordingly, on the morning of 
ApriJ i2th, the first shot was fired on the fort. After a bombardment of thirty- 
four hours Anderson was compelled to evacuate. On the following Alonday, as 
if with spontaneous protest against any dissolution of the Union, the flag of the 
Republic was raised throughout the free states. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States.— Anderson. 
School History of the United States. — Lee. 
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 
Story of the Civil War. — Ropes. 

Appropriate Selections: 

The Flag. — Horatio Woodman. 

Fort Sumter's Bombardment. — Orville J. Victor, in Half-Hours with Ameri- 
can History. — Morris. 

The Flag of Fort Sumter. — Anonymous, in Moore's Personal and Political 
Ballads. 

The i2th of April. — E. C. Stedman. 

April 14, 1865. — ^ Assassination of Lincoln. 

Lincoln had served but a few weeks of his second term, when, less than one 
week after Lee's surrender, he was assassinated by a desperado acting in sym- 
pathy with the Confederate cause. 

References: 

Life of Lincoln. — Morse 

Abraham Lincoln. — Nicolay and Hay. 

Appropriate Selections: 
My Captain. — Whitman, p. 291. 



432 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

April 15, 1814. — John Lathrop Motley born. 

Selections from: 
The Rise and Fall of the Dutch Republic. 
Merry Mount. 



April 17, 1854. — Schuyler county erected from territory of Chemung, 
Steuben, and Tompkins. 

April 18, 1838. — Fulton county erected from territory of Montgomery. 

April 18, 1847. — Battle of Cerro Gordo. 

The American forces under General Scott made a daring assault on the enemy 
at Cerro Gordo on the morning of April 18th, and before noon the Mexicans 
were defeated with a loss of one thousand men and their artillery. 

References : 

Popular History of the United States, — Bryant. 

Our Country. — Lossing. 

War with Mexico.— R. S. Ripley. 

Story of the Mexican War — Mansfield. 

Appropriate Selections : 

The Bivouac of the Dead. — p. 28. 



April 19, 1775. — Battle of Lexington. 

On the night of the i8th of April, 1775, General Gage dispatched eight hundred 
troops under Colonel Smith and Major Pitcairn to destroy some military sup- 
plies which the Americans had collected at Concord, Massachusetts, about sixteen 
miles from Boston. 

The patriots of Boston, suspecting such a movement, were on the alert. 
Signals had been pre-arranged by them, the alarm was given, and, when the 
British reached Lexington early in the morning of April 19th, they found about 
seventy of the militia drawn up under arms. Then was shed the first blood of 
the Revolution, the King's troops firing upon the American militia. At Con- 
cord some of the supplies were destroyed, but, the militia assembling, a "skirmish 
took place in which several from both sides were killed. On their way back to 
Boston, the British were reinforced at Lexington; but during their retreat, as 
far as Charleston, the Americans pursued, keeping up a constant and destructive 
fire. The loss of the British during the day was over 200; that of the patriots 
about 90. The battle at Lexington was a signal for war. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



433 



References: 

Siege of Boston. — Frothingham. 

Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 

Ballad History of the Revolution — Part I. — Moore. 

One Hundred Years Ago. — E. E. Hale. 

Field-Book of the Revolution. — Lossing. 

American Monthly for April and July, 1875. — Potter. 

History of American War. — Stedman. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Concord Hymn. — R. W. Emerson, p. 170. 
Battle of Lexington. — O. W. Holmes. 
Paul Revere's Ride. — Longfellow. 
The Rising in 1776.— T. B. Read, p. 116. 
The Revolutionary Alarm, p. 170. 
George William Curtis, pp. 171, 172. 

April 19, 1 86 1. — First blood shed in civil war. 

The news of the capture of Fort Sumter produced an almost uncontrollable 
excitement throughout the country, and the President's proclamation calling 
for troops was responded to at once by all the free states. A Massachusetts 
regiment, while on its way to defend the nation's capital, was attacked, April 
19th, in Baltimore, by a mob of southern sympathizers. Two of the soldiers 
were killed and a number wounded. 

References: 

Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 

Story of the Civil War. — Ropes. 

United States. — Rhodes. 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 

Appropriate Selections: 
Apocalypse. — Clarence Butler. 
The Massachusetts Line. — Robert Lowell. 
Our Country's Call. — William C. Bryant. 

April 20, 1898. — Declaration of war between United States and Spain. 

The report on Cuban afifairs having finally passed both Houses, April i8th, 
went at once to the President, who, on April 20th, signed the resolutions 
adopted — that Spanish rule must cease in Cuba. In fact, if not in terms, it 
was a declaration of war. 

References: 
The War with Spain. — Henry Cabot Lodge. 
28 



434 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

Appropriate Selections: 
Selection I., p. 198. 
The Stripes and the Stars, p. 308. 

April 21, 1649. — Toleration act in Maryland. 

The Toleration Act provided for the punishment of all disbelievers in God and 
for the punishment of those in any way interfering with any one's form of belief. 

References: 

Old Virginia and Her Neighbors. — Fiske. 

A Short History of the English Colonies in America. — Lodge. 

April 22, 1889. — Oklahoma opened to settlers. 

April 25, 1862. — Capture of New Orleans. 

In Louisiana the Union cause met with success of great importance. This was 
the capture of New Orleans on the 25th of April. The Union fleet, commanded 
by Farragut and Porter, ascended the Mississippi, bombarding and running 
past the Confederate forts. The city was reached, and General Butler, taking 
formal possession, placed it under martial law. 

References: 

New Orleans. — King. 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis. 

Appropriate Selections: 

New Orleans Won Back. — Robert Lowell. 
The Varuna. — George H. Baker. 
Farragut on the Mississippi. — Joel P. Headley. 
Admiral Farragut, p. 92. 

April 26, 1777. — The Marquis de Lafayette, a wealthy young French- 
man of character and ability, sailed from Bordeaux to ai^i the 
Americans as a volunteer. He provided a ship and military stores 
at his own expense. 
References: 

The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
American History told by Contem.poraries. — Hart. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
1776. — Lossing. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Lafayette Joins the Americans. — Sprague. Found in Anderson's Popular 
History of the United States. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



435 



April 26, 1846. — First blood shed in the Mexican war. 

The annexation of Texas caused war between Mexico and the United States, 
as the United States claimed the Rio Grande river as the boundary Hne, while 
the Mexicans claimed the Nueces river. General Taylor was sent into Mexico 
to protect our interests; this the Mexicans regarded as an invasion of their 
riglits. They attacked a small force near Matamoras and killed sixteen men, 
compelling the rest to surrender. 

References: 
Our Country.— Lossing. 

April 26, 1865. — Surrender of Johnston's army. 

After some time spent in elaborate negotiations between Sherman at his head- 
quarters, and Grant and President Johnson at Washington, terms were finally 
agreed upon, and Johnston surrendered on terms substantially the same as those 
accorded to Lee. 

References: 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

Appropriate Selections: 
The Conquered Banner. — Abram J. Ryan. 

April 28, 1760. — Battle of Sellery. (Virtual close of the French and 
Indian war in America.) 

De Levis, Montcalm's successor, made extensive preparations for the recovery 
of Quebec. He marched to Sellery, three miles above the city, and there, on the 
20th of April, 1760, was fought one of the most desperate battles of the war. The 
French were obliged to retreat, Montrea] capitulated, and the whole of Canada 
was surrendered to the English. 

The war continued till 1763, when a treaty of peace was signed in Paris by 
which France ceded to Great Britain (February loth) all her American posses- 
sions east of the Missouri and north of the Iberville river in Louisiana; at the 
same time, Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. This finally determined that 
the dominant civilization of North Amtrica was to be English instead of French. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
History of the United States. — Hildreth. 
History of the United States. — Bancroft. 

Appropriate Selections: 

State of the Colonies in 1765. — Grahame. 



436 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



April 30, 1789. — Inauguration of Washington at New York. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant. 
1776. — Lossitig. 
Critical Period of American History. — Fiske. 



Appropriate Selections: 



" Welcome, Mighty Chief, once more, 
Welcome to this grateful shore; 
Now no mercenary foe 
Aims again the fatal blow — 
Aims at thee, the fatal blow. 

" Virgins fair, and matrons grave. 
These thy conquering arm did save; 
Build for thee triumphal bowers, 
Strew, ye fair, his way with flowers. 
Strew your hero's way with flowers." 



April 30, 1803. — Louisiana purchased from France, 

Price, $15,000,000. 

References: 

United States Reader. — Anderson. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

Our Country. — Lossing. 



April 30, 1812. — Louisiana admitted to the Union. 



May I, 1541. — De Soto discovered the Mississippi river. 

In 1539, Ferdinand De Soto, with a large force of men, Janded on the coast- of 
Florida, in a search for gold. The Spanish cruelties had made all the Indians 
hostile to them, and De Soto had to fight his way westward to the Mississippi 
river, which he reached May i, 1541. He crossed the great 'river and proceeded 
some distance up the west bank, always disappointed in not finding gold. The 
party endured great hardships and De Soto himself died of a fever. His 
followers buried him in the Mississippi river, to secure his body from the savages, 
and after many days of suffering a few made their way back to Mexico. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. ^yj 

References: 

Discovery of America. — Fiske. 

History of the United States, vol. I. — Bancroft. 

Narrative and Critical History of the United States, vol, II. — Winsor. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Expedition of De Soto. — Parkman. 



May I, 1898.— Battle of Manila Bay. 

During the night of April 30th, Admiral Dewey took the American fleet past 
the dreaded fort at the entrance to Manila Bay and then up the twenty-six 
miles through the narrow channel and over the Spanish mines to Manila, where, 
the next day. May ist, the Americans completely destroyed the Spanish fleet. 
By the 3rd of May, the two forts at the entrance of the harbor had surrendered 
to Dewey, and Manila was blockaded by the Americans. 

References : 

The War with Spain. — Henry Cabot Lodge. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Dewey's Victory, p. 200. 
Second Selection, p. 199. 
Manila Bay, p. 238. 

May 5d and 4th, 1863. — Battle of Chancellorsville. 

General Hooker, toward the latter part of April, crossed the Rappahannock, 
and, encountering Lee at Chancellorsville, was disastrously defeated, losing more 
than 11,000 men. He then recrossed the river. In this battle the Confederate 
army lost its most brilliant general, Thomas J. Jackson, commonly known as 
" Stonev/all " Jackson, who, towards the close of the action, was mortally 
wounded, it is said, by the fire of his own men, being, with his staff and escort, 
mistaken in the darkness for a company of the Union cavalry. 

References: 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis. 
Bird's Eye View of our Civil War. — Dodge. 
School History of the United States. — Lee. 

Appropriate Selections: 
The Wood of Chancellorsville. — Delia R. German in R. G. White's Collec- 
tion, Poetry of the War. 
Keenan's Charge. — G. P. Lathrop. 



438 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



May 4, 1796. — William Hickling Prescott born. 

Selections from: 

History of the Conquest of Mexico. 
History of the Conquest of Peru. 

May 8, 1846.— Battle of Palo Alto. 

While returning from Point Isabel, General Taylor with a force of 2,300 men 
was attacked at Palo Alto by a Mexican force of 6,000 men. The Mexicans lost 
more than 500, while the American loss was 50. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

Battles of the United States.— Dawson. 

Our Country. — Lossing. 

History of the Mexican War. — Mansfiejd. 

May 9, 1846. — Battle of Resaca de la Paima. 

At the battle of Resaca de la Palma the Mexican guns were holding the 
Americans well in check, when Captain May, at the head of his dragoons, charged 
with great fury and dispersed the gunners. The Mexicans were defeated with 
a severe loss. 

References: 

War with Mexico. — R. S. Ripley. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 
History of the Mexican War. — Mansfield. 

May 10, 1775. — Capture of Fort Ticonderoga. 

Early in the morning of the loth of May, 1775, Ethan Allen, with the Green 
Mountains Boys, surprised and took Ticonderoga — "in the name of the Great 
Jehovah and the Continental Congress." It was the first incident of ths war 
in which the Americans took the aggressive. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

Capture of Ticonderoga, in Narrative of His Own Captivity. — Allen. Found 

in Anderson's United States Reader. 
Battles of the United States, vol. I. — Dawson. 
Diary of the American Revolution. — Moore. 
History of the United States.— Hildreth. 

Appropriate Selections: 

On General Ethan Allen. — General Hopkins. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



May 10, 1775. — Second Continental Congress. 



439 



On May 10, 1775, delegates from each of the thirteen colonies assembled for 
the second continental Congress. They adopted decisive measures and ap- 
pointed Washington commander-in-chief of the army. 

References: 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 

The Rise of the Republic of the United States. — Frothingham. 
History of the United States of America. — Patton. 

Appropriate Selections: 

American History told by Contemporaries. — Hart. (The Necessity of Self- 
Defence.) 

May 10, 1865. — Capture of Jefferson Davis at Irwinville, Ga. 

References : 

The Last Four Weeks of the War. — Hatcher, 

May 10, 1876. — International exhibition opened at Philadelphia. 

See p. 79. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Centennial Address. — W. M. Evarts. 
Centennial Hymns. — Whittier. 

May 12, 1776. — Surrender of Charleston to the British. 

After a siege of forty days, General Lincoln, in command of the American 
troops, was forced to surrender to Clinton. 

References: 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
Popular History of the United States.— Bryant. 
1776. — Lossing. 
Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 

May 13, 1607. — First permanent English colony in America. 

In 1606, King James I. divided the territory claimed by the English into North 
and South Virginia, granting the former to the Plymouth Company, the latter 
to the London Company. The first permanent settlement was made at James- 
town, in 1607, by an expedition sent out by the London Company, commanded 
by Captain Christopher Newport. 



440 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



References: 

History of the United States. — Anderson. 
America, vol. III. — Winsor. 
Explorers. — Higginson. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Settlement of Jamestown. — Grahame, in his Colonial History of the United 

States. 
Pocahontas. — Hemans. From the poem entitled American Forest Girl. 

May 14, 1 841. — Wyoming county erected from territory of Genesee. 

May 19, 1643. — New England Confederacy. 

May 19, 1643, the four colonies of Masachusetts, Plymouth, New Haven 
and Connecticut entered into a league of confederacy " for unit}'", offence and 
defence, mutual advice and assistance." 

References: 

Colonial History of the United States. — Grahame. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
New England. — Fiske. 
A Short History of the English Colonies. — Lodge. 



May 23d and 24th, 1865. — Grand review. 

The last great scene of the Civil war was a grand military pageant in the city 
of Washington, when the armies of the United States passed im review before 
the chief officers of the Government, the Congress, and representatives of for- 
eign powers. 

The Army of the Potomac was reviewed on the 23d of May, the Army of the 
Mississippi on the following day. Washington had a two-days' holiday and 
everywhere in the city were greetings and displays suitable foi* the victorious 
returning soldiers. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Spring at the Capital. — E. A. Allen. 

Samuel Francis Smith. — p. 47. 

Sonnet on Disbanding the Army. — Col. David Humphreys. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 441 

May 24, 1 8 19. — First ocean steamer. 

About May 24, 1819, the Savannah crossed the Atlantic from Savannah, Ga,, 
to Liverpool. Both sails and steam were used. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

May 25, 1637. — Pequod settlement. 

Toward the close of 1635, difficulties with the Indians commenced. The 
Pequods, a warlike tribe in the southeastern part of Connecticut^ having com- 
mitted many acts of hostility, Hartford, Windsor, and Wethersfield united in 
declaring war against them. A force of colonists and friendly Indians proceeded 
against the Pequods, burned their forts and wigvv^ams, killed more than 600 of 
their number, and completely broke them up as a tribe. 

References : 

History of the United States.— Hildreth. 
Half-Hours with American History. — Morris. 

May 25, 1803.^ Ralph Waldo Emerson born. 

Selections: 

Hymn on the Dedication of the Concord Monument, p. 144. 
From the Essay on History. 
From the Essay on Heroism. 

May 27, 1819. — Julia Ward Howe born. 

Selections : 
Battle Hymn of the Republic, p. 139. 

May 2^, 1844. — The first telegraph message. 

The first telegraph line was established between New York and Baltimore by 
Professor Morse and was successfully operated May 27, 1844. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
P'pular History of the United States. — Anderson. 

May 29, 1736. — Patrick Henry born. 

Selections: 
An Appeal to Arms (Address in the Convention of Virginia, September 28, 

1775). 



442 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

May 29, 181 3. — Attack on Sackett's Harbor. 

The British, learning that a large force had left Sackett's Harbor, sent a thou- 
sand men to attack the place. They were met by a small force, under General 
Brown, and repulsed. 

References : 

Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 
Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

May 29, 1848. — Wisconsin admitted to the Union. 

May 31, 1854. — Kansas-Nebraska bill. 

In 1854 Kansas and Nebraska came into the Union under the rule of popular 
sovereignty, which left the question of slavery to the people of each territory. 
After a struggle of some m.onths, the Kansas-Nebraska bill became a law. The 
Missouri Compromise was abrogated, and the question of slavery in the terri- 
tories was adrift again, never to be got rid of except through the abolition of 
slavery itself by war. 

References: 

American History Leaflets, No. 17. 

History of the United States. — Rhodes. 

History of the United States. — Schouler. 

Constitutional History of the United States. — Van Hoist. 

Life of Douglas. — Sheahan. 

Life of Chase. — Schucker. 

May 31, 1862. — Battle of Fair Oaks. 

The few Union victories were counterbalanced by the ill success of McClellan, 
who had attempted to reach Richmond by the peninsula between the York and 
the James rivers. Having arrived within a short distance of the city, he was sud- 
denly attacked at Fair Oaks, by the Confederates, when a bloody but indecisive 
conflict took place. A movement of McClellan's to change his base of opera- 
to the James river brought on a series of destructive battles, JastKng 
through seven days (June 25 to July i), the result of which was to leave the 
Union army in a weakened condition. 

References: 

Battles and Leaders ot the Civil War. — Davis. 
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 

Appropriate Selection: 

American Volunteers, p. 222. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



443 



■f 



May 31, 1889. — Flood at Johnstown. 

A broken dam in the Conemaugh Valley, Pennsylvania, flooded Johnstown, 
and destroyed 2,295 lives. 

June I, 1774. — Boston port bill. 

England, enraged at the colonies' action in regard to the tea, passed the Port 
bill, closing Boston harbor to all commerce, and transferring the seat of govern- 
ment to Salem. The act aroused the greatest indignation of the colonists; they 
burned copies of it on scaffolds, and observed the day upon which it went into 
effect with fasting and prayer. 

References: 

Rise of the Republic of the United States.— Frothingham. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
History of the United States. — Bancroft. 

June I, 1792. — Kentucky admitted to the Union. 

June I, 1796. — Tennessee admitted to the Union. 

June I, 1813. — The Chesapeake and the Shannon. 

The American frigate Chesapeake, commanded by Captain Lawrence, was 
attacked by the British frigate Shannon, just outside Boston harbor. Soon 
some of the Chesapeake's rigging was cut so that a sail became loose and blew 
out^ bringing the vessel into the wind. Then the rigging and anchor became 
so entangled that the ship had to remain exposed to the enemy's fire. As Law- 
rence, mortally wounded, was carried below, he cried, " Don't give up the ship." 
Finally the English sprang on board and pulled down the flag. 

References: 

History of the Navy. — Maclay. 

History of the Navy of the United States. — Cooper. 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 

June 3, 1898. — The Merrimac sunk in Santiago Harbor. 

Lieutenant Rki»a:rd P. Hobson, v/ith seven selected volunteers, took the collier 
Merrimac into the channel of Santiago harbor, and there sunk her by means 
of torpedoes, as a temporary obstruction to the escape of the Spanish fleet. 
The deed was fraught with the greatest danger and required the most con- 
spicuous bravery and daring. 



^4 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

References: 

The War with Spain. — Henry Cabot Lodge. 
With Sampson through the War. — Goode. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Eight Volunteers, p. 233. 

June 9, 1792. — John Howard Payne born. 

Actor and playwright. 
Appropriate Selections: 

Home, Sweet Home, p. 39. 

June 10, 1861.— Battle of Bethel. 

It can hardly be said that the national government made any offensive move- 
ment before the 24th of May. Then General Scott, commanding the Union 
army, sent troops into Virginia; and Arlington Heights, as we,ll as the town of 
Alexandria, were occupied. Some days after, June loth, a force was sent under 
General Butler to capture a body of Confederate troops posted at Little Bethel, 
a village on the north side of the James river. During the night, two of the 
Union regiments fired on each other by mistake; and the Confederates, thus 
made aware of their approach, escaped. The Union troops then pushed on, and 
were severely repulsed in an attack upon the Confederate works at Big Bethel. 

References: 

Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 
Story of the Civil War. — Ropes. 
United States. — Rhodes. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Bethel— A. J. H. Duganne. 
Army Hymns. — O. W. Holmes. 
The Present Crisis. — J. R. Lowell. 

June 12, 1812. — Putnam county erected from territory of Dutchess. 
June 14, 1777. — Birth of the flag of the United States. 

Congress resolved, " That the flag of the thirteen united colonies be thirteen 
stripes, alternate red and white, and the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue 
field, representing a new constellation." 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 445 

References: 

History of the United States.— Hildreth. 

Diary of the American Revolution. — Moore. 

History of our Flag.— Rev. A. P. Putnam, in Anderson's United States 

Reader. 
A Brief History of the Flag. — See p. 5. 

Appropriate Selections: 
•The American Flag.— J. R. Drake, p. 303. 
God Save the Flag. — O. W. Holmes. 
Our National Banner. — W. M. Evarts. 

The School House Stands by the Flag. — Hezekiah Butterworth, p. 45. 
Selections i and 3, p. 15. 
Our Flag, p. 9. 

The Red, White and Blue, p. 19. 
Selection, No. 6, p. 35. 

June 14, 1812. — Harriet Beecher Stowe born. 

Selections from: 

Uncle Tom's Cabin. 

June 15, 1772. — Benjamin Franklin drew electricity from the clouds 
and proved its identity with lightning. 
References: 

Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. 

June 15, 1836. — Arkansas admitted to the Union. 

June 15, 1844. — Charles Goodyear patented the process of vulcanizing 
India rubber. 

June 17, 1775. — Siege of Boston began. 
References: 

The American Revolution. — Fiske. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

June 17, 1775. — Battle of Bunker Hill. 

On the evening of June i6th_, Colonel Prescott was sent with a detachment 
of one thousand men to fortify Bunker Hill, but instead he fortified Breed's 
Hill, which was nearer Boston. The next morning the British commenced a 
cannonade upon the redoubt. This attack failed, and, later, General Howe, with 



446 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



three thousand men, was sent to dislodge the patriots. Twice the British ap- 
proached within a few rods, each time to be repulsed with a heavy loss. Upon 
Clinton's arrival, the third charge was more successful, as the Americans had 
exhausted their ammunition, and were forced to retreat. The Americans lost 
General Warren. The determined and for a time successful resistance on the 
part of the Americans was so encouraging that it had all the effects of a 
triumph. 

References: 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
Siege of Boston. — Frothingham. 
Harper's Monthly. — July, 1875. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

Appropriate Selections: 
Warren's Address.— John Pierpont. 
Grandmother's Story of Bunker Hill. — Holmes. 

Laying of the Corner-Stone of the Bunker Hill Monument. — Webster. 
Edward Everett, pp. 234-5. 

June 18, 1778. — Evacuation of Philadelphia. 

The loss of Burgoyne's army, the alliance with France, and the arrival of a 
French fleet under D'Estaing so alarmed the British that they left Philadelphia. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

The American Revolution. — Fiske. 

1776. — Lossing. 

History of the United States. — Hildreth. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Battle of the Kegs. — Francis Hopkinson. 

June 19, 1812. — Declaration of war against Great Britain. 

The losses to commerce caused by the closing of the ports of England and 
France in their war, the right of search, the impressment of American seamen, 
and other insults to which England was subjecting the United States, led to 
the final declaration of war against Great Britain by the United States. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 

June 19, 1816. — West Virginia admitted to the Union. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



447 



June 19, 1864. — Alabama and Kearsarge. 

The Confederates, by means of English-built privateers sailing under the 
Confederate flag, succeeded in destroying a large number of American mer- 
chantmen. Sumner, in the Alabama, pursued his career of destruction, luring 
vessels by hoisting the British flag; but the Alabama was at last met by the 
Kearsarge, Captain Winslow, and, after a short encounter, was sunk. 

References: 

The Navy during the Rebellion. — Boynton. 
Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis. 
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 
Story of the Civil War. — Ropes. 

June 24, 1497. — Discovery of North America by John and Sebastian 
Cabot. 

In 1497, about one year before Columbus discovered the continent, and two 
years previous to Amerigo's visit, John Cabot and his son Sebastian, while 
sailing under a commission from Henry VII. of England, discovered the coast 
of Labrador, and thus were the first to discover the mainland of America. In a 
second voyage, made by Sebastian Cabot, in 1498, the coast, from Labrador to 
Chesapeake Bay, was explored. These achievements of the Cabots, the dis- 
covery and explorations, proved of momentous importance, especially to Eng- 
land, as, by reason of them, that country based her claims to all the region from 
Labrador to Florida. 

References: 
America, voj. III. — Winsor. 
Discovery of America, vol. II. — Fiske. 
American History Leaflets. — No. 9. 
Students' History of the United States. — Channing. 

June 24, 1675. — First battle of King Philip's war. 

After the death of Massasoit, the Indians became alarmed at the rapidly grow- 
ing settlement of the whites, and so the New England tribes united to over- 
throw the colonists. The first attack was made by King Philip upon the people 
of Swanzey, as they were returning from church. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

June 24, 1795. — Jay's treaty ratified. 

Difficulties had arisen with England because of violations of the treaty of 
1783, so that a new treaty to dispose of them was negotiated by John Jay. 



448 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
History of the United States. — Hildreth. 
Our Country. — Lossing. 

June 24, 1 87 1. — Corner-stone of state capitol at Albany laid. 

The ceremonies were under the direction of the Grand Lodge of Free and 
Accepted Masons of the State of New York. The first stone in the foundation 
was laid July 7, 1869. 

June 28, 1776. — Attack on Fort Moultrie. 

The people of Charleston, expecting an attack, had constructed a palmetto 
fort on Sullivan's Island, which was garrisoned by eight hundred men under 
Colonel Moultrie. On June 28th, the British fleet under Parker attacked it^ 
the conflict lasting nine hours. Finally, however, Parker was forced to with- 
draw, with much shattered vessels. The fort was later named Moultrie in honor 
of the commander. 

References: 

The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
1776. — Lossing. 

June 28, 1778. — Battle of Monmouth. 

The British army under Clinton, retreating from Philadelphia, was overtaken 
by Washington at Monmouth. Lee, leading the advance, was directed to make 
an attack, but instead, commanded a retreat. Upon Washington's arrival an 
advance was made. At nightfall there was no decisive result, and in the morn- 
ing the British had fled. 

References : 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
1776. — Lossing. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Selections from Irving's Life of Washington. 

June 28, 181 5. — Decatur in the bay of Algiers. 

During the War of 1812, the Dey of Algiers, believing the United States unable 
to protect her commerce, broke the treaty and again resumed the practice of 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



449 



piracy against our ships. When peace with England was established, a fleet 
of ten ships, under Decatur, was sent to the Mediterranean. On the way he 
captured two Algerian vessels and, arriving in the bay of Algiers, June 28th, 
he forced the Dey to rehnquish all American prisoners and all claim to a tribute 
from the United States. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
History of the Navy of the United States. — Cooper. 
History of the Navy. — Maclay. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Selection from Cooper's History of the Navy of the United States. Death of 
Commodore Decatur. 



July 1st, 2d, 3d, 1863. — Battle of Gettysburg. 

On the 9th of June, Lee, whose army numbered nearly four hundred thou- 
sand men, began a northward movement. Hooker followed the invaders 
into Maryland, where (June 28th), his command was transferred to General 
Meade. At Gettysburg one of the most important conflicts of the war took 
place during the first three days of July. Lee was finally defeated, and, his 
army being reduced one-third, made a rapid retreat. The battle of Gettys- 
burg is generally regarded as the greatest of the war. It was the turning point 
in the long conflict between the North and the South. 

References: 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War.— Davis. 
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 
Students' History of the United States. — Channing. 
School History of the United States. — Lee. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg. — Comte de Paris, in Half-Hours with Ameri- 
can History. — Morris. 
National Cemetery at Gettysburg. 
Gettysburg.— Captain Dudley H. Chase, U. S. A. 
Bugles of Gettysburg, p. 219. 
George WiUiam Curtis, p. 210. 
Susan J. Adams, p. 210. 
Henry C. Potter, p. 234 
29 



450 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



July 2, 1775. — Washington took command of the army at Cambridge. 

References: 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Rise of the Republic of the United States. — Frothingham. 
Life of Washington. — Sparks. 

. Appropriate Selections: 

The Inconveniences of Militia. — General G. Washington, found in Ameri- 
can History told by Contemporaries. — Hart. 

" Every exertion of my worthy colleagues and myself will be equally ex- 
tended to the restoration of peace and harmony, as to the fatal but necessary 
operations of war." 

July 2, 1 88 1. — Assassination of Garfield. 

Garfield had been in office less than four months when he was shot by an 
assassin (Charles J. Guiteau), at the railroad station in Washington, as he was 
about to leave the capital for a summer trip to the east. 

References: 

Life of James A. Garfield. — J. R. Gilmore. 
Students' History of the United States. — Channing. 

July 3, 1890. — Idaho admitted to the Union. 

July 3, 1898. — Battle of Santiago. 

On Sunday morning, July 3d, at half-past nine, the Spanish fleet started out 
of the harbor at Santiago with a rush, but the American fleet, always in readi- 
ness, closed in upon it and by half-past one every Spanish ship was a half- 
sunken wreck on the Cuban coast. 

References: 
War with Spain. — Henry Cabot Lodge. 
With Sampson through the War. — Goode. 

Appropriate Selections: 
The Men Behind the Guns, p. 224. 

July 4, 1609. — Discovery of Lake Champlain. 

In 1608, Champlain planted on the St. Lawrence the post of Quebec. The 
next year, joining a party of Hurons and Algonquins in a war expedition 
against the Five Nations, he ascended the Sorel, and, first of white men, entered 
the lake which still bears his name. A series of explorations presently followed, 
whence arose the French claims to that vast tract of interior America, compre- 
hended, along with Canada and Acadia, under its general name of New France. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 451 

References: 
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
Discovery of America. — Fiske. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Discovery of Lake Champlain. — Parkman. 

The American Indians, in History of the United States. — Hildreth. 

July 4, 1776. — Declaration of Independence, 

By the last of June the British had been repulsed from Charleston, and in 
the meantime, Congress, then in session at Philadelphia, was preparing to de- 
clare a separation of the political relations existing between Great Britain and 
the colonies. A resolution to that effect offered by Richard Henry Lee of 
Virginia, on the 7th of June, was passed by a large majority on the 2d of 
July. Two days after, Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, in behalf of a committee 
of five members, presented a document which he had prepared; and, then, July 
4, 1776, this document, the Declaration of Independence, was unanimously 
adopted by Congress. 

Appropriate Selections: 
Independence Bell. — Anonymous, p. iii. 
Speech of John Adams. — Webster, p. 175. 
The Bell.— B. F. Taylor, p. 113. 

July 4th and 5th, 1778. — Massacre in the Wyoming valley. 

When the Wyoming valley was almost defenceless, as most of the able-bodied 
men had joined the patriot army, a band of Tories and Indians ravaged and deso- 
lated every settlement. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States; — Bryant. 

American Revolution. — Fiske. 

1776. — Lossing. 

Popular History of the United States.— Anderson. 

July 4, 1804. — Nathaniel Hawthorne born. 

Selections from: 

Mosses from an Old Manse. 
Snow Image. 
Twice-Told Tales. 



452 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

July 4, 1 8 17. — First spadeful of earth turned for the Erie canal. 

July 4, 1817, the first spadeful of earth was turned for the Erie canal, and 
the canal, three hundred and sixty-three miles long, was completed in October, 
1825. It was designed by De Witt Clinton, and cost $7,602,000. It has brought 
untold wealth to the state. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Students' History of the United States. — Channing. 
The United States. — Schouler. 

July 4, 1826. — Death of Jefferson and Adams. 

On the fiftieth anniversary of American independence, Thomas Jefferson and 
John Adams died. Both were members of the committee that framed the 
Declaration of Independence, both signed it, both were foreign ministers, vice- 
presidents, and presidents of the United States. 

References: 

Historic Americans. — Theodore Parker. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Oration on Adams and Jefferson. — Wert. 

Selection from Life and Public Services of John Quincy Adams. — Seward. 

July 4, 1828. — Driving of the first spike on the Baltimore and Ohio 
railroad. 

Charles Carroll, the last survivor of the signers of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence, drove the first spike for the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, the first 
in America to carry both passengers and freight. 

References: 

Students' History of the United States. — Channing. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

July 4, 1863. — Capture of Vicksburg. 

General Grant having gained a series of victories over the Confederate forces 
in the southwest, succeeded in taking Vicksburg, July 4th, after a daring and 
perilous siege of severa.l months. Port Hudson having soon afterwards sur- 
rendered to General Banks, the Mississippi was completely opened. 

References: 

Battles and Leaders of the Civi] War. — Davis. 
Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 
Story of the Civil War. — Ropes. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



453 



Appropriate Selections: 

General Grant and the Civil War, p. 187. 
Selecton IV, p. 222. 

Hymn, for July 4, 1863. — George H. Baker. 
The Fall of Vicksburg.— William Ross Wallace. 

The Siege of Vicksburg. — Adam Badeau, in Morris' Half-Hours with Ameri- 
can History. 

July 5, 1814. — Battle of Chippewa, 

General Brown met the British under General Riall at Chippewa, near Niagara 
Falls, where he won a brilliant victory. 

References: 
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 

July 7, 1898. — Annexation of the Hawaiian Islands. 

During the progress of the Spanish war the annexation of the Hawaiian; 
Islands was finally consumated. A joint resolution was passed by Con- 
gress providing for the acquisition of the islands and for their temporary gov- 
ernment. A group of twelve islands, with an area of 6,677 square miles and a 
population of about 100,000 persons, half of them native islanders, was thus made 
American territory. 

References: 

American Congress. — Moore. 

July 9, 1755. — Braddock's defeat. 

General Braddock, who had been sent to America as commander-in-chief of 
the royal forces, headed the expedition against Fort Duquesne. Disregarding 
the suggestions of Washington, his aide-de-camp, he fell into an ambush of 
French and Indians when within a few miles of the fort, and was defeated with 
great loss, he himself being mortally wounded. 

References : 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
History of the United States. — Hildreth. 
History of the United States. — Bancroft. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Defeat of Braddock. — Sparks. 

July 10, 1890. — Wyoming admitted to the Union. 



454 MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 

July 12, 1804. — Duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr. 

Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr met in a duel to settle a political quarrel, 
and Hamilton was killed. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

Our Country. — Lossing. 

Students' History of the United States.— Channing. 

Appropriate Selections: 
Eulogy on Hamilton, from a discourse delivered in Albany by Dr. Nott, — found 
in Anderson's United States Reader. 

July 15, 1779. — Storming of Stony Point. 

The American forces, under General Anthony Wayne, forced their way into 
the fort from opposite directions, and meeting in the center, compelled the gar- 
rison to surender. This stands out in high relief, as one of the most brilliant 
achievements of the war. The Americans had efifected it without firing a 
musket. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

1776. — Lossing, 

American Revolution. — Fiske. 

History of the United States. — Bancroft. 

July 17, 1898. — The Surrender of Santiago. 

After several demands for the surrender of Santiago, General Shafter bom- 
barded the place and forced the Spanish to yield, when Santiago passed into 
American hands. 

References: 

War with Spain. — H. C. Lodge. 
In Cuba with Shafter.— J. D. Miiey. 

July 21, 1861.— Battle of Bull Run. 

The Confederate army of about 100,000 men occupied a Jine through Vir- 
ginia, from Harper's Ferry to Norfolk, their strongest position being between 
Washington and Richmond, at Manassas Junction. About the middle of July, 
an army under General McDowell marched to attack the Confederates. On the 
18th, a conflict took place near Centerville and on the 21st, occurred the battle 
of Bull Run, a desperate conflict from which the Union forces, panic-stricken, 
fled in disorder towards Washington. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 455 

References: 

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. — Davis. 

Bird's Eye View of Our Civil War. — Dodge. 

Story of the Civil War. — Ropes. 

United States. — Rhodes. 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 

School History of the United States. — Lee. 

Appropriate Selections: 

On the Hill before Centerville. — George K. Baker. 

The Run from Manassas Junction. — In R. G. White's Poetry of the War. 

July 23, 1885.^- Death of Ulysses S. Grant. 

America lost her great military leader when General U. S. Grant died at 
Mount MacGregor, near Saratoga Springs. 

July 24, 1819. — J. G. Holland born. 

Selections from: 

Life of Abraham Lincoln. 
Lessons in Life. 
Men of One Idea. 

July 25, 1814. — Battle at Lundy's Lane. 

The Americans under Brown were attacked at Lundy's Lane by Drummond, 
commanding a British force one-third larger than Brown's. The battle lasted 
from sunset to midnight, and was more death-dealing, in proportion to the 
numbers engaged, than any previously fought on the American continent. It 
ended without a decisive victory for either party. 

References: 
Half-Hours with American History. — Morris. 
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812.— Lossing. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 

July 27, 1898. — Porto Rico taken. 

The British and German consuls, and several men representing the commer- 
cial interests of Ponce, acting under the authority of the Spanish commander, 
negotiated with the Americans for the surrender of that city. The American 
troops took formal possession, and the army held the city as a base from which 
they controlled the most important roads on the island. 

References: 
The War with Spain.— H. C. Lodge. 



456 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



July 30, 1619. — First Legislative body in America. 

On JtUy 30, 1619, a legislative bod}' met in a little wooden church at James- 
town. Each of the eleven local constituencies had two representatives, called 
burgesses, giving the name, the House of Burgesses. There was also an upper 
House called the Council; these with the Governor constituted a general assem- 
bly, whose functions were both legislative and judicial. 

References: 

Old Virginia and Her Neighbors. — Fiske. 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

A Short History of the English Colonies in America. — Lodge. 

American History told by Contemporaries. — Hart. 

August I, 1876. — Colorado was admitted to the Union. 

August 2, 1684. — Treaty with the Five Nations at Albany. 

The Indians of the Five Nations made a treaty of peace with the English at 
a convention in Albany. 

References: 

Brief History of the Empire State. — Hendricks. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

August 2, 1832. — Black Hawk defeated at Bad Axe river. 

By a treaty of July 15, 1830, the Sac and Fox Indians ceded their land east 
of the Mississippi to the Americans. Black Hawk, a chief, refused to submit to 
the treaty, and began to massacre the whites. He was finally defeated by Gen- 
eral Atkinson at Bad Axe river. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 
School History of the United States, — Lee. 
Our Country. — Lossing. 

August 4, 1857. — The first telegraphic message passed from America 
to Europe. 

The Atlantic telegraph was invented by Cyrus W. Field. 
References: 

Popular History of the United States.— Bryant. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 



457 



August 6, 1777. — Battle of Oriskany and sortie from Fort Stanwix. 

General Herkimer, on his way to relieve Fort Stanwix, fell into an ambuscade 
at Oriskany, was defeated, and mortally wounded. As Fort Stanwix was so 
hard pressed, Arnold was sent to its aid. Resorting to stratagem, he caused the 
desertion of the Indian allies, which left the British general, St. Leger, in such 
straits that he was obliged to decamp hurriedly, leaving much ammunition be- 
hind him. The retreat of St. Leger was of vital importance in deciding the fate 
of Burgoyne's army. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Popular History of the United States.— Anderson. 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
See Selection 2, p. 21. 

August 7, 1795. — Joseph Rodman Drake born. 
Appropriate Selections: 
The American Flag, p. 303. 

August 7, 1807. — Trial trip of Fulton's steamboat, the Clermont. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

August 9, 1812. — The Constitution and the Guerriere. 

An encounter between the American frigate Constitution, called " Old Iron- 
sides," and the British frigate Guerriere, took place near the Gulf of St. Law- 
rence. The Guerriere opened fire, continuing nearly an hour before the Con- 
stitution answered with more than an occasional gun. Then drawing nearer,, 
the Constitution poured in volleys with amazing rapidity and power. The Guer- 
riere fought desperately, but at last was forced to strike her flag. Too injured to 
keep afloat, the ship was burned. 

References: 

History of the Navy. — Maclay. 
History of the Navy of the United States. — Cooper. 
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

Appropriate Selections: 

"The first English frigate that ever struck its flag to an American ship-of- 
war had gone down to the bottom of the ocean. The sea never rolled over a 
vessel whose fate so startled the world. It disappeared forever, but it left its 



458 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



outline on the deep, never to be effaced until England and America shall be no 
more." 
" Old Ironsides."— O. W. Holmes. 

August 10, 182 1. — Missouri admitted to the Union, 

August II, 1609. — Discovery of the Hudson river. 

Almost contemporaneously with the first French exploration of Lake Cham- 
plain, another celebrated discoverer was penetrating from an opposite direction 
towards the same point. In 1609, Hendrick Hudson, in the employ of the 
Dutch East India Company, while searching for a north or northwest passage 
!to India, discovered the river which bears his name. 

References: 

Discovery of America. — Fiske. 

History of the United States. — Hildreth. 

Appropriate Selections: 

Voyage of the Half Moon. — Broadhead, in his History of New York. 

August 12, 1898. — Signing of protocol with Spain. 

Spanish defeats were confessed and a cessation of hostilities desired by the 
Spanish Government. Secretary of State Hay acceded to the request on certain 
essential conditions. The protocol was signed August 12, 1898, and hostilities 
ceased. 

References: 
The War with Spain. — H. C. Lodge. 

August 13, 1898. — City of Manila taken. 

GeneraJ Merritt and Admiral Dewey, having demanded the surrender of 
Manila, ordered an attack on August 13. The combination of the land and sea 
forces was irresistible and the Spanish hoisted the white flag. A conference was 
held, the capitulation was signed, and the city surrendered. " And the empire 
which Magellan had found for Spain had passed away forever." 

References: 

War with Spain. — H. C. Lodge. 

August 16, 1777. — Battle of Bennington. 

Burgoyne, in need of supplies, sent Colonel Baum with a force of Hessians to 
Bennington to capture those of the Americans. General Stark, however, 
defeated the expedition. 1 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 459 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
History of the United States. — Bancroft. 
American Revolution. — Fiske. 

August 16, 1780. — Battle of Camden. 

Gates, in command of the American forces, and Cornwallis, in command of the 
British, unexpectedly met at Sander's Creek. Overpowered by numbers, the 
American militia fled. The regulars, however, under the command of Baron de 
Kalb, offered the bravest resistance until de Kalb was mortally wounded. 

References : 

Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
1776. — Lossing. 

Appropriate Selections: 

The Old Continentals. — Guy Humphrey McMaster, p. 262. 

August 16, 1812. — Surrender of Detroit. 

Towards the beginning of the war. General Hull took his post at Detroit. 
He was soon followed by General Brock, commanding thirteen hundred British 
and Indians. The Americans were confident of winning the battle, about to 
take place, but instead of fighting, Hull surrendered at once, and by so doing 
lost Detroit and the whole territory of Michigan as well. 

References: 

Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 



August 20, 1799. — Battle of Maumee. 

The Indians north of the Ohio continued to show their dissatisfaction by 
many hostile acts, and were not subdued until General Wayne defeated them in 
a desperate battle on the Maumee River. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 

Our Country. — Lossing. 

Battles of the United States.— Dawson. 



460 



MANUAL OF PATRIOTISM. 



August 24, 1 8 14. — The city of Washington captured and partly burned. 

Five thousand men under General Ross disembarked from a British squadron 
in the Chesapeake Bay, captured Washington, and set fire to the city. Until 
the last moment, the Americans could not determine whether Washington or 
Baltimore was to be attacked, consequently the force was divided, and the 
British met with littje opposition. 

References: 

Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Popular History of the United States. — Anderson. 
Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. — Lossing. 

August 25, 1839. — Francis Bret Harte born. 

John Burns at Gettysburg. 

Selection from East and West Poems. 

August 27, 1664. — New Amsterdam called New York. 

An English expedition, under Nichols, suddenly appeared in the harbor of 
New Amsterdam and forced the Dutch to surrender. The articles of capitula- 
tion were signed on the twenty-seventh of August, and the name was changed 
to New York, in honor of the Duke of York. 

References: 

History of the Empire State. — Hendricks. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
Narrative and Critical History of America. — Winsor. 
History of New York. — Roberts. 
American History told by Contemporaries. — Hart. 



August 27, 1776. — Battle of Long Island. 

The British forces, under Howe, attacked the Americans at Long Island in 
three divisions, two in front, the third in the rear. Despite the brave fight of 
the patriots, they were forced to yield. The effects of the disaster were far- 
reaching; it decided the wavering to join the enemy; it gave form and direc- 
tion to subsequent events; and it gave New York into the possession of the 
British. 

References: 

Half-Hours with American History. — Morris. 
Popular History of the United States. — Bryant. 
1776. — Lossing. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 461 

The American Revolution. — Fiske. 
Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 
Diary of che American Revolution.— Moore. 

Appropriate Selections: 
See p. 29, selection 4. 

August 28, 1619. — First negro slaves in the colonies. 

About August 28, 1619, a Dutch merchantman brought a shipload of twenty- 
negroes to Virginia to be sold as slaves. A little over a year later the pilgrims 
landed in New England, and two antagonistic and opposing elements were then 
planted in America, that were destined to be in almost constant conflict until 
the question of slavery in the United States was settled forever by the great 
Civil war. 

References: 

Old Virginia and Her Neighbors. — Fiske. 

August 29, 1779. — Battle of Chemung. 

General Sullivan entered the region near the headwaters of the Susquehanna 
and Genesee rivers to punish the Indians for massacres. At Newtown, now 
Elmira, he gained a decisive victory in the battle of Chemung-. 

References: 

American Revolution. — Fiske. 
Battles of the United States. — Dawson. 
Popular History of the United States, — Bryant. 
General SuUivan's Indian Expedition, 1779. 

August 29, 1809. — Oliver Wendell Holmes born. 

Appropriate Selections: 
Old Ironsides. 
The Season's Masterpiece. 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 



A. 

Admiral Dewey and the Spanish-American 

War, 197. 
American Eagle, The, 130. 
American Flag, The, 316. 
Arsenal at Springfield, The, 127. 

B. 

Banner of the Stars, The, 15, 321. 

Battle of Yorktown, The, 179. 

Bell, The, 113. 

Birthday of Abraham Lincoln, The, 269. 

Birthday of Washington, The, 243. 

Birthday Programs: 

Longfellow, 152. 

Whittier, 152. 

Holmes, 153. 

Lowell, 153. 
Bivouac of the Dead, The, 28. 
Black Regiment, The, 105. 
Blue and the Gray, The, 146, 220. 
Boy, Columbus, The, 161. 
Brave at Home, The, 343. 
Bugles of Gettysburg, 219. 

C. 

Camp, The, 61. 

Capitol, The, 51. 

Carmen Bellicosum, 262. 

Centennial Hymn, 345. 

Citizenship, 366. 

Civic Creed for the Boys and Girls of the 
Great Republic, 35. 

Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean, 313. 

Columbus Day, 157. 

Commemoration Ode, From the, 340. 

Common School, The, 48. 

Concord Hymn, 170, 222. 

Constitution of the United States, The, 353. 

Consulate, The, 85. 

Contents, xv. 

D. 

Declaration of Independence, The, 351. 

Dewey and the Spanish-American War, Ad- 
miral, 197. 



Dewey's Victory, May 1, 1898, 200. 
Dirge for a Soldier, 28. 
Dove, The, 125. 

E. 

Eagle, The, 129, 133. 
Eight Volunteers, 233. 
E Pluribus Unum, 138. 
Exposition Buildings, 75. 

F. 

Farragut, Admiral, 92. 

Flag, A Brief History of the, 5. 

Flag Day, 301. 

Flag of Freedom, The, 65. 

Flag of the Constellation, The, 18. 

Flag that has Never Known Defeat, The, 

10. 
Flag, The, 313. 
Fourth of July, The, 175. 
Freedom, 101. 
Free Schools Inspire Loyalty to Country, 

50. 

G. 

General Grant and the Civil War, 187. 
Grant, Ulysses Simpson, 189, 193. 
Gray Forest Eagle, The, 133. 

H. 

Half-Masted Flag, The, 25. 

Hats Off, 323. 

His First and Last Surrender, 188. 

Home, 41. 

Home, The, 41. 

Home, The Nation's Safeguard, The, 42. 

Hospital, The, 69. 

How Sleep the Brave, 25, 231. 



Incident, An, 71. 

Incident of the French Camp, An, 61. 
Independence Bell, July 4, 1776, 111. 
In the Time of Strife, 230. 
Introduction, v. 



(463) 



464 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 



L. 

Labor is Worship, 386. 

Land, The, 87. 

Landing of the Pilgrims, The, 163, 167. 

Lexington and Concord, 169. 

Liberty, 355. 

Liberty Bell, The, 111. 

Liberty Cap, The, 101. 

Liberty's Latest Daughter, 178. 

Lincoln, 296. 

Lincoln, The Birthday of, 269. 

Love of Country, 88. 

M. 
Maine, The, 198. 
Manila Bay, 238. 

Meditations of Columbia, 1876, The, 164. 
Memorial Day, 205. 
Men Behind the Guns, The, 224, 
Monterey, 324. 
My Country, 43. 
My Country, 'Tis of Thee, 341. 

N. 
New Memorial Day, The, 225. 
New York Day at the World's Fair, 76. 
Nobility of Labor, The, 383. 



Observations on the Character of Colum- 
bus, 158. 

O Captain, My Captain, 291. 

Old Flag Forever, 10, 321. 

Our Country, 375. 

Our Country and Flag, 309. 

Our Flag, 9. 

Our Flag is There, 310. 

Our Standing Army, 226. 

Our State, 107. 

P. 

Palmetto and the Pine, The, 56. 

Patriotic Pledges, 35. 

Patriotic Poets, Birthday Programs: 
Longfellow, 152. 
Whittier, 152. 
Holmes, 153. 
Lowell, 153. 

Patriotism, 331. 

Patriot's Elysium, The, 340. 

Phantom Army, The, 27. 

Progress, 81. 



Red, White and Blue, The, 19. 
Restored Union, The, 55. 
Reveille, 66. 

Revolutionary Alarm, The, 170. 
Right of the Line, The, 20. 
Rising in 1776, The, 116. 

S. 

Sailing of the Fleet, 200. 

Salute the Flag, 321. 

Saluting the Flag, 31. 

Santa Filomena, 70. 

School, The, 47. 

School, Liberty's Safeguard, The, 47. 

Sea, The, 91. 

Shield, The, 135. 

Ship of State, The, 91, 348. 

Soldier Boy, The, 223. 

Song for Independence, 358. 

Song of the Camp, The, 64. 

Song of the Flag, A, 30. 

Songs of Labor, Selections from, 384. 

Speech at Transfer of Flags, 36. 

Stars in My Country's Sky — Are ye All 

There?, 137. 
Stars, The, 11. 

Star-Spangled Banner, The, 320. 
Stripes and the Stars, The, 308. 
Suggestions to Teachers, xi. 
Sword, The, 115. 



Tableaux : 

The Minute Man, 143. 

Departure and Return of the States, 146. 

The March of the Flags, 150. 

The Army and Navy, 150. 

Homage to Columbia, 151. 
True Fame, 234. 
True Patriot, The, 135. 
Two Flags, The, 325. 

U. 

Uncover to the Flag, 32. 
Unfurl Our Standards High, 94. 
Union, The, 359. 
Union and Liberty, 365. 
Universal Education, 48. 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 



465 



Vanquished, 194. 

Vision of Liberty, The, 104. 

Vision of the Stars, A, 16. 

W. 

Washington, George, 248. 
Washington, The Birthday of, 243. 



William TelPs Address to His Native Hills, 

102. 
Why They Called Him Leader, 195. 
Women of the War, 71. 
Work-shop and the Camp, The, 387. 

Y. 

Yorktown Lesson, The, 180. 



INDEX OF SONGS AND MUSIC, 



America, 3. 

American Flag, The, 303. 

Angel of Peace, 121. 



Battle Hymn of the Republic, 139. 
Breaking Waves Dashed High, The, 

C. 

Camp Flag, The, 67. 
Centennial Hymn, 79. 
Columbus, 159. 

D. 

Dewey at Manila Bay, 203. 

F. 

Flag of the Free, 317. 



God Speed the Right, 265. 
Good Comrade, The, 73. 



Heroes' Greeting, The, 217. 
Home, Sweet Home, 39. 

I. 

Independence Day, 174. 
In Memoriam, 227. 



Xand of Washington, The, 181. 
Xaus Deo, 297. 
Xiberty Bell, The. 109. 
Xiberty Cap, The, 97. 



165. 



M. 

Man for Me, The, 289. 
Many Flags in Many Lands, 83. 
Memorial Day, Song for, 207. 
My Country, 'Tis of Thee, 327. 

O. 

Ocean-Guarded Flag, The, 90. 

Ode for Washington's Birthday, 255. 

O Starry Flag of Union, Hail, 57. 

Our Flag, 311. 

Our Own Dear Land, 89. 

R. 

Red, White and Blue, The, 23. 
Remembered, 239. 

S. 

Sehoolhouse and the Flag, The, 45. 
See, the Conquering Hero Comes, 191. 
Song for Memorial Day, 207. 
Star of Freedom, The, 53. 
Star-Spangled Banner, The, 13. 
Sword of Bunker Hill, The, 119. 



T. 

Three Cheers for the Olden Time, 173. 

W. 

Waving Flag, The, 33. 
Where the Eagle Is King, 131. 



(466) 



INDEX OF AUTHORS. 



Adams, John, 246, 248. 
Adams, Samuel, 378. 
Adams, Susan J., 210. 
American Naval Officer, 1812, 310. 
Ames, Fisher, 334. 
Andrew, Gov., 212, 270. 
Arthur, Chester A., 183. 
Atlantic Monthly, 209. 

B. 

Bailey, Lansing C, 233. 

Ballard, H. C, 270. 

Bancroft, George, 170. 

Beck, Henry T., 302. 

Beecher, Henry Ward, 189, 215, 305, 

Benjamin, Charles L., 10. 

Bennett, H. H., 323. 

Black, Frank S., 282. 

Blaine, James G., 177. 

Boardman, Henry A., 375. 

Boker, George Henry, 28, 105. 

Bradshaw, Wellesley, 219. 

Bright, John, 272. 

Brooks, Elbridge S., 379. 

Brooks, James G., 244. 

Brooks, Phillips, 273, 276. 

Brown, John Mason, 209. 

Browne, Francis F., 194. 

Browning, Robert, 61. 

Bryce, James, 244. 

Bunner, H. C, 321. 

Burns, Robert, 388. 

Butterworth, Hezekiah, 260, 375. 

C. 

Caldwell, W. W., 380. 
Calhoun, John C, 222, 354, 376. 
Carroll, Archbishop John, 244. 
Cary, Phoebe, 302, 375. 
Castelar, Emilio, 272, 274. 
Channing, William E., 250. 
Chapin, E. A., 211. 



377. 



Cheverton, E. C, 32. 
Choate, Rufus, 247, 260. 
Clay, Henry, 210, 377. 
Cleveland, Grover, 247. 
Coles, Abraham, 246. 
Collins, William, 26, 231. 
Conkling, Roscoe, 378. 
Cooper, Peter, 271. 
Corliss, C. P., 270. 
Cowper, William, 135. 
Cranch, Christopher P., 244. 
Crawford, F. Marion, 315, 381. 
Curtis, George William, 71, 145, 171, 210, 
214, 229, 230, 261, 334, 337, 347, 349, 363. 
Cutler, George Washington, 138. 

D. 

Dale, H. W., 270. 

Dana, Charles A., 273, 278, 279, 280, 353. 

Dawes, Henry L., 270. 

Deems, Charles F., 261. 

De Kay, C, 194. 

Dekker, Thomas, 383. 

Dennison, Frederic, 302. 

Depew, Chauncey M., 48, 162, 231, 274, 

285, 347. 
Devens, Charles, 212. 
Dewey, Orville, 336, 388. 
Dickinson, Daniel S., 306, 375, 376. 
Douglass, Frederick, 271. 
Dowd, Emma C, 246. 
Drake, J. Rodman, 316. 
Draper, Andrew S., 277, 345. 
Dwight, John Sullivan, 342. 
D^vye^, J. Henry, 210. 
Dyer, Arthur, 379. 
Dyer, Sidney, 272. 

E. 

Edwards, Richard, 347. 

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 144, 170, 222, 274. 

Everett, Edward, 167, 211, 234, 244, 246, 

251, 305, 335, 368. 
Everett, Homer, 209. 
(467) 



468 



INDEX OF AUTHORS. 



Field, David Dudley, 343. 
Fields, James T., 378. 
Finch, Francis Miles, 146, 220. 
Fiske, John, 257. 
Flower, Roswell P., 81. 
Foote, Kate, 319. 
Ford, Paul Leicester, 261. 
Foster, Charles, 271. 
Franklin, Benjamin, 244. 
Frelinghuysen, Theodore, 271. 
Frye, William P., 136. 
Fuller, Melville, 247. 
Furness, William E., 215. 

G. 

Gallagher, W. D., 378. 

Garfield, James A., 271, 362, 369, 378. 

G. A. R. Report, 331, 332. 

Gilder, Richard Watson, 211. 

Gilmore, P. S., 377. 

Gladstone, William Ewart, 244, 378. 

Godwin, Parke, 380. 

Gordan, Cornelia M., 209. 

Gordon, John B., 211, 362. 

Gould, Hannah, 246. 

Gould, Jennie, 302. 

Grady, Henry W., 42, 52, 148, 234, 275, 348. 

Grant, Ulysses S., 212, 213, 214, 222, 270, 

286, 380. 
Gratton, Sir Henry, 244. 
Gray, Asa, 270. 
Gray, Thomas, 383. 
Greeley, Adolphus, 15. 
Green, John Richard, 244, 259. 
Griffis, William E., 346. 
Grimke, Thomas S., 333. 
Grow, Galusha A., 326. 
Guenther, Richard, 371. 
Guizot, Francois, P. G., 244. 



Hale, Edward Everett, 246, 339. 
Hale, Sarah J., 377. 
Halpine, Charles G., 296. 
Hamilton, Alexander, 245, 376. 
Harper's Magazine, 211. 
Harrison, Benjamin, 15, 307, 335, 371. 
Harte, Bret, 27. 
Herbert, Hilary A., 376. 
Hesperian, 43. 



H. E. W., Jr., 238. 

Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 209. 

Hoar, George F., 246, 370, 375. 

Hoffman, Charles F., 324. 

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 271, 302, 315, 357, 

365. 
Howard, 0. 0., 270. 
Howells, William Dean, 272. 
Hunt, Helen, 215. 



Ingersoll, Robert G., 26, 102, 213, 287, 288, 

352, 355, 356, 367. 
Ireland, Rt. Rev. John, 77. 
Irving, Washington, 158, 246. 

J. 

Jackson, Andrew, 377, 378. 
Janvier, Francis De Hass, 245. 
Jay, John, 246. 
Jefferson, Thomas, 248, 250, 381. 
Johnson, Reverdy, 375. 

K. 

Kasson, John Adams, 380. 

Kent, D. H., 212. 

Key, Francis Scott, 320, 377. 

King, Thomas Starr, 247, 340, 380. 

Kiser, S. E., 223. 

Knowles, J. Sheridan, 102. 



Lafayette, Marquis de, 378. 

Lamartine, A. M. L. de, 245. 

Lanier, Sidney, 164, 382. 

Larcom, Lucy, 313. 

Lasker, Raphael, 343. 

Leeky, William E. H., 259. 

Lee, Henry, 245. 

Legare, Hugh S., 346, 355. 

Leggett, William, 244, 375. 

Lewis, Alonzo, 65. 

Lieber, Francis, 377. 

Lincoln, Abraham, 233, 244, 252, 307, 309, 

333, 337, 341, 351, 357, 361, 364, 372. 
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 198, 245, 251, 260, 335, 

338, 372. 
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 70, 91, 127, 

348. 
Lowe, Charles, 270. 
Lowell, James Russell, 247, 276, 292, 340, 

356. 



INDEX OF AUTHORS. 



469 



Madison, James, 379. 

Marion, Francis, 50. 

Martin, G., 271. 

Matthews, Stanley, 271. 

MeClellan, George B., 222. 

McDowell, J., 344. 

McDuffie, George, 378. 

McElroy, Wm. H., 21, 81. 

McKinley, William, 56, 198, 199, 224, 283, 

284, 285, 286, 344, 364. 
McMaster, Guy Humphrey, 262. 
Meagher, Thomas Francis, 118, 346. 
Merrill, Samuel P., 234. 
Miles, Xelson A., 379. 
Mitchell, George S., 209. 
Montgomery, James, 340. 
Morgan, Thomas J., 355. 
Morton, Oliver P., 362. 
Morris, Gouverneur, 245. 
Moulton, Louise Chandler, 176. 
Murphy, John A,, 211. 

N. 
Naylor, Charles, 385, 386. 
New, John C, 270. 
Newman, John P., 282. 
New York Tribune, 200. 
Nicholas, Czar of Eussia, 375. 

O. 

O'Connor, Joseph, 76. 
O'Connor, Michael, 66. 
O'Gorman, Richard, 177. 
O'Hara, Theodore, 28, 216. 
O'Eeilly, John Boyle, 167, 376. 
Orleans, Louis Philippe, Due d*, 272. 
Osgood, Frances S., 386. 
Outlook, The, 235. 

P. 

Paine, Albert Bigelow, 225. 

Paine, Thomas, 244. 

Palgrave, Francis T., 247. 

Parker, I. C, 379. 

Parker, Theodore, 252, 381. 

Parkhurst, Charles H., 339. 

Pease, T. C, 271. 

Percival, James Gates, 129. 

Peterson, Henry, 271. 

Phillips, Charles, 253. 

Phillips, Wendell, 272, 367, 377. 



Pike, Manley H., 56. 

Potter, Henry C, 234, 261, 294, 369. 

Porter, Horace, 188, 248, 296. 

Porter, M. S., 134. 

Power, Thomas F., 210. 

Pray, I. C, Jr., 316. 

Proctor, Edna Dean, 308. 

Putnam, George, 210, 



Ray, George W., 281. 

Raymond, R. W., 15, 321. 

Read, T, Buchanan, 18, 116, 315, 343. 

Ripley, Mary A,, 272, 

Robbins, Asher, 249. 

Robinson, Oscar D., 229, 347. 

Robinson, William E., 309. 

Rochambeau, Marquis de, 183. 

Roche, James J,, 245, 

Rooney, John J., 224. 

Roosevelt, Theodore, 92, 115, 224, 231, 278, 

368, 370, 371, 376. 
Rosenburg, C, G., 245. 
Ross, Lawrence Sullivan, 219, 

S. 

Sangster, Margaret E., 9, 

Sargent, Epes, 381. 

Saxton, Charles T., 338. 

Schurz, Carl, 247, 351. 

Scott, Sir Walter, 88, 342, 383. 

Scott, W, H., 36. 

Seward, William H., 245. 

Sewell, Jonathan M., 376. 

Shakespeare, William, 302, 375, 383. 

Shaw, Albert D., 322. 

Shaw, David T., 313. 

Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 245. 

Sheridan, George A., 211. 

Sheridan, Philip, 195. 

Sherman, James S., 282, 

Sherman, John, 379. 

Sherman, William Tecumseh, 195, 210, 270, 

271, 377. 
Sherwood, Kate D,, 379, 
Sherwood, Kate M, B., 272. 
Shoemaker, William L., 376. 
Sigourney, Lydia Huntley, 137. 
Simpson, Matthew, 271. 
Skinner, Charles R., viii, 48, 49, 349. 
Smith, Dexter, 314. 



470 



INDEX OF AUTHORS. 






Smith, Samuel Francis, 47, 341. 

Southey, Robert, 244. 

Sparks, Jared, 252. 

Spofford, Harriet Prescott, 319. 

Stanton, Frank L., 10, 230, 321. 

Stephens, Alexander H., 273, 293. 

Stockton, Commodore, 236. 

Stoddard, Richard Henry, 291. 

Street, Alfred B., 133, 358. 

Strong, Josiah, 377. 

Stryker, M. Woolsey, 30. 

Sumner, Charles, 126, 247, 250, 270, 306. 

Sutton, George D., 10. 

Swain, Charles, 41. 

Swift, John L., 235. 

Swing, David, 272, 293. 

T. 

Taylor, Bayard, 64, 178, 211. 

Taylor, B. F., 113. 

Tennyson, Alfred, 101, 133, 246, 357. 

Thackeray, William Makepeace, 245. 

Thompson, C. W., 130. 

Thompson, Hugh S., 381. 

Thompson, Maurice F., 209, 292, 295, 380. 

Thurston, John H., 214. 

Thurston, John M., 62, 280, 382. 

Towle, Henry M., 259. 

Trowbridge, John T., 272. 

Twitchell, Joseph H., 209. 

V. 

Vandegrift, Margaret, 226. 
Van Dusen, I. D., 379. 



Vaughan, Virginia, 202. 
Voorhees, Daniel W., 232. 

W. 

Waite, Morrison R., 270. 

Ware, Henry, Jr., 104. 

Warner, Charles Dudley, 75, 270. 

Warren, Owen Grenliffe, 94. 

Washington, George, 334, 359, 360, 366, 

370, 377. 
Washington, Mary, 245. 
Washington Star, 294. 
Waterbury, S. L., 15, 315. 
Watterson, Henry, 55, 361. 
Webster, Daniel, 52, 175, 177, 246, 249, 

336, 352, 353, 354, 359, 360, 363, 375, 

376. 
Whitman, Walt, 291. 
Whittier, John Greenleaf 107, 126, 273, 

345, 376, 378, 384. 
Willard, Frances E., 325. 
Williams, Thomas, 302. 
Wilson, John D., 200. 
Wilson, William L., 377. ' 
Winship, Albert E., 380. 
Winter, William, 232. 
Winthrop, Robert Charles, 149, 180, 257, 

262, 305, 379, 380, 381. 
Wise, George D., 287. 
Wirt, William, 249. 
W. K. W., xi, 16. 
Wolf, Edmund J., 379. 
Wood, Anson S., 236. 
Woodford, Stewart L., 333, 369. 



LRBS'lb 



